Toolbox Campaigning, Advocacy, PR

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Assessing the Effectiveness of Online Facebook Campaigns Targeting Potential Irregular Migrants: A Pilot Study in Three West African Countries

Esther Haarman, Jasper Tjaden, Gustavo López

Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2020), 41 pp.

"Studies have shown that many irregular migrants embark on journeys without accurate or complete information about migration. In response, IOM and other organizations run information campaigns intended to inform potential migrants of the dangers associated with irregular migration and to facilitate ... informed decisions. The use of online and social media platforms for these campaigns has become increasingly popular in recent years, due to their potential for quickly reaching millions of people at low cost. While the evidence base for offline information campaigns has been gradually improving, it remains unclear how online communication campaigns affect potential migrants, and methodologies to do this remain underdeveloped. This report therefore presents results from a pilot impact assessment of an online campaign based on Facebook posts in Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal during September 2019 and February 2020 [.] Conclusion: Facebook ad campaigns can reach many people quickly. However, large audience sizes and relatively cheap costs come with a trade-off. The impact of an information campaign on potential migrants’ perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and behaviour remains largely unknown because many Facebook users that engage with the campaign do not fit the intended target group. The advantage of offline over online campaigns is that implementers have more control and information about who attends activities or who is exposed to campaign content. The engagement of users with campaign posts varies largely by audience and post characteristics. Campaign and social media teams are well advised to conduct pilot tests before scaling up activities. Pilot tests can inform a customized approach for each online activity on Facebook, and thereby maximize impact. In addition to A/B tests, lift tests may offer a useful opportunity to test the impact of Facebook posts. Compared to impact assessments of offline information campaigns, measuring the impact of Facebook ads on potential migrants presents several unique challenges, including: Many potential migrants are not on Facebook or do not use ad content to seek information about migration. Internet connectivity is also limited in many West African countries. While Facebook allows users to narrow down target groups, it is not clear whether those Facebook users that are exposed to the content fit the profile of potential migrants. Whether the intended target group is reached can be affirmed only through surveys, which have a low response rate; It is not possible to interview the same Facebook users several times to track changes in their perceptions. Engagement metrics like post reactions, link clicks or video plays can be useful indicators. However, these low-engagement metrics do not offer clear evidence of the short- or long-term effects on Facebook users." (Executive summary) more

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Independent Media Depend on You: Research Report

CESID

USAID; IREX; Agency Communis (2020), 19 pp.

"The research on audience behavior and the effects of Free Media Advocacy Campaign was conducted on a sample of 1,000 respondents, 25 to 55 years of age, and focused on the citizens’ viewpoint towards paying for media content (with the possibility of comparison to 2019 research) and evaluation of ... the campaign “Independent Media Depend on You” (IREX and Agency Communis). In terms of media consumption, respondents from 2019 generally spent more time with media than in the 2020 research. In addition, it is noticeable that respondents in both research cycles spent more time watching television and listening to the radio. The average time respondents spent per day watching television in 2020 was 108.6 minutes, while in 2019 the average time spent watching this media was 161.4 minutes. The average time respondents spent listening to the radio in the research conducted in 2020 is the same as the time spent watching TV (108.6 minutes), while in 2019, radio was the media respondents spent the most time listening to – 166.8 minutes. Social networks are the third most used media in terms of time spent on them per day (average time for 2020 – 87.6 minutes; average time for 2019 – 126.6 minutes). In fourth place are informative online portals and sites, while fifth place is print media with which respondents spend the least time per day (average time – 27 minutes). When it comes to citizens’ trust in media, it is evident that in both research cycles there is a greater distrust than a trust in the media, and this fits in the broader picture of citizen’s distrust in all civil society institutions. A total of 43% of respondents generally do not trust the media in Serbia at all – in 2020, while in 2019 the percentage was lower by two points (41%). On the other hand, a total of 22% of respondents stated that they have full confidence and that they mostly have trust in Serbian media, which is one percentage point more than in the research conducted in 2019. About a third of respondents had a neutral stance about trust in media (31% in 2020, 33% in 2019). A large percentage of respondents were not willing to pay for online content, however, when compared with 2019’s findings, SMS noticed that the willingness to pay for online content is more noticeable in 2020." (Summary) more

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Developing an advocacy campaign

Project on Middle East and Democracy (POMED) (2020), 4 pp.

"Developing and executing a successful advocacy campaign is not always an easy task. Advocacy goals can be hard to quantify and may require a large base of supporters and a relatively long timeframe. But a well developed, flexible advocacy strategy can help you anticipate obstacles and respond more ... more

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M&E Tools for Advocacy Work

Nigel Simister, Jenny Ross

INTRAC (2020), 7 pp.

"Many different tools and methodologies can be used to support advocacy work. Some are designed specifically for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) purposes. Others are designed to support the planning and management of advocacy interventions, but can be used or adapted for M&E purposes. CSOs often emp ... more

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Digital Citizenship Toolkit
Key Guides

Nalaka Gunawardene (ed.)

MinorMatters; National Christian Evangelical Alliance of Sri Lanka (2020), xiv, 185 pp.

"This Digital Citizenship Toolkit (DCT) is an attempt to introduce key concepts related to digital citizenship while taking into account the local socio-economic realities, technology adoption patterns, societal actions and other considerations. For young people, in particular, the demarcation betwe ... more

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Behavioral Science Tips for COVID-19 Communications

Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU); University of Pennsylvania, Center for Health Incentives & Behavioral Economics; Ideas42.org (2020), 2 pp.

"Human behavior plays a central role in reducing the spread of coronavirus. Communication by government entities and other trusted sources about desirable or mandated behaviors during the pandemic is critical. As policymakers, funders, and program staff, it is our responsibility to ensure that commu ... more

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Construire une stratégie de plaidoyer: De l'analyse au suivi-évaluation. Boîte à outils à destination des organisations de la société civile

Anaïs Saint-Gal, Marine Gauthier

Paris: Sidaction (2020), 75 pp.

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Disability: Out in the Open. A Handbook for Civil Society Organisations Seeking to Promote the Best Interests of Disabled People
Key Guides

Mike Jempson (comp.)

Media Diversity Institute; Macedonian Institute for Media; National Council of Persons with Disability Organizations of Macedonia (NSIOM) (2020), 78 pp.

"This handbook aims at helping Macedonian CSOs that work with people with disabilities to deal with some of the challenges they face on daily basis: the absence of quality reporting on people with disabilities; the perception of people with disabilities which is often burdened with negative stereoty ... more

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Conseils pratiques: Les étapes d’un plaidoyer efficace

EuroMed Rights (2020), 13 pp.

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Keeping Girls in the Picture: Community Radio Toolkit
Key Guides

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 41 pp.

"We hope this toolkit will support you in creating exciting and memorable content for community radio programmes wherever you are. This toolkit contains the messages and facts from the global campaign. It has not been tailored for any specific region, country or area. We count on you to consider how ... more

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Digital Advocacy Toolkit
Key Guides

Neema Iyer

Kampala: Pollicy (2020), 23 pp.

"To conduct digital advocacy effectively, one needs to have a clear plan in mind, a good understanding of the target audience, and a clear picture of the intended results. Explore our digital advocacy toolkit for effective and efficient digital advocacy campaigns." (https://pollicy.org)

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Le guide pratique de plaidoyer pour les jeunes

Antananarivo (Madagascar): Observatoire des jeunes citoyens engagés pour une gouvernance plus inclusive, efficace et apaisée (OBS-MADA); MSIS Tatao; Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD); Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports (MJS) (2020), 34 pp.

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Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) Demand Reduction Guidebook

RTI International

USAID Wildlife Asia; FHI 360 (2020), 69 pp.

"This Guidebook provides simple, easy-to-follow steps on how to use a social behavior change communication (SBCC) approach to plan, implement, and evaluate campaigns to reduce demand for wildlife products. To facilitate understanding and application, each step is illustrated by a case example from t ... more

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Migration and Communication: Information and Awareness-Raising Campaigns in Countries of Origin and Transit. Austrian National EMN Conference 2019 Briefing Paper

Vienna: European Migration Network, National Contact Point Austria (2020), 6 pp.

"Information and awareness-raising campaigns for (potential) migrants in third countries constitute a central element of current migration strategies, both at the European and national level. However, little is known about the impact of these campaigns and how they influence migratory behaviour. Inf ... ormation and behaviour change: In light of these limitations, we can learn from findings of rigorous evaluations in other fields, such as behavioural economics, and apply those to how information and awareness-raising can influence behaviour. Therefore, information and awareness-raising campaigns must be built on a contextual understanding of how people form beliefs and expectations and how these are transformed into decisions. Randomized evaluations: Researchers, donors, EU Institutions and Member States are increasingly aware of the importance of creating rigorous evidence and using this evidence to inform policy decisions. To isolate the impact of information and awareness-raising campaigns on migratory behaviour, randomized evaluations are being implemented by some selected researchers and institutions. Lessons learned: Evaluations presented during the conference indicate that peer-to-peer information campaigns have the potential to raise awareness about the risks and opportunities associated with migration. Another example shows that information on the chances of obtaining a legal status in Europe impacts the inclination to migrate. Rigorous evaluations also shed light on how information campaigns compare against other policy interventions, such as providing economic opportunities at the local level. Most evaluations find that migrants and potential migrants respond to reliable and trustworthy information. Social networks: Beside rigorours evidence, which is still rare, qualitative evaluations suggest that campaigns should be built on trust: this can be achieved by using personal or peer-to-peer communication channels, a positive narrative, and messages of legal alternatives rather than deterrence. Finally, in order to create contextappropriate messages and to identify the right target group, diaspora communities and local experts are important stakeholders in the design and implementation of campaigns." (Main take-aways, page 2) more

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Harnessing the Power of Social Media: Digital Disruption of Human Trafficking in Lithuanian Communities;Socialines žiniasklaidos Svarba: Kova Su Prekyba žmonemis Skaitmenineje Erdveje Lietuviu Bendruomenese

London: Stop the Traffik; Humankind Research (2020), 24 pp.

"During 2019, together with key Lithuanian partners KOPŽI and Missing Persons Families Support Centre, we developed and implemented a prevention campaign to raise awareness of the labour exploitation of Lithuanian people in the UK or those considering travelling to the UK to find work. The campaign ... more

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Advocacy Capacity Toolbox for Resilience

Partners for Resilience (2020), 28 pp.

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The Impact Field Guide and Toolkit: From Art to Impact [in Arabic]
Key Guides

Sahar Driver

London et al.: Doc Society, 2nd ed. (2019), 238 pp.

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Advocacy Action Guide: A Toolkit for Strategic Policy Advocacy Campaigns

Consumers International (2019), 116 pp.

"The guide covers a broad range of topics – from identifying clear policies objectives to concluding a campaign. It has been designed to provide both an overview of a policy advocacy campaign, as well as more specific information and tools on key elements. Depending on your needs and resources, yo ... more

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WorldCat (53)

Comunicar lo local: Estrategias electorales y de gobierno en el ámbito local

Gonzalo Arias, Lucas Doldan

Buenos Aires: La Crujía (2019), 110 pp.

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Google Scholar (54)

WorldCat (56)

Documentary Resistance: Social Change and Participatory Media

Angela J. Aguayo

New York: Oxford University Press (2019), xiii, 280 pp.

"The potential of documentary moving images to foster democratic exchange has been percolating within media production culture for the last century, and now, with mobile cameras at our fingertips and broadcasts circulating through unpredictable social networks, the documentary impulse is coming into ... more

Digital Citizenship Toolkit Key Guides

Disability: Out in the Open. A Handbook for Civil Society Organisations Seeking to Promote the Best Interests of Disabled People Key Guides

Keeping Girls in the Picture: Community Radio Toolkit Key Guides

Digital Advocacy Toolkit Key Guides

The Impact Field Guide and Toolkit: From Art to Impact [in Arabic] Key Guides

Digital Citizenship Toolkit
Key Guides

Disability: Out in the Open. A Handbook for Civil Society Organisations Seeking to Promote the Best Interests of Disabled People
Key Guides

Keeping Girls in the Picture: Community Radio Toolkit
Key Guides

Digital Advocacy Toolkit
Key Guides

The Impact Field Guide and Toolkit: From Art to Impact [in Arabic]
Key Guides