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AI-Generated Disinformation in Europe and Africa: Use Cases, Solutions and Transnational Learning

Karen Allen, Christopher Nehring

Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa (2025), xii, 158 pp.

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Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) 2025
Deep Insights

Álvaro Soto, Rodrigo Durán, Antonia Moreno, Sebastián Adasme, Sebastián Rovira, Valeria Jordán, Laura Poveda (coord.)

Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL); Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (2025), 195 pp.

"El Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) constituye un esfuerzo pionero para medir de manera sistemática el avance de la IA en 19 países de la región. El ILIA busca no solo monitorear el grado de preparación, adopción y gobernanza, sino también difundir buenas prácticas, ... además de ser un instrumento para orientar políticas públicas que incorporen la IA al modelo de desarrollo de los países de manera integral. El índice se organiza en tres dimensiones: Factores Habilitantes (infraestructura digital, talento humano y datos), Investigación, Desarrollo y Adopción, y Gobernanza. A partir de más de cien subindicadores, el ILIA 2025 ofrece un panorama detallado sobre avances, brechas y oportunidades estratégicas en el despliegue de la IA en América Latina y el Caribe. [...] Once hallazgos principales del ILIA 2025: i) El despertar de los adoptantes tardíos. Ecuador, Costa Rica, República Dominicana y Guatemala muestran mejoras aceleradas en conectividad, talento y estrategias de IA, reduciendo distancia con los países líderes, y abriendo oportunidades que parecían improbables para una cooperación regional. ii) Código abierto: la oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. El alto desempeño de Honduras, El Salvador y Cuba en producción de software abierto confirma que este modelo ofrece una vía estratégica para desarrollar soluciones locales, fomentar la colaboración regional y el aprendizaje colectivo, además de promover la transparencia algorítmica. iii) Muchos datos, pero poca disponibilidad. La región produce grandes volúmenes de información, pero su apertura y estandarización siguen siendo limitadas. Esto restringe la ciencia abierta, reduce la transparencia y frena el desarrollo de soluciones locales de IA. iv) Talento humano: alfabetización, poca especialización. La alfabetización en IA duplica a la formación profesional y cuadruplica al talento especializado. Aunque se amplían programas escolares y posgrados, persiste un embudo en la formación avanzada que limita el potencial de la región para producir soluciones propias. v) Talento e infraestructura para la soberanía digital. Brasil concentra más del 90% de la capacidad de cómputo de alto rendimiento de la región. Aunque Uruguay, Costa Rica y Colombia muestran mejores indicadores per cápita en Unidades de Procesamiento Gráfico (GPU por sus siglas en inglés), más de la mitad de los países carecen de infraestructura crítica, lo que refuerza asimetrías. Además, 13 de los 19 países no generan habilidades tempranas en IA en el currículo educativo y 11 no cuentan con programas de doctorado en IA en sus universidades. Sin fortalecer estas capacidades endógenas, la región corre el riesgo de generar soluciones de IA sesgadas y con baja pertinencia local. vi) IA Generativa: una oportunidad de democratización del acceso. La IA generativa ha democratizado el acceso y acelerado la adopción gracias a sus bajas barreras de entrada y a interfaces simples que permiten a no expertos usar modelos avanzados. Países como Chile, Costa Rica, Perú, Uruguay, Panamá y República Dominicana destacan en uso, y ALC es ya la tercera región del mundo en descargas de aplicaciones de IA Gen (15%–20%). Esta accesibilidad actúa como catalizador y, junto con el desarrollo de software y el código abierto, compensa déficits de cómputo, abriendo oportunidades para toda la región. vii) IA y participación ciudadana: un cambio de paradigma desaprovechado. Aunque la IA podría revolucionar la democracia digital, su uso se limita en la mayoría de los países a chatbots informativos y no en herramientas de consulta, de rendición de cuentas o de co-creación de políticas públicas. Colombia, México y Perú muestran algunos avances, pero ocho países no registran ningún caso de aplicación. viii) Investigación escasa y concentrada. Brasil y México reúnen el 68% de los investigadores activos en IA y, junto a Colombia, Chile y Argentina, concentran el 90% de las publicaciones. Solo siete países participan en conferencias internacionales de élite, con predominio de Chile y Brasil. La escasa presencia en foros académicos de alto impacto reduce la visibilidad y la transferencia de conocimiento de la IA de la región; la actividad académica sigue rezagada y requiere mayor atención en la mayoría de los países. ix) Gobernanza en IA: mucho plan y poca acción. Nueve países cuentan con estrategias nacionales de IA, pero solo unos pocos han asignado presupuesto, definido planes de implementación o establecidos indicadores de impacto. Sin mecanismos de ejecución, estas estrategias corren el riesgo de quedarse en meras declaraciones. Al mismo tiempo, mientras a nivel global avanza la apertura e interoperabilidad de datos, la región mantiene un ritmo lento, centrado en debates normativos y éticos. El verdadero desafío es equilibrar la regulación con políticas orientadas al desarrollo y a la implementación efectiva de la IA, de modo que esta tecnología genere valor sin frenar la innovación. x) Sustentabilidad: un llamado urgente. Solo cuatro países (Brasil, Chile, Colombia y México) muestran industrias de centros de datos robustas, y uno de cada cinco centros cumple con estándares internacionales de sustentabilidad. La mayoría de las políticas de IA y digitalización omite el impacto ambiental, lo que puede entrar en contradicción con los objetivos de sostenibilidad medioambiental de la región. xi) Emprendimiento en IA: una oportunidad para la región. Los 19 países ILIA concentran sólo el 1,12% de la inversión global en IA y cuenta con empresas unicornios en apenas seis países. No obstante, el ILIA muestra que no es necesaria una matriz productiva compleja para fomentar el desarrollo de empresas de IA locales y el uso de esta tecnología en el sector productivo. Entornos favorables de innovación y emprendimiento, inversión y políticas de desarrollo productivo pueden detonar dinámicas innovadoras." (Resumen ejecutivo, páginas 15-16) more

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Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Key Guides

Hamburg: Hamburg Sustainability Conference; UNDP (2025), 7 pp.

"As global stakeholders from governments, international organizations, the private sector, academia, and civil society, we convene in Hamburg to shape a human-centric, human-rights-based, inclusive, open, sustainable, and responsible AI future. We commit to advancing AI for the SDGs, aligning with o ... more

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Humans and AI: differences, opportunities, threats. Reflections around the Note Antiqua et Nova

Dariusz Kowalczyk

Christianity – World - Politics, issue 29 (2025), pp. 139-157

"The article, drawing on the Vatican document Antiqua et nova and Leo XIV’s proclamation of his intention to confront the challenge of new digital technologies, addresses the relationship between natural intelligence, notably human intelligence, and artificial intelligence. In this context, the au ... more

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Antiqua et Nova: An Exposition of its Philosophical Intervention on Artificial Intelligence and its Relevance to Catholic Education

Rhoderick John S. Abellanosa

Kaabigan, volume 3, issue 1 (2025), pp. 16-34

"The essay is an exposition of Antiqua et Nova (AeN), a Church document that provides philosophical, theological, and pastoral reflections and guidelines on the understanding and use of artificial intelligence (AI). It is this work’s position that AeN’s significant contribution is its emphasis o ... more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-assisted recruiting at the governance level. A toolkit for policymakers

M. Daviet, A. Mueller, N. Baranowska, G. Meijers, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 67 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and concrete recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in algorithmic hiring systems on a governance level. This Toolkit addresses policymakers and people working in regulatory bodies, as well as civil society organisations inte ... more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-assisted recruiting within your organisation. A toolkit for HR professionals

M. Daviet, A. Mueller, N. Baranowska, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 73 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and concrete recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in algorithmic hiring systems within organisations. This Toolkit addresses HR professionals and recruiting agencies and intends to help them gain a better understanding of w ... more

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Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models
Deep Insights

Greg Maly

ICTworks, July 29 (2025)

"As the global artificial intelligence community wrestles with the tension between scale and accessibility, recent work by researchers at Lelapa AI offers a compelling example of what inclusive, efficient AI can look like. Around the world, the push to shrink massive language models into deployable, ... more

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The State of AI in Africa Report

Nairobi: Strathmore University, Centre for Intellectual Property and Information Technology Law (CIPIT) (2025), 67 pp.

"The State of AI in Africa Report 2025 offers a critical reflection on how AI ecosystems across the continent have evolved since 2023, highlighting advances in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, capacity building, and sectoral innovation, while also surfacing enduring structural disparities. Thi ... s report reveals a continent that is no longer on the margins of AI development but actively reshaping how AI is conceived, deployed, and governed. Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria and Ghana have made notable strides in anchoring AI within national digital strategies, strengthening local innovation ecosystems, and investing in foundational infrastructure such as data centres and broadband connectivity. The growing presence of indigenous datasets, grassroots NLP initiatives, and AI models tailored to African realities reflects a broader shift from consumption to creation. Yet this progress remains uneven. While pockets of excellence are emerging, many regions continue to grapple with limited access to reliable electricity, fragmented regulation, data governance challenges, and critical skill shortages. Central Africa, in particular, still faces infrastructural and institutional constraints that hinder meaningful participation in the continental AI space. This report also documents how AI is being embedded in key sectors; agriculture, health, law, and the creative economy to address uniquely African challenges – from crop failure and disease surveillance to language preservation and cultural expression. These use cases affirm the value of locally informed, contextsensitive AI innovation. On the governance front, the adoption of the AU-AI Continental Strategy and the development of national AI policies signal a growing awareness of the need for harmonised, responsible and inclusive AI development. However, effective implementation remains a central concern, particularly around enforcement mechanisms, ethical guardrails, and regional coordination. This report presents a nuanced picture of AI in Africa: one of ambitious experimentation, uneven capacity, and deep potential. Africa’s future in AI depends not only on technological advancement but on the continent’s ability to embed equity, local relevance, and sustainability at the heart of its AI agenda." (Executive summary) more

Addressing power dynamics in participatory AI for crisis-affected communities: A case-study from Kakuma refugee camp

Sarah W. Spencer et al.

London: CDAC Network, beta version (2025), 8 pp.

"While calls for participatory artificial intelligence (AI) are increasing, there has been an absence of efforts to engage conflict- and crisis-affected communities in the design, delivery and governance of AI solutions in humanitarian contexts. Without meaningful participation, humanitarian AI solu ... more

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Digital Shadows: Deepfakes Used As Violence Against Women in Journalism and Politics During African Elections

Risper Akinyi, Josephine Miliza, Mwara Gichanga, Sarah Kiden et al.

Kibera: Tanda Community Network (2025), 77 pp.

"This report delves into the growing threat of deepfakes as a tool for technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TfGBV) against women in politics and journalism during elections across Africa. With increasing reliance on digital tools and artificial intelligence (AI), deepfakes pose a serious ri ... sk to democratic processes and the personal security of women in leadership roles. The report investigated how deepfakes and other forms of manipulated media contribute to TfGBV against women journalists and politicians in the context of elections in Ghana, Namibia, and Senegal. Both interviews and focus group discussions elicited responses from policymakers, journalists, technologists, and researchers. Deepfakes, which use AI to manipulate videos, audio, and images, are being weaponized to tarnish reputations, spread falsehoods, and harass women, often in the most public and vulnerable moments of their careers. Women in politics and journalism are particularly susceptible, as their visibility makes them prime targets for digital harassment and character assassination. This misuse of AI-generated content not only impacts their personal and professional lives but also threatens to silence women’s voices in public discourse, deterring other women from engaging in leadership roles. The report emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive measures to address this issue. Key recommendations include: the enactment of specific deepfake legislation; public awareness campaigns to educate women in leadership about online safety and investment in AI detection technologies; strengthening support systems for victims of TfGBV and promoting responsible AI use are also critical to creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment for women; Collaborative efforts with international organizations and the expansion of media and digital literacy programs are suggested to bolster the nation's resilience against this evolving threat. By addressing the challenges posed by deepfakes and TfGBV, Ghana, Namibia, and Senegal can safeguard its democratic processes and promote gender equality in the political and media landscapes. The report calls for immediate action to protect women in leadership, ensuring that they can participate fully and fearlessly in the country's democratic development." (Executive summary) more

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Harnessing the Power of AI: Safe & Ethical Integration. Report of the AI Safety Dialogue at Global Ethics Forum 2025

Geneva: Globethics (2025), 27 pp.

"AI presents both significant opportunities and serious risks. For developing countries, AI offers immense potential for advancing learning, research, and development. At the same time, it poses complex challenges that demand collective action. Diplomats and policymakers recognize that global cooper ... ation and multilateralism are essential. No single nation can manage these challenges alone. International and policy initiatives, including the Global Digital Compact and the AI Safety Summit series, have established broad frameworks for addressing these issues, providing global ideas that now require practical implementation. This report emerges from that momentum. Through Track II Diplomacy for AI Global Safety dialogue, Globethics has built a community of practice bringing together cross-disciplinary experts from across geopolitical contexts to explore AI-related risks and identify existing harms; particularly those affecting the Global Majority. Two principal categories of risks have been identified: 1. Risks triggered by advanced AI systems versus those resulting from the intended or unintended use of AI by human actors. 2. Future risks versus those already manifesting today. The words of UN Secretary-General António Guterres resonated across the sessions: “the question is not whether AI will influence international peace and security, but how we will shape that influence.” While discussions often swing between hype and horror, this report intends to shape pathways towards hope and trust. Trust, essential for AI adoption, is vital for both the private sector and civil society. Likewise, it emphasizes the importance of human rights, without which there can be no sustainable development or peace. At the core of these global AI Safety discussions was the need to advance concrete mitigation strategies, including: capacity building; addressing existing harms; developing operational frameworks; ensuring intersectional, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, multistakeholder participation. A coordinated approach to global safety, diplomacy, and multilateral governance is imperative. Experts agreed that tangible measures, rather than fragmented initiatives and principles, are needed. By coming together across regions, disciplines, and cultures, experts reaffirmed their commitment to stewarding technology for the common good. The dialogues converged into three critical priorities to transform today’s innovation into meaningful societal progress: Strengthening inclusive, representative participation using empowerment and literacy measures for people and communities to shape AI futures; building systems of trust, verification and ethical responsibility across the AI lifecycle marked by due diligence, effective reporting and timely safeguards by design; translating values into action, ensuring coordination and accountability from design to deployment." (Executive summary, page 3) more

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Die intelligente Täuschung: Über die Fähigkeiten Künstlicher Intelligenz

Frank Jäkel

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2025), 246 pp.

"Der Einzug von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in unser Leben wird gleichermaßen von Heils- und Unheilserwartungen begleitet: Die einen erhoffen sich Produktivitätssteigerungen, die anderen befürchten, dass Europa den Wettlauf mit den USA und China längst verloren hat. Autohersteller setzen auf a ... more

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United Nations Activities on Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Geneva: ITU (2025), xvi, 500 pp.

"If 2023 was the year of generative artificial intelligence, 2024 was marked by the rapid expansion and adoption of AI, driving waves of innovation across nearly every conceivable domain. The United Nations system has kept an encouraging pace, redoubling efforts to harness the power and potential of ... more

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The AI Policy Playbook: Navigating AI Policy Development through an African and Asian Lens

Aubra Anthony, Deshni Govender, Nadine Dammaschk, Golo Rademacher, Kim Willet, Gustavo Fonseca Ribeiro, Sheila Kibughi

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) FAIR Forward; AI Policymaker Network (2025), 70 pp.

"The AI Policy Playbook offers a practical guide for governments in Africa and Asia to develop responsible and context-specific AI policies. Drawing from real-world policymaking experiences in seven countries, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, India, and Indonesia, the playbook shares less ... more

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Künstliche Intelligenz in politischen Kampagnen: Akzeptanz, Wahrnehmung und Wirkung

Simon Kruschinski, Pablo Jost, Hannah Fecher, Tobias Scherer

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2025), 108 pp.

"Im ersten Teil geben wir einen Überblick über den Einsatz von generativer KI in der politischen Kampagnenkommunikation. Insbesondere die generativen KI-Tools ChatGPT und Midjourney werden zunehmend in politischen Kampagnen eingesetzt, um menschenähnliche Texte beziehungsweise fotorealistische Bi ... more

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How Do You Explain ChatGPT to a Community Health Worker?

Wayan Vota

ICTworks, December 2 (2025)

"I’ve been diving deep into groundbreaking research on community health worker (CHW) perceptions of AI applications in rural India. The truth is more complex than the rosy predictions flooding our sector about artificial intelligence transforming global health. The findings expose a troubling gap ... more

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Fake friend: How ChatGPT betrays vulnerable teens by encouraging dangerous behaviour

Center for Countering Digital Hate (2025), 54 pp.

"ChatGPT is easily accessed by children without age restrictions or parental controls: ChatGPT says users must be at least 13 to sign up and have parental consent if aged under 18. However, ChatGPT does not verify users’ ages or record parental consent. ChatGPT generates harmful content within mi ... more

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Measuring what matters: How to assess AI’s environmental impact

Geneva: ITU (2025), viii, 21 pp.

This report synthesizes key findings from a diverse range of sources, including academic literature, corporate sustainability initiatives, and emerging environmental tracking tools. Collectively, these documents provide a thorough overview of current methodologies for evaluating the environmental im ... more

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LAO P.D.R. Artificial Intelligence Readiness Assessment Report

Paris: UNESCO (2025), 72 pp.

"• In the legal context, Lao PDR’s regulatory framework for AI is still nascent. While the government is drafting a National AI Strategy, there are currently no laws addressing core AI issues such as transparency, accountability, or algorithmic redress. Existing frameworks like the Cybercrime La ... w, Data Protection Law and the Digital Government Decree cover general data and computing use but lack AI-specific provisions. AI is referenced in recent constitutional amendments and draft digital transformation policies, but there’s room for improvement in transforming those acknowledgements to clear legal mechanisms to protect citizens and bolster innovation. • For the sociocultural domain, despite progress in gender inclusivity, rural communities in Laos still face limited access to digital technologies due to infrastructure gaps, affordability, and low digital literacy. Successful collaborations with international organizations highlight what’s possible but also stress the need for ongoing investment in local capacity, outreach, and trust-building. Digital initiatives in health and efforts addressing concerns about technology’s environmental impact are evident, but they have not been specifically focused on AI. Digital transformation must also prioritize cultural preservation, including the development of culturally-aware datasets and NLP tools. Currently, most Lao language datasets and NLP tools are lagging participation from native Lao researchers, risking linguistic sovereignty and underrepresenting local dialects, norms, and values. • AI talent and innovation development in Laos needs strong support from its education and research ecosystems. University departments like Computer Science and Software Engineering are small and often siloed, with little crossdisciplinary collaboration. Research output needs some improvement. Promising developments in AI/ICT curricula in K-12 level are welcome, although their effectiveness must be closely monitored. • Laos’s digital economy remains small, constrained by a large informal sector, limited digital infrastructure, and low ICT investment, factors that hinder AI adoption and innovation. While some private companies in sectors such as telecom, banking, logistics, and manufacturing are beginning to use AI tools, and urban populations are gradually adopting app-based lifestyles, broader progress is limited by lagging human capital pipelines, minimal domestic investment, and an underdeveloped startup ecosystem. Foreign-developed platforms still continue to dominate the market, which if continued can limit local developers from developing capabilities and use cases. Aside from that, most Foreign Development Investment (FDI) remains concentrated in resource extraction, and budget shortfalls undermine the sustainability of e-government initiatives. • There is a critical need for a strong commitment to funding both the hard and soft infrastructure that supports AI. This includes enhancing cybersecurity capacity, reliable networks, and data centers and ensuring affordable access to computing infrastructure for AI practitioners and stakeholders." (Executive summary) more

Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) 2025 Deep Insights

Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Key Guides

Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models Deep Insights

Índice Latinoamericano de Inteligencia Artificial (ILIA) 2025
Deep Insights

Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Key Guides

Rethinking Open Source in the Age of Foundational AI Models
Deep Insights