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Journals
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From Novelty to Normalization? How Journalists Use the Term “Fake News” in their Reporting
Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 10 (2020), pp. 1323-1343
"During recent years, worries about fake news have been a salient aspect of mediated debates. However, the ubiquitous and fuzzy usage of the term in news reporting has led more and more scholars and other public actors to call for its abandonment in public discourse altogether. Given this status as
...
How to lose the information war: Russia, fake news, and the future of conflict
London: Tauris (2020), xxvii, 259 pp.
"Since the start of the Trump era, the United States and the Western world has finally begun to wake up to the threat of online warfare and the attacks from Russia. The question no one seems to be able to answer is: what can the West do about it? Central and Eastern European states, however, have be
...
Breaking Harmony Square: A Game That “Inoculates” Against Political Misinformation
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 8 (2020), 26 pp.
"We present Harmony Square, a short, free-to-play online game in which players learn how political misinformation is produced and spread. We find that the game confers psychological resistance against manipulation techniques commonly used in political misinformation: players from around the world fi
...
Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories
London; New York: Routledge (2020), xx, 680 pp.
"Taking a global and interdisciplinary approach, the Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories provides a comprehensive overview of conspiracy theories as an important social, cultural and political phenomenon in contemporary life. This handbook provides the most complete analysis of the phenomenon
...
Fake News: Understanding Media and Misinformation in the Digital Age
Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press (2020), xi, 395 pp.
Assessing Digital Threats to Democracy, and Workable Solutions: A Review of the Recent Literature
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 2589-2610
"Concerns surrounding the threats that digital platforms pose to the functioning of Western liberal democracies have grown since the 2016 U.S. election. Yet despite a preponderance of academic work in this area, the precise nature of these threats, empirical solutions for their redress, and their re
...
Verschwörungserzählungen
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2020), 16 pp.
Disinfodemic: Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation
Key Guides
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 16 pp.
"COVID-19 disinformation creates confusion about medical science with immediate impact on every person on the planet, and upon whole societies. It is more toxic and more deadly than disinformation about other subjects. That is why this policy brief coins the term disinfodemic. Using this frame, the
...
Using Misinformation as a Political Weapon: COVID-19 and Bolsonaro in Brazil
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 2 (2020), 8 pp.
"With over 30,000 confirmed cases, Brazil is currently the country most affected by COVID-19 in Latin America, and ranked 12th worldwide. Despite all evidence, a strong rhetoric undermining risks associated to COVID-19 has been endorsed at the highest levels of the Brazilian government, making Presi
...
Report on the Facebook Third-Party Fact-Checking Programme
London: Full Fact (2020), 33 pp.
"Full Fact first started working with Facebook on the Third-Party Fact-Checking programme in January 2019. When we joined the programme we committed to reporting regularly on its operation. Our first report, published in July 2019, covered January to June 2019.1 This second report details our experi
...
Tackling Disinformation: EU Regulation of the Digital Space
Romanian Journal of European Affairs, volume 20, issue 1 (2020), pp. 5-20
"This paper provides an overview of current responses to fake news and digital disinformation inside and outside the EU, and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Four approaches emerge: (1) self-regulation (i.e. actions undertaken on a voluntary basis by the digital platforms)
...
Defending freedom of expression: Fake news laws in East and Southeast Asia
Deep Insights
Bangkog; Manila: Asia Centre; Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD). (2020), 61 pp.
"This report compares the impact of legislation in countries with multiparty legislatures and independent government institutions, and countries with one dominant political force and an absence of independent national institutions. It finds that in the former countries, provisions are included to sa
...
Understanding the Infodemic and Misinformation in the Fight Against COVID-19
Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2020), 6 pp.
"Misinformation is false or inaccurate information deliberately intended to deceive. In the context of the current pandemic, it can greatly affect all aspects of life, especifically people’s mental health, since searching for COVID-19 updates on the Internet has jumped 50% –70% across all genera
...
“Anything That Causes Chaos”: The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)
Journal of Communication, volume 70, issue 5 (2020), pp. 623-645
"RT (formerly, Russia Today) is one of the most important organizations in the global political economy of disinformation. It is the most richly funded, well-staffed, formal organization in the world producing, disseminating, and marketing news in the service of the Kremlin. It is an agency accused
...
Cómo combatir la desinformación: Estrategias de empoderamiento de la ciudadanía digital
Barcelona: Digital Future Society (2020), 67 pp.
"Partiendo de la premisa de que se puede y se debe empoderar a la ciudadanía si se mejora la producción, el consumo y la circulación de la información, este informe analiza en profundidad dos cuestiones: ¿Qué instrumentos, iniciativas y políticas actuales ayudan a la ciudadanía a formarse un
...
"The study's findings, based on survey responses and interviews, point towards the poor quality of fact-checking practices in Pakistani newsrooms and stress the urgent need of introducing media literacy trainings to journalists and media practitioners." (Executive summary)
Help Stop the Spread of Disinformation! A Guide and 10-Point Checklist to Help People Think Before They Link
Institute for Public Relations (2020), 6 pp.
"Advancements in technology have made it difficult for people to discern real posts, sites, or videos from fake ones. To help, IPR has created “10 Ways to Identify Disinformation—A Checklist” to help people think before they link: 1. Who is the author or source? 2. How current is the source? 3
...
The Hype Machine: How Social Media Disrupts Our Elections, Our Economy, and Our Health - and How We Must Adapt
London: HarperCollins (2020), xv, 390 pp.
"It is paramount, MIT social media expert Sinan Aral says, that we recognize the outsized impact social media has on our culture, our democracy, and our lives in order to steer today's social technology toward good, while avoiding the ways it can pull us apart. Otherwise, we could fall victim to wha
...
Fake News, Framing, Fact-Checking: Nachrichten im digitalen Zeitalter. Ein Handbuch
Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 569 pp.
"Digitale Kanäle wie Youtube, Facebook oder Instagram, Künstliche Intelligenz, Fake-News-Vorwürfe und zunehmend fragmentierte Publikumsinteressen haben das Format Nachricht ebenso verändert wie das journalistische Handwerk und die Nachrichtenrezeption. Was bedeutet dieser grundlegende Wandel fü
...
