Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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A battle of two pandemics: Coronavirus and digital authoritarianism in the Arab World

Sahar Khamis

In: Cyber War & Cyber Peace: Digital Conflict in the Middle East

Eliza Campbell, Michael Sexton (eds.)

London; New York: Tauris (2022), pp. 161-178

"This chapter explores the current wave of coronavirus-related digital crackdowns in the Arab region, which are unfolding in multiple forms, and analyzes its causes, contexts, and consequences. It explores why and how the stifling of media freedom and freedom of speech online in the Arab region has ... more

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Aggravating circumstances? The COVID-19-related situational threats against the press in Portugal

Rui Alexandre Novais

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 13, issue 3 (2022), pp. 337-357

"This study aims to fill the gap of the practical impediments for journalists properly doing their work during the COVID-19 pandemic over a single country. It is achieved by mapping the situational threats faced by the press in Portugal, as one of the best countries that grant media a free environme ... more

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Protection of Editorial Cartoonists: Practical Guide

Cartooning for Peace (2022), 91 pp.

"In 2016, Cartoonists Rights Network International (CRNI) published the extremely helpful “Safety Manual for Political Cartoonists in Trouble”— the only one of its kind to this day. Thanks to the support of the European Union, Cartooning for Peace presents this guide which we hope will expand ... more

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Making the Invisible Visible. Guideline 1: An Intersectional Gender Guide to Monitoring and Documenting Attacks Against Journalists and Social Communicators

Article 19 (2022), 22 pp.

"An intersectional gender approach starts with the fact that differences between the roles of women and men – in terms of their relative position in society and the distribution of resources, opportunities, constraints, and power in a given context – cannot be analysed in a separate silo. Instea ... more

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Perception of journalists reporting in conflict zones: Labour situation, working conditions and main challenges in information coverage in contexts of violence

Santiago Tejedor, Laura Cervi, Fernanda Tusa

Media, War & Conflict, volume 15, issue 4 (2022), pp. 530–552

"A total of 324 journalists have been killed in the world in the last decade. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the situation is alarming. Based on these statistics, this work presents an investigation with journalists from 10 countries. Based on in-depth interviews and the Delphi method, the stud ... more

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The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists
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Julie Posetti, Nabeelah Shabbir (eds.)

International Center for Journalists (ICFJ); UNESCO (2022), 325 pp.

"This ground-breaking three-year global study on gender-based online violence against women journalists represents collaborative research covering 15 countries. It is the most geographically, linguistically, and ethnically diverse scoping of the crisis conducted up until late 2022. The research draw ... more

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Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder among regional journalists in Pakistan

Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah, Jan Faizullah, Tamar Ginossar, Patrick J. McGrail, Danish Baber, Rahman Ullah

Journalism, volume 23, issue 2 (2022), pp. 391-408

"This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys re ... more

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When Journalists are Voiceless: How Lifestyle Journalists Cover Hate and Mitigate Harassment

Gregory Perreault, Kaitlin Miller

Journalism Studies, volume 23, issue 15 (2022), pp. 1977-1993

"Often trivialized within the broader journalistic field, lifestyle journalists would seem to have the dream job: the opportunity to get paid to do what they love. The present study explores an under-discussed but material aspect of the job; namely, how lifestyle journalists undertake issues of host ... more

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The murder of Gerry Ortega: Justice delayed, justice denied

Jos Midas Bartman

Free Press Unlimited; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); Reporters Without Borders (2022), 30 pp.

"The murder of Gerry Ortega is indicative of structural problems concerning the safety of journalists in the Philippines; while the hitmen are often arrested, the powerful masterminds behind the killings of journalists often evade justice. Gerry Ortega was a prominent broadcast journalist and enviro ... more

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A critical analysis of journalists’ freedom of expression and access to information while reporting on COVID-19 issues: A case of selected Arab countries

Miral Sabry AlAshry

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, volume 20, issue 2 (2022), pp. 193-212

"The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which Arab Governments limited freedom of expression and access to information for journalists while they reported on COVID-19-related issues. Design/methodology/approach: Focus group discussions were conducted with 20 journalists from Egypt ... more

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UNESCO’s Judges’ Initiative: Training the Custodians of the Legal System on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and the Safety of Journalists

Guilherme Canela, Namara Burki, Samrita Menon

Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, volume 25, issue 1 (2022), pp. 54-76

"Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Within the framework of international human rights law, the right to freedom of expression particularly stands out, as it constitutes a pre-requisite for the fulfilment of other fundamental rights. In this regard, ... more

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Making the Invisible Visible. Guideline 3: An Intersectional Gender Guide to Protection Training

Article 19 (2022), 20 pp.

"This document is the second of a set of three practical guidelines that provide recommendations for considering an intersectional gender approach when: monitoring and documenting attacks against journalists and social communicators (Guideline 1); advocating on emblematic cases for advocacy (Guideli ... more

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An Intersectional Analysis of U.S. Journalists’ Experiences With Hostile Sources

Kelsey Mesmer

Journalism & Communication Monographs, volume 24, issue 3 (2022), pp. 156-216

"Given rising hostility toward journalists in the United States, this monograph illuminates how journalists experience hostility from news sources. Drawing on 38 in-depth interviews with U.S. journalists, this project uses the theory of intersectionality to understand how journalists experienced hos ... more

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Can Journalists Be Safe in a Violent World?

Silvio Waisbord

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2022), pp. 1948-1954

"The safety of journalists is one of the most formidable challenges for press freedom and democracy around the world. The problem is the result of the juxtaposition of various forms of violence that break journalists’ sense of security and autonomy – the ability to control and decide the paramet ... more

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The Assassination of Sardasht Osman: Debunking the Official Story

Free Press Unlimited; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); Reporters Without Borders (2022), 42 pp.

"Sardasht Osman was a courageous and talented 23-year-old citizen journalist, who wrote about corruption and political mismanagement within the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) in a period of political upheaval. On 13 December 2009, Sardasht wrote a satirical article accusing the family of Presiden ... more

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Evaluation of Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists in Nigeria

Olushola Mary Okpodu

American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, volume 6, issue 2 (2022), pp. 125-133

"The freedom of expression and Journalists* safety, as well as other media practitioners have become an issue of debate on press freedom and the working condition of reporters following untoward development on the media space which has become a preoccupation with journalism professional organization ... more

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Assessment of Media Development in Ethiopia: Based on UNESCO's Media Development Indicators

Mulatu Alemayehu Moges, Dagim Afework Mekonnen et al.

Paris; Addis Ababa: UNESCO (2022), 131 pp.

"In a country like Ethiopia which is rich in languages, politics, cultures, and values and which experiences an exponentially growing population, media and the access to plural information is crucial for peace and development. This study finds, however, that the number of media and the diversity of ... more

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From State Repression to Fear of Non-State Actors: Examining Emerging Threats of Journalism Practice in Ethiopia

Téwodros W. Workneh

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2022), pp. 1909-1926

"Non-state media journalists in Ethiopia traditionally faced safety threats emanating from state-sponsored attacks and punitive legal frameworks. Recently, however, state hostility is being replaced by non-state actors’ aggression against journalists. By framing emerging threats of reporters’ sa ... more

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Reporting the Covid-19 Pandemic: Trauma on Our Own Doorstep

Stephen Jukes, Karen Fowler-Watt, Gavin Rees

Digital Journalism, volume 10, issue 6 (2022), pp. 997-1014

"The political and media rhetoric of the pandemic is that of conflict and a call to arms in face of a hidden enemy. But this is not a distant war where journalists are parachuted in to report on the action for a few weeks and then fly home. It is on our own doorstep. Many of those covering the globa ... more

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Protecting journalists from harassment: Comparing existing protection mechanisms and the effects on democracy

Alice Baroni, Leen d’Haenens, Wai Han Lo

In: Success and failure in news media performance: Comparative analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021

Josef Trappel, Tales Tomaz (eds.)

Gothenburg: Nordicom (2022), pp. 59-77

"There is a quickly increasing body of studies and reports on harassment and intimidation of journalists around the world. These series of acts have a chilling effect on media freedom and journalists’ freedom of expression. The research literature on the topic has mostly focused on intimidation an ... more

The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists Top Insights

The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists
Top Insights