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505
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Topics
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
224
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
133
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
85
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
74
Female Journalists & Media Workers
72
Self-Censorship
46
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
35
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
31
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
30
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
25
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
21
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
19
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
16
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
12
Censorship
11
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
10
Investigative Journalism
10
Crime & Violence Reporting
9
Journalism Education & Training
9
Media Law & Regulation
8
War Reporting
7
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
7
COVID-19 Communication
7
Local Journalism
7
Election Reporting
7
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
7
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
7
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
6
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
6
Foreign Correspondents
6
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
6
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
6
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
5
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
4
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
4
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
4
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
4
Journalistic Social Media Use
4
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
4
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
4
Journalism
4
Editorial Independence
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
3
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
3
Social Media in Political Communication
3
Countering Defamation & Harassment
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Journalism Education Curricula
3
Photojournalism
3
Media Assistance
3
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Populism
3
Corruption & Combating Corruption
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
2
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Community Radios
2
Boko Haram
2
Transitional Justice Reporting
2
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
2
Media Criticism
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
2
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
2
Journalists
2
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
2
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
2
Political Reporting
2
Television Journalism
2
Local Communication & Media
2
Human Rights Protection
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
2
Military
2
Police
2
Democracy / Democratization and Media
2
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
2
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Islamist Communications & Media
2
Disappeared People, Missing People
2
Networks & Networking
2
Open Data
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Election Campaigns
1
Catholic Media
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Crisis Communication
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
Terrorism
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Theatre
1
Digital Media Startups
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Social Media
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Minority Journalists
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Humanitarian Law
1
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Bias in News Media
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Health Journalism
1
History of Journalism
1
History of the Press
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Council of Europe
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
Newsroom Management
1
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Local Television
1
International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Transitional Justice
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Extremism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Parliaments
1
Politics and Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Human Security
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
Rohingya
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This article examines the lived experiences of conflict reporters to unpick the pitfalls and perseverance in journalism practice in dangerous places. It uses the case of covering the Boko Haram conflict to unpack the risks journalists encounter in reporting on violent extremism. Drawing on individu ... more
"The transformations in the media and political landscapes in Egypt over the last decade and their implications on media pluralism and freedom of expression are well documented. However, less is known about how Egyptian journalists themselves experience these changes; how their relationships with au ... more
"Grounded in the intersections of culture, gender and occupation, this paper explores the challenges and barriers faced by “elite” Pakistani women working in a journalistic profession steeped in male dominance shaped by patriarchal values. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with nine ... more
"This study explores contemporary journalists’ autonomy and role in the Ethiopian contested media practice by taking journalists working in Amhara Media Corporation (AMC). A qualitative research approach was used to collect data from journalists and admin staff. For triangulation, this study combi ... more
"Anti-press sentiment based on negative emotions of disgust and hatred has prevailed in Korea since the mid-2010s. Through in-depth interviews with ten journalists working for Korean news organizations, supplemented with an analysis of self-reflective articles, this study investigates how journalist ... more
"Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N*=*1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab ... more
"In 2019, 51 people were killed in terror attacks at two mosques in Christchurch, a city on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand with a population of around 400,000 people. It was the deadliest mass shooting in the country’s history and the first terror attack of its kind on home soil ... more
"This second volume focuses on primary trauma experienced by journalists, with a particular focus on the gendered dimensions, as shared by female journalists and researchers. By focusing on female journalists’ firsthand encounters, the book explores the complex psychological, emotional, and profes ... more
"This study investigates the motivations for the hostility towards the press by the audience and how to control online harassment of journalists in Nigeria. Data for this study are from online and face-to-face semi-structured interviews of 54 Nigerians in Nigeria. Finding shows that perceived journa ... more
"This study examines the online harassment faced by political journalists in Pakistan on Twitter, specifically focusing on the actions of users affiliated with various political parties. By selecting the 12 most active journalists on Twitter, we combined both content and textual analyses to examine ... more
"In March 2023, a Zimbabwean government official caused a storm after threatening journalists with arrests for reporting on an Al Jazeera documentary that exposed alleged money laundering, gold smuggling and other criminal activities in the country. Journalists and media groups interpreted these utt ... more
"This article discusses online harassment against women journalists exploring self-reported incidents, effects, and trust in safety mechanisms. Drawing on twenty-five semi-structured interviews of women journalists in Portugal, we use a feminist and critical realist framework to explore the causal s ... more
"The chapter examines the cost of dissent in a governance system that is structured by ‘political marketplace.’ Informed by Alex de Waal ‘political marketplace’ conceptual framework and employing a phenomenological approach, the chapter chronicles the lived experiences of nine independent jo ... more
"Journalism, particularly in conflict reporting, poses significant emotional challenges, with journalists often grappling with post-traumatic stress disorder and other traumas. This research delves into the emotional dimensions of journalistic practice, examining journalists’ perspectives on menta ... more

Media Freedom and Safety of Journalists in South Asian Countries: An Overview

In: Handbook of Digital Journalism: Perspectives from South Asia
Cham: Springer (2024), pp. 565-575
"In the digital world, every profession has seen a massive transformation in terms of working mechanisms, approaches to the problem, dealing with prospects, moving forward to conceptualising the solution and so on. Likewise, the media field has also seen a massive transformation. The working pattern ... more
"The media sector expanded after the multiparty system’s reintroduction in the 1990s in Malawi. The growth has been enabled by a legal environment in which the Constitution guarantees freedom of expression and the press. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land, meaning that all the laws th ... more
"The global importance of the press and freedom of speech in promoting democracy, good governance, and human development is widely recognized. Unfortunately, despite being crucial for the advancement of democracy, violence against journalists in Indonesia and other countries continues to increase. I ... more
"The coronavirus pandemic brought immense challenges to journalists worldwide, including new threats to media freedom, journalism safety and practice. The impact of the pandemic on journalism is yet to be fully understood and examined but this paper contributes to the field by focusing on the impact ... more
"Amid growing concern over harassment and intimidation targeting journalists, scholarly attention to their occurrence and implications has mushroomed. One aspect of these phenomena that often gets overlooked is that not all journalists seem equally targeted or affected. Applying ordinal regression a ... more