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Output Type
Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO; Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
...
Countering Misinformation: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Implications of Current Interventions
Deep Insights
European Psychologist, volume 28, issue 3 (2023), pp. 189-205
"This paper provides researchers and policymakers with an overview of which individual-level interventions are likely to influence the spread of, susceptibility to, or impact of misinformation. We review the evidence for the effectiveness of four categories of interventions: boosting (psychological
...
Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges
Social Media + Society, volume 9, issue 1 (2023), 13 pp.
"Alarmist narratives about online misinformation continue to gain traction despite evidence that its prevalence and impact are overstated. Drawing on research examining the use of big data in social science and reception studies, we identify six misconceptions about misinformation and highlight the
...
Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
...
The effect of communication and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic
European Parliament (2023), 78 pp.
"This study analyses how governments, public health experts and other professionals communicated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of these communication strategies. It investigates COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation practices, and how these practices were addressed in the Europea
...
Promoting Conspiracy Theory: From AIDS to COVID-19
Deep Insights
Global Public Health, volume 18, issue 1 (2023), 13 pp.
"Public health advocates in the US and South Africa emphasise that many of the vaccine hesitant are not hardened conspiracy theorists, may have reasonable fears about side-effects and are potentially open to persuasion, especially if their concerns are taken seriously by interlocuters they trust. Bu
...
The Psychological Impacts and Message Features of Health Misinformation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
European Psychologist, volume 28, issue 3 (2023), pp. 162-172
"What does health misinformation look like, and what is its impact? We conducted a systematic review of 45 articles containing 64 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 37,552) on the impact of health misinformation on behaviors and their psychological antecedents. We applied a planetary health per
...
Regulating misleading political advertising on online platforms: An example of regulatory mercantilism in digital policy
Policy Studies, volume 45, issue 5 (2023), pp. 730–749
"Since its Joint Communication on Hybrid Threats, the EU has publicly recognized the risks to its security posed by non-traditional means aimed at undermining its legitimacy. The propagation of disinformation including misleading political advertising serves as a key example of how the Commission’
...
Ein Jahr russischer Angriffskrieg: Die Rolle von Desinformation in Deutschland
Berlin: CeMAS Center für Monitoring, Analyse und Strategie (2023), 26 pp.
"Desinformation begleitet den russischen Angriffskrieg auf die Ukraine und erreicht auch ein deutsches Publikum. Sie dient der Stärkung russischer Propaganda und ist geeignet, die deutsche und europäische Entscheidungs- und Handlungsfähigkeit in Bezug auf den Krieg zu stören und negativ zu beein
...
How Public Service Media Disinformation Shapes Hungarian Public Discourse
Media and Communication, volume 11, issue 4 (2023), pp. 62-72
"The Russian war against Ukraine illustrates how the disinformation ecosystem works in Hungary, and it also reveals its devastating impact on democratic public discourse. Public service media play a prominent role in spreading disinformation. We were able to identify several false narratives in the
...
Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 2: Platform's Own Policies and Practices: What Problems Need Changing?
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 7 pp.
"Platform policies lack clarity about the relationship between them, and also about how policies should be applied at global and local levels. How platforms understand and identify harms is insufficiently mapped to human rights standards, and there is a gap in how policy elements should deal with di
...
Degrees of deception: The effects of different types of COVID-19 misinformation and the effectiveness of corrective information in crisis times
Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 9 (2023), pp. 1699-1715
"Responding to widespread concerns about misinformation’s impact on democracy, we conducted an experiment in which we exposed German participants to different degrees of misinformation on COVID-19 connected to politicized (immigration) and apolitical (runners) issues (N = 1,490). Our key findings
...
Shielding Democracy: Civil Society Adaptations to Kremlin Disinformation About Ukraine
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2023), 30 pp.
"This report highlights adaptations and innovations by Ukrainians in their struggle against Moscow’s disinformation machine. As part of the project, the International Forum on Democratic Studies conducted more than fifty expert interviews and hosted a series of convenings with experts from Ukraine
...
Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 3: Possible Regulatory Solutions to Address Concerns with the Platforms
Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 19 pp.
"Platform problems are linked to the fact that they are not self-governing according to agreed industry standards but mainly ‘solo-governing’ when it comes to content curation and moderation. Reaction to the failure of current platform efforts to regulate content includes the danger of over-regu
...
The Role of Bots in Spreading Conspiracies: Case Study of Discourse About Earthquakes on Twitter
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, volume 92, issue 103740 (2023), 11 pp.
"In this paper, we identified seven most widely spread conspiracy discourses about earthquakes. These conspiracy discourses link earthquakes to military activities like secret nuclear bomb testing, God’s Providence like the punishment of humans for their sins, space activities like aliens visiting
...
From Disinformation to Fact-Checking: How Ibero-American Fact-Checkers on Twitter Combat Fake News
Profesional de la Información, volume 32, issue 1 (2023), 14 pp.
"In recent years, the disinformation phenomenon, brought about by the ease with which fake news and hoaxes spread on social networks, has grown considerably. Twitter, especially, is a network that from the outset has been closely linked to news processes that are widely used by journalists. It has b
...
WhatsApp 360: A Look into the WhatsApp News Ecosystem in Lebanon Focusing on Misinformation and Hate Speech
Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 39 pp.
"1. Expansive reach and influence of WhatsApp groups: The study findings indicate that WhatsApp groups have a remarkably wide reach, potentially connecting with three quarters of WhatsApp users in Lebanon. These groups are part of larger networks, which enhances the dissemination of content. Moreove
...
Online Gendered Disinformation and Sexist Hate Speech
International Media Support (IMS) (2023), 6 pp.
"This learning brief focuses on the issues of online gendered disinformation and sexist hate speech against women, girls and non-binary people who work or appear in the media and what media development organisations can do to address them." (Page 1)
Humour as a Strategic Tool Against Disinformation: Ukraine’s Response to Russia
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 35 pp.
"Ukraine has been building its capacity to use humour as a strategic communications tool since Russian first invasion in 2014. After Russia launched the full-scale war in February 2022, this often grassroots effort was multiplied by many new actors joining it. Foreign supporters of Ukraine stepped i
...
