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Journals
Output Type
"This report analyses two Chinese state-linked networks seeking to influence discourse about Xinjiang across platforms including Twitter and YouTube. This activity targeted the Chinese-speaking diaspora as well as international audiences, sharing content in a variety of languages. Both networks atte
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A Systematic Literature Review on Disinformation: Toward a Unified Taxonomical Framework
New Media & Society, volume 23, issue 5 (2021), pp. 1301-1326
"There is no commonly agreed typology framework, specific categorization criteria, and explicit definitions as a basis to assist the further investigation of the area. Our work is focused on filling this need. Our contribution is twofold. First, we collect the various implicit and explicit disinform
...
Fighting Disinfodemic in Central Africa: Fact-Checkers Experience Against Covid-19 Fake News
In: Perspectivas Multidisciplinares Da Comunicação Em Contexto De Pandemia. Vol I
Coleção ICNOVA (2021), pp. 144-164
"This chapter discusses two cases of new media formats combining journalistic skills, creativity and innovation when communicating risk and acting against disinfodemic, the collaborative website ‘Talato’ for fact-checking on the coronavirus in CAR and the fact-checking online platform ‘Congo C
...
GFMD Impact: Disinformation
Deep Insights
"On 17th June 2021 GFMD's International Media Policy and Advisory Centre hosted a meeting of 54 media development donors, practitioners and academics to discuss effective responses to disinformation. Disinformation was chosen after it was selected as a priority in a survey of those engaged with GFMD
...
Gendered disinformation: 6 reasons why liberal democracies need to respond to this threat. Policy brief
Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2021)
"Gendered disinformation is a form of identity-based disinformation that threatens human rightsworldwide. It undermines the digital and political rights, as well as the safety and security, of itstargets. Its effects are far-reaching: gendered disinformation is used to justify human rightsabuses and
...
Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy: Protecting the Public Sphere from Disinformation
Deep Insights
Internews (2021), 98 pp.
"The Philippines is one of the first countries where the potential for online disinformation threats to undermine democratic processes, especially during elections, was noticed [...] This report takes a deep look at an online survey that Internews conducted, explores the cultural and emotional dimen
...
Respuestas para combatir la desinformación en procesos electorales en Perú
Lima: UNESCO (2021), 72 pp.
"Este informe de UNESCO en Perú analiza una variedad de respuestas que han sido implementadas en el país para contrarrestar los efectos de la desinformación durante las Elecciones Generales 2021. El estudio reconoce que diversas organizaciones han contribuido en la lucha contra las llamadas fake
...
Persuasive strategies in online health misinformation: A systematic review
Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 11 (2021), pp. 2131-2148
"A proliferation of a variety of health misinformation is present online, particularly during times of public health crisis. To combat online health misinformation, numerous studies have been conducted to taxonomize health misinformation or examine debunking strategies for various types of health mi
...
Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation
Internews (2021), 34 pp.
"The Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation (MDED) project sought the perspectives of pro-democracy actors and key agents in the electoral process to map out election integrity initiatives, assess organizational capacities for disinformation mitigation, and identify influence operatio
...
Courage Against Hate
Facebook (2021), 128 pp.
"The Courage Against Hate initiative has been brought together by Facebook for the purpose of sparking cross-sector, pan-European dialogue and action to combat hate speech and extremism. This collection of articles unites European academic analysis with practitioners who are actively working on coun
...
Sticking to the Facts, Building trust: Our Cure for Disinformation
Lausanne: Fondation Hirondelle (2021), 9 pp.
"Fondation Hirondelle's approach to disinformation centres on the fundamental principles of journalism and on the lessons learned from over 25 years of applying these principles in highly fragile contexts, where access to reliable information for the majority is not a given, and where rumours, hate
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National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lubljana; Sarajevo: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Mediacentar (2021), 29 pp.
"The legislative framework for the regulation of hate speech in BiH is fragmented and unaligned with European standards, and there are few cases of its processing. Ways to combat disinformation mainly rely on self-regulatory frameworks and fact-checking platforms, and there are no comprehensive stra
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Harmful Information: Misinformation, Disinformation and Hate Speech in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence. ICRC Initial Findings and Perspectives on Adapting Protection Approaches
Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2021), 20 pp.
"The present document .. first proposes a working definition of what misinformation, disinformation and hate speech” (MDH) are and how they can be framed conceptually. It then explains why MDH is of such significant concern to the ICRC and the wider humanitarian sector. Next, it outlines the key c
...
Final Report
Aspen Institute (2021), 78 pp.
"This report is the culmination of an in-depth investigation aimed at better defining the causes and challenges of information disorder, and offering a viable framework for action [...] The Aspen Institute’s Commission on Information Disorder invited voices from across our society to help build up
...
Recommended Reading: Amazon’s Algorithms, Conspiracy Theories and Extremist Literature
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 22 pp.
"The role of algorithms in propelling conspiracy theories and radicalisation has been brought into sharp focus by the interlocking crises of the past 12 months. Social media platforms have sought to tamp down on algorithmic recommendation of conspiracy theories and extremist content, for example by
...
Cyber Capabilities as a New Resource of Power Conflicts in the Digital Sphere
International Reports (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung), issue 1 (2021), pp. 95-105
"Interestingly, traditional sources of power, such as military and economic strength, are not a prerequisite for success in cyberspace. It is true that the premier league of cyber powers also includes many traditional major powers in its ranks. But states need very few resources to build their cyber
...
"In this paper, ARIJ proposes the following recommendations which target the greater media community. This includes media institutions concerned with the press, unions, press unions and donors who support this venture. We maintain that disinformation is a product of a social and political environmen
...
Does the Platform Matter? Social Media and COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs in 17 Countries
New Media & Society, volume 25, issue 12 (2021), pp. 3412-3437
"While the role of social media in the spread of conspiracy theories has received much attention, a key deficit in previous research is the lack of distinction between different types of platforms. This study places the role of social media affordances in facilitating the spread of conspiracy belief
...
How to Counter Disinformation: 10 Strategic Demands
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2021), 8 pp.
"1 Words matter: Use the correct terms
2 Images and emotions: Understanding the entire range of disinformation
3 Creating structures for the digital education of every age group
4 Securing the freedom of expression: Smart regulation against overblocking
5 A modern constitutional state
6 Focus on tec
...
"This report explores how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses foreign social media influencers to shape and push messages domestically and internationally about Xinjiang that are aligned with its own preferred narratives. Our research has found key instances in which Chinese state entities have s
...
