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Misinformation technology: Internet use and political misperceptions in Africa

Joel Cariolle, Yasmine Elkhateeb, Mathilde Maurel

Journal of Comparative Economics, volume 52, issue 2 (2024), pp. 400-433

"The use of the Internet to access news has an impact on African citizens’ perceptions of democracy. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Afrobarometer survey across 35 African countries over the period 2011–2018, along with an instrumental variable approach, allows addressing potential ... more

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Debunking and exposing misinformation among fringe communities: Testing source exposure and debunking anti-Ukrainian misinformation among German fringe communities

Johannes Christiern Santos Okholm, Amir Ebrahimi Fard, Marijn ten Thij

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 5, issue 1 (2024), 13 pp.

"Through an online field experiment, we test traditional and novel counter-misinformation strategies among fringe communities. Though generally effective, traditional strategies have not been tested in fringe communities, and do not address the online infrastructure of misinformation sources support ... more

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“It Was Very Hard for Me to Keep Doing That Job”: Understanding Troll Farm’s Working in the Arab World

Marina Ayeb, Tiziano Bonini

Social Media + Society, volume 10, issue 1 (2024), 10 pp.

"This article investigates the production culture and routines of “troll farms” in three Arab countries—Tunisia, Egypt, and Iraq—from a production studies approach. A production studies approach enables us to focus on the working conditions of paid trolls. We employed qualitative methods to ... more

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Youth Media Literacy Fact-Checking Manual

Africa Check; Internwes; Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA) (2024), 31 pp.

"This dis- and misinformation fact-checking toolkit was developed by Africa Check for young journalism students and members of NGOs and CSOs with a focus on youth-led organisations. It aims to equip members of the youth with the knowledge and practical tips to stop the spread of false information. T ... more

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Populism Fuels Hate Speech and Disinformation: Evidence From Political Discourse on X (Formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan

Shabir Hussain, Qamar Abbas, Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5694-5713

"This study discusses the relationship among the various dimensions of populism, hate speech, and disinformation within the political discourse on X (formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan. Employing manual content analysis, we examined 7,141 posts from both populist and non-populist political lead ... more

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Mapping a Surge of Disinformation in Africa

Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Studies, March 13 (2024)

"Disinformation campaigns have targeted every region of the continent. At least 39 African countries have been the target of a specific disinformation campaign. Disinformation tends to be concentrated. Half of the countries subjected to disinformation (20 of the 39) have been targeted three or more ... times, up from just seven countries meeting that threshold in 2022. African countries experiencing conflict are subject to much greater levels of disinformation—facing a median of 5 campaigns– highlighting the connection between instability and disinformation. Countries confronting disinformation typically face multiple disinformation actors. At times, these actors amplify one another’s misleading narratives, while at others, they clash or stay in separate lanes. Nearly 60 percent of disinformation campaigns on the continent are foreign state-sponsored—with Russia, China, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Qatar as the primary sponsors. Russia continues to be the primary purveyor of disinformation in Africa, sponsoring 80 documented campaigns, targeting more than 22 countries. This represents nearly 40 percent of all disinformation campaigns in Africa. These 80 campaigns have reached many millions of users through tens of thousands of coordinated fake pages and posts. Aggressively leveraging disinformation is a mainstay of Russia’s use of irregular channels to gain influence in Africa. Russia has promulgated disinformation to undermine democracy in at least 19 African countries, contributingto the continent’s backsliding on this front. African elections provide prime opportunities for disinformation. Some employ mercenary disinfo-ops teams. One private Israeli group, dubbed “Team Jorge,” has reportedly implemented disinformation campaigns to disrupt over 20 African elections since 2015. Domestic actors have also increasingly integrated disinformation into their political playbooks, notably during Kenya’s 2022 and Nigeria’s 2023 election. African countries that uphold presidential term limits (i.e., those with stronger checks and balances) are less exposed to foreign sponsored disinformation, with an average of 1.5 campaigns compared to an average of over 3 campaigns for countries without term limits. This underscores the common aim of foreign disinformation to prop up authoritarian actors." (Highlights) more

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A Literature Review on Detecting, Verifying, and Mitigating Online Misinformation

Arezo Bodaghi, Ketra A. Schmitt, Pierre Watine, Benjamin C. M. Fung

IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, volume 11, issue 4 (2024), pp. 5119-5145

"This survey focuses on six key aspects related to misinformation: 1) clarify the definition of misinformation to differentiate it from intentional forms of false information; 2) categorize proposed approaches to manage misinformation into three types: detection, verification, and mitigation; 3) rev ... more

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Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges

Sacha Altay, Manon Berriche, Acerbi Alberto

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 1 (2023), 13 pp.

"Alarmist narratives about online misinformation continue to gain traction despite evidence that its prevalence and impact are overstated. Drawing on research examining the use of big data in social science and reception studies, we identify six misconceptions about misinformation and highlight the ... more

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Combate à desinformação sobre a Amazônia legal e seus defensores

Viviane Tavares (coord.)

São Paulo: Intervozes (2023), 59 pp.

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Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data
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Zurich: International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) (2023), 70 pp.

"This Synthesis Report examines the effectiveness of countermeasures against misinformation on social media platforms, focusing on the two most examined remedies: content labeling and corrective information interventions. A meta-analysis is a research process for synthesizing and aggregating the fin ... more

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Eleições, direitos digitais e desinformação: Desafios e aprendizagens a partir da experiência brasileira em 2022

Anna Bentes

Derechos Digitales (2023), 128 pp.

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How Disinformation on WhatsApp Went From Campaign Weapon to Governmental Propaganda in Brazil

Joao V. S. Ozawa, Samuel C. Woolley, Joseph Straubhaar, Martin J. Riedl, Katie Joseff, Jacob Gursky

Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 1 (2023), 11 pp.

"The popular encrypted messaging and chat app WhatsApp played a key role in the election of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. The present study builds on this knowledge and showcases how the app continued to be used in a governmental operation spreading false and misleading information pop ... more

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An Underestimated Threat: Gendered Disinformation about Ukrainian Women Journalists

Liza Kuzmenko, Larysa Kompantseva

Women in Media; European Center for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF) (2023), 51 pp.

"Russia uses a strategy of gendered disinformation in Ukraine to silence women journalists and create a certain negative image of gender equality and the role of women in democratic societies. Online violence can take on a variety of worms: doxxing, sectoring, trolling, cyberstalking, threats of vio ... more

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Evaluation finale: « Projet renforcement de la résilience communautaire à la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre du Mali »

Sékou Doumbia, Zoumana Kone

Search for Common Ground (2023), 57 pp.

"Les objectifs du projet cadrent bien avec un certain nombre de politiques ou stratégies comme décrit dans le présent rapport. A titre d’exemple, on citer la politique nationale de lutte contre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme violent dans son Pilier 1, ainsi que la stratégie nationale de la r ... more

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Defunding Disinformation in the Balkans: How International Brands Support Russia’s Agenda

Brussels: Balkan Free Media Initiative (BFMI); CRTA (2023), 39 pp.

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Desinformação e a campanha contra a imprensa: Análise do ecosistema de mídias e propaganda digital multiplataforma

Rose Marie Santini, Marcio Borges

NetLab; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) (2023), 56 slides

"Uma campanha anti-imprensa permanente força e acelera a perda de credibilidade da mídia profissional. Os ataques são orquestrados e contam com um ecossistema de desinformação bem estruturado e auto-sustentável. A campanha é financiada por políticos de pequena expressão e veículos de junk. ... more

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Unsocial media: Tracing and exposing gendered disinformation in Kosovo

National Democratic Institute (NDI); USAID; UNDP Kosovo (2023), 23 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to trace and detect gendered disinformation, a concerning trend in the dissemination of news and information through social and online media platforms. Disproportionate targeting based on gender and sexual orientation, especially those in the public eye like politician ... more

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Preserving trust in democracy: The Brazilian Superior Electoral Court's quest to tackle disinformation in elections

Rafael Rubio, Vitor de Andrade Monteiro

South African Journal of International Affairs, volume 30, issue 3 (2023), pp. 497-520

"Trust is the foundation on which democracy is built. Not coincidentally, it is the main victim of attacks by disinformation merchants bent on undermining the electoral process and the democratic environment. This article outlines the efforts of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE) to tackle ... more

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Ciências da Comunicação contra a Desinformação

Nair Prata, Hendryo André, Silvio Simão de Matos (eds.)

São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (2023), 271 pp.

"Fruto do Ciclo de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação, atividade integrante do 45° Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, a obra reúne pontos de vista convergentes, complementares e antagônicos sobre o tema desinformação. Além de uma versão textual da conferência de abe ... more

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Der regionale Blick. Medien in Tatarstan und Baschkortostan und Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine

Sebastian Cwiklinski

Russland-Analysen, issue 441 (2023), pp. 13-18

"Der Beitrag analysiert die Berichterstattung über den Angriffskrieg gegen die Ukraine in den russischen Teilrepubliken Tatarstan und Baschkortostan, welche sich beide durch die starke Präsenz von turksprachigen Bevölkerungsgruppen auszeichnen. Die Medienanalyse ergab, dass die Berichterstattung ... more

Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data Top Insights

Platform Responses to Misinformation: A Meta-Analysis of Data
Top Insights