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Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lubljana; Sarajevo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Mediacentar (2021), 29 pp.
"The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in BiH is fragmented and unaligned with European standards, and there are few cases of its processing. Ways to combat disinformation mainly rely on self-regulatory frameworks and fact-checking platforms, and there are no comprehensive stra
...
National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Serbia
Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 26 pp.
"In the process of accession to the European Union, Serbia is harmonizing laws with the EU legislation. In this process, the majority of regulations related to the prevention of hate speech and the spread of disinformation generally meet standards or are in the process of being amended. This factshe
...
Edelman Trust Barometer 2021: Global Report
Edelman (2021), 58 slides
"After a year of unprecedented disaster and turbulence – the Covid-19 pandemic and economic crisis, the global outcry over systemic racism and political instability – the 2021 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals an epidemic of misinformation and widespread mistrust of societal institutions and leade
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YouTube Regrets: A Crowdsourced Investigation Into YouTube's Recommendation Algorithm
Mozilla (2021), 39 pp.
"YouTube is the second-most visited website in the world, and its algorithm drives 70% of watch time on the platform—an estimated 700 million hours every single day. For years, that recommendation algorithm has helped spread health misinformation, political disinformation, hateful diatribes, and o
...
Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
USENIX Security Symposium (2021), 18 pp.
"Disinformation is proliferating on the internet, and platforms are responding by attaching warnings to content. There is little evidence, however, that these warnings help users identify or avoid disinformation. In this work, we adapt methods and results from the information security warning litera
...
Understanding the Context Around Content: Looking Behind Misinformation Narratives
Global Insights, issue December (2021), pp. 16-22
"Misinformation is not solely an online problem; offline dynamics and activities also contribute to misinformation’s spread and resonance.
- Political conflict, social upheaval, economic stress, and other sociological or psychological are among the offline dynamics that contribute to misinformatio
...
The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation
London; New York: Routledge (2021), x, 239 pp.
"In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social
...
Humanitarian Communication in a Post-Truth World
Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 1, issue 1 (2021), pp. 49-55
"When people look online for information about humanitarian crises, they increasingly encounter media content that blurs the line between reality and fiction. This includes everything from rumour and exaggeration to partisan journalism and completely invented stories designed to look like real news
...
How to Counter Disinformation: 10 Strategic Demands
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2021), 8 pp.
"1 Words matter: Use the correct terms
2 Images and emotions: Understanding the entire range of disinformation
3 Creating structures for the digital education of every age group
4 Securing the freedom of expression: Smart regulation against overblocking
5 A modern constitutional state
6 Focus on tec
...
Effective state practices against disinformation: Four country case studies
Helsinki: European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) (2021), 30 pp.
"[...] this Research Report has selected four country case studies: Sweden, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France. Obviously, other cases would have been interesting, particularly the United States. But the United States is already at the centre of other works, including by Hybrid CoE. Being divers
...
"In the Eastern DRC where the 10th Ebola epidemic was coming to an end, the advent of COVID-19 raised additional concern of dealing with two major health emergencies at the same time with implications for effective audience engagement, and compliance to public health measures. These concerns came ag
...
Digital Disinformation: Evidence from Ukraine
Zürich: ETH Zürich, Center for Security Studies (CSS) (2021), 4 pp.
"There is a pervasive fear that information technology enhances the effectiveness of destabilizing disinformation campaigns. Yet evidence from Ukraine, the paradigmatic case of “hybrid war”, indicates this threat is overstated. Rather, traditional media remain far more influential. The prevailin
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How Information Disorder Affirms Authoritarianism and Destabilizes Democracy: Evidence, Trends, and Actionable Mitigation Strategies from Asia and the Pacific
Washington, DC: USAID; Integra Government Services International LLC; Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Activity (2021), 130 pp.
"Section 2 of this report provides an overview of information disorder in Asia and the Pacific and describes how it destabilizes democracy and strengthens authoritarianism. After situating information disorder in Asia and the Pacific in its historical context, Section 2 examines which actors 1) spre
...
Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre, Mali (Tabale Kunkan)
Search for Common Ground (2021), 56 pp.
"L’étude de base du projet « Renforcer la résilience communautaire et la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre du Mali intitulé “Tabalé Kunkan’’ a pour but d’établir la situation de référence du projet à partir de laquelle les progrès seront mesurés. Elle a util
...
The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence Against Women Journalists. Research Discussion Paper
Deep Insights
UNESCO (2021), 94 pp.
"Online attacks on women journalists appear to be increasing significantly, as this study demonstrates, particularly in the context of the ‘shadow pandemic’ of violence against women during COVID-19. The pandemic has changed journalists’ working conditions, making them yet more dependent on di
...
The Sputnik V vaccine: An international success for Russia? An analysis of the way Russian state-owned media RT and Sputnik/SNA present information and use methods of disinformation in the examples of Germany, France, Great Britain, Serbia, Slovakia and Kazakhstan
Berlin: The Greens-EFA in the European Parliament (2021), 41 pp.
"This analysis examines the methods of disinformation being used to prove Russia's scientific lead, while portraying Western compet-itors in a very negative light. Sputnik V is an instrument of "soft power" through which Russia is trying to gain influence worldwide. In order to evaluate how successf
...
Verschwörungstheorien, Fake News und Rassismus = Théories du complot, fake news et racisme = Teorie del complotto, fake news e razzismo
Tangram, issue 45 (2021), 164 pp.
"Die Bekämpfung von Rassismus geht einher mit der Bekämpfung von Stereotypen und Vorurteilen, die oft über Verschwörungstheorien und Fake News verbreitet werden. Diese Nummer des Tangram befasst sich mit den Berührungspunkten von Verschwörungstheorien, Fake News und Rassismus. Warum halten sic
...
Recommended Reading: Amazon’s Algorithms, Conspiracy Theories and Extremist Literature
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 22 pp.
"The role of algorithms in propelling conspiracy theories and radicalisation has been brought into sharp focus by the interlocking crises of the past 12 months. Social media platforms have sought to tamp down on algorithmic recommendation of conspiracy theories and extremist content, for example by
...
What Works: Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation. Lessons from the Frontlines in 100 Countries
Internews (2021), 14 pp.
"A global COVID-19 vaccine rollout must be coupled with funding and strategies to support trusted local media worldwide. The experience of communities in countries across the world demonstrates an urgent need to support groups at the local level if misinformation and mistrust is to be tackled effect
...
