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State of Internet Freedom in Africa 2025: Navigating the Implications of AI on Digital Democracy in Africa

CIPESA (2025), 74 pp.

"While AI offers potential benefits across various sectors, its deployment by businesses and governments and application by individuals present new opportunities while raising significant concerns. More specifically, most African countries do not have legal or regulatory measures on the ethical and ... more

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Antiqua et Nova: An Exposition of its Philosophical Intervention on Artificial Intelligence and its Relevance to Catholic Education

Rhoderick John S. Abellanosa

Kaabigan, volume 3, issue 1 (2025), pp. 16-34

"The essay is an exposition of Antiqua et Nova (AeN), a Church document that provides philosophical, theological, and pastoral reflections and guidelines on the understanding and use of artificial intelligence (AI). It is this work’s position that AeN’s significant contribution is its emphasis o ... more

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AI for Good Innovate for Impact. Interim Report 2025

Geneva: ITU (2025), xxxiv, 828 pp.

"Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the way we address complex societal challenges, offering new possibilities in areas such as healthcare, climate resilience, education, and digital inclusion. The Innovate for Impact project was launched in 2024 to identify, support, and showcase practical A ... more

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Patterns of Inclusion: How Gender Matters for Automation, Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work

Elisabeth Kelan

Oxford; 9781032669892 (pbk): Routledge (2025), xiv, 169 pp.

"It is widely presumed that digitalisation, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) shape the future of work. Yet gender is rarely considered in those debates. This path-breaking book, written by a leading thinker on gender, inclusion and organisations, Elisabeth Kelan, is based on in-depth rese ... more

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Der neue Gott: Künstliche Intelligenz und die menschliche Sinnsuche

Claudia Paganini

Freiburg et al.: Herder (2025), 176 pp.

"Ist Künstliche Intelligenz der neue Gott des digitalen Zeitalters? In diesem tiefgründigen Essay entfaltet Claudia Paganini eine philosophisch brisante These: Erstmals erschafft der Mensch einen Gott, statt ihn nur zu denken. Die KI übernimmt zunehmend, was einst der Religion vorbehalten war: Si ... more

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AI in Africa: A Landscape Study

Rachel Adams, Fola Adeleke, Leah Junck, Samule Segun, Ayantola Alayande, Selamawit Abdella, Mark Gaffley, Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon, Funbi Salami

Global Center on AI Governance; African Observatory on Responsible AI (2025), 44 pp.

"Though comprehensive AI regulation is still nascent in Africa, there is an increased focus on national AI strategies, ethical guidelines and international collaborations. Over 40 countries have already established data protection and privacy laws, creating opportunities for harmonised regulations a ... nd a supportive environment for AI innovation. Key continental governance instruments and initiatives also include the African Union’s AI Strategy, the African Continental Free Trade Area and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This report found that the increasing application of AI in key sectors across Africa, such as health, education, finance, agriculture, public services and the environment, necessitates a collaborative approach to ethical AI development and use. This requires addressing persistent infrastructural gaps, developing regional regulatory frameworks, investments in AI research and capacity building efforts as well as promoting multi-stakeholder AI governance initiatives. Key strategies identified include joint investment and funding, pooling resources and supporting sustainable and fair open-source projects, which will help direct efforts toward innovation and regional independence. Open Source AI models are particularly important in Africa where local tech startups can leverage global open-source initiatives to build context-specific solutions. However, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy and ethical AI deployment call for more robust policies for open source AI on the continent. To foster responsible AI innovation, African countries should establish comprehensive AI governance frameworks while adhering to existing laws as well as strengthen regulatory institutions to provide oversight over AI technologies. Regulatory sandboxing also offers a viable approach to enable sage experimentation with appropriate oversight. Regional and international cooperation as well as leveraging public-private partnerships can promote funding for expanding AI research and development initiatives, resolve talent shortages and promote infrastructure development. Africa has a unique opportunity to leverage AI, along with its resources and local young talent, for socioeconomic development. However, to ensure inclusivity and sustainable innovation, it is essential to address infrastructure challenges and establish regulatory frameworks that protect societal wellbeing. Embracing collaborative efforts, including open source initiatives, regional and international partnerships are critical for achieving the continent’s ambitious goals without leaving anyone behind." (Executive Summaty, page 3) more

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An Autonomy-Based Classification: AI Agents, Liability and Lessons from the Automated Vehicles Act

Lisa Soder, Julia Smakman, Connor Dunlop, Oliver Sussman

Berlin: Interface; Ada Lovelace Institute (2025), 28 pp.

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AI With Purpose: How Foundations and Nonprofits are Thinking About and Using Artificial Intelligence

Elisha Smith Arrillaga, Seara Grundhoefer, Christina Im

Center for Effective Philanthropy (CEP) (2025), 39 pp.

"While AI is widely used by nonprofits and foundations alike — most often for internal productivity and communications purposes — leaders share common concerns about AI in their work. They also agree that foundations do not currently have a strong grasp of nonprofits’ AI-related needs. Perhaps ... more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-assisted recruiting at the governance level. A toolkit for policymakers

M. Daviet, A. Mueller, N. Baranowska, G. Meijers, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 67 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and concrete recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in algorithmic hiring systems on a governance level. This Toolkit addresses policymakers and people working in regulatory bodies, as well as civil society organisations inte ... more

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Harnessing the Power of AI: Safe & Ethical Integration. Report of the AI Safety Dialogue at Global Ethics Forum 2025

Geneva: Globethics (2025), 27 pp.

"AI presents both significant opportunities and serious risks. For developing countries, AI offers immense potential for advancing learning, research, and development. At the same time, it poses complex challenges that demand collective action. Diplomats and policymakers recognize that global cooper ... ation and multilateralism are essential. No single nation can manage these challenges alone. International and policy initiatives, including the Global Digital Compact and the AI Safety Summit series, have established broad frameworks for addressing these issues, providing global ideas that now require practical implementation. This report emerges from that momentum. Through Track II Diplomacy for AI Global Safety dialogue, Globethics has built a community of practice bringing together cross-disciplinary experts from across geopolitical contexts to explore AI-related risks and identify existing harms; particularly those affecting the Global Majority. Two principal categories of risks have been identified: 1. Risks triggered by advanced AI systems versus those resulting from the intended or unintended use of AI by human actors. 2. Future risks versus those already manifesting today. The words of UN Secretary-General António Guterres resonated across the sessions: “the question is not whether AI will influence international peace and security, but how we will shape that influence.” While discussions often swing between hype and horror, this report intends to shape pathways towards hope and trust. Trust, essential for AI adoption, is vital for both the private sector and civil society. Likewise, it emphasizes the importance of human rights, without which there can be no sustainable development or peace. At the core of these global AI Safety discussions was the need to advance concrete mitigation strategies, including: capacity building; addressing existing harms; developing operational frameworks; ensuring intersectional, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, multistakeholder participation. A coordinated approach to global safety, diplomacy, and multilateral governance is imperative. Experts agreed that tangible measures, rather than fragmented initiatives and principles, are needed. By coming together across regions, disciplines, and cultures, experts reaffirmed their commitment to stewarding technology for the common good. The dialogues converged into three critical priorities to transform today’s innovation into meaningful societal progress: Strengthening inclusive, representative participation using empowerment and literacy measures for people and communities to shape AI futures; building systems of trust, verification and ethical responsibility across the AI lifecycle marked by due diligence, effective reporting and timely safeguards by design; translating values into action, ensuring coordination and accountability from design to deployment." (Executive summary, page 3) more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-powered software for recruitment. A toolkit for software developers

M. Daviet, N. Baranowska, A. Mueller, C. Rus, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 86 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and technical recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in software development of systems used for recruitment. This Toolkit addresses software developers and product managers working or interested in this field, and it intends ... more

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Me, myself and AI: Understanding and safeguarding children’s use of AI chatbots

London: Internet Matters (2025), 56 pp.

"This report explores how children are interacting with AI chatbots, which are computer programmes designed to simulate conversation with a person. Our findings show that while these tools can offer clear benefits, such as 24/7 learning support and a non-judgemental space to ask questions, they pose ... more

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Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Persons with Disabilites in Africa
Deep Insights

Jerry John Kponyo, Bernard Chiira, Christopher Harrison, Hanyurwimfura Damien (eds.)

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST); Assistive Technologies for Disability Trust (AT4D); Next Step Foundation; Tangaza University College; Kenya National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI) (2025), ix, 169 pp.

"Artificial intelligence has the potential to improve the daily lives of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Africa in practical, cumulative ways—transcribing, translating, summarizing, personalizing, and predicting to reduce routine frictions in school, work, health, mobility, and access to publi ... c services. The study surveys this emerging landscape across Kenya, Ghana, Rwanda, and comparator contexts, mapping how AI augments assistive technologies (AT) and mainstream services while clarifying the policy, data, and delivery conditions that determine real-world impact. Across sectors, we find promising AI use cases beyond traditional AT. In education, adaptive tutors, captioning, and sign-language tools can widen access, though localized content and language coverage remain thin. In employment, AI can support job matching, accessible applications, task breakdown, and on-the-job accommodations, especially when paired with employer guidance and incentives. In mental health, chatbots can extend scarce services and offer stigma-free entry points to care; caregiver tools use voice, translation, and simple workflows to ease coordination and stress. Mobility and independent living benefit from computer vision, speech interfaces, and early robotics, with African innovators piloting sign-language avatars, personalized speech recognition, and lower-cost bionics. The potential of these advances is real but uneven—most remain pilots, and scale requires fit-for-purpose data, infrastructure, and financing. One binding constraint is data. Disability is systematically under-counted in official statistics and under-represented or misrepresented in AI training sets, creating a “disability data desert” that limits accuracy for African contexts (from atypical speech and local sign languages to recognition of mobility aids). Without deliberate collection, curation, and governance that center PWDs, models will continue to miss or misread disabled users, with downstream harms in inclusion, safety, and opportunity. Building representative, ethical datasets—especially for African languages and disabilities—emerges as a first-order priority alongside affordable computing and connectivity. Policy momentum is encouraging but incomplete. The African Union’s Continental AI Strategy (2025–2030) explicitly names disability inclusion, calling for accessible datasets, skills, and governance. Ghana’s and Kenya’s AI strategies also advance infrastructure, data sharing, and public-sector adoption, although explicit disability provisions are still maturing. Convergence around rights-based, inclusive AI is visible; however, its delivery depends on procurement standards, budgeting for accessibility, and participation by Organizations of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) in the design and oversight process. The study’s central conclusion is pragmatic: AI’s near-term value for disability inclusion is unlocked where three conditions meet. First, inclusion by design—co-creation with PWDs and OPDs, localized languages, and multi-modal accessibility baked into products and datasets. Second, enabling rules and rails—national strategies that mandate accessibility in digital services, robust disability-relevant data, and align incentives for inclusive procurement. Third, sustainable delivery—hybrid human-AI service models, community channels, and financing that lower costs for users and caregivers while supporting innovators to move from pilots to scale. Where these conditions hold, AI can measurably widen access to learning, work, and care; where they do not, tools plateau as proofs-of-concept and risks of bias and exclusion grow. Overall, the path to disability-inclusive AI in Africa is clear: invest in representative data and affordable infrastructure; mandate accessibility and accountability; and deliver through locally grounded, human-centered services. Done together, these steps turn today’s pilots into equitable, reliable systems that expand agency and opportunity for millions of Africans with disabilities." (Executive summary) more

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How-to note: Co-designing AI solutions with crisis-affected communities (beta version)

Sarah W. Spencer, Helen McElhinney, Michael Tjalve, Anjali Mazumder

CDAC Network; Alan Turing Institute; Humanitarian Advisory AI (2025), 17 pp.

"This how-to note offers practical guidance for humanitarian actors seeking to co-design AI solutions with crisis-affected communities. This is related to, though not intended to support the technical co-design of AI models, though there is a significant amount of research on this subject. This how- ... more

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Digital Shadows: Deepfakes Used As Violence Against Women in Journalism and Politics During African Elections

Risper Akinyi, Josephine Miliza, Mwara Gichanga, Sarah Kiden et al.

Kibera: Tanda Community Network (2025), 77 pp.

"This report delves into the growing threat of deepfakes as a tool for technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TfGBV) against women in politics and journalism during elections across Africa. With increasing reliance on digital tools and artificial intelligence (AI), deepfakes pose a serious ri ... sk to democratic processes and the personal security of women in leadership roles. The report investigated how deepfakes and other forms of manipulated media contribute to TfGBV against women journalists and politicians in the context of elections in Ghana, Namibia, and Senegal. Both interviews and focus group discussions elicited responses from policymakers, journalists, technologists, and researchers. Deepfakes, which use AI to manipulate videos, audio, and images, are being weaponized to tarnish reputations, spread falsehoods, and harass women, often in the most public and vulnerable moments of their careers. Women in politics and journalism are particularly susceptible, as their visibility makes them prime targets for digital harassment and character assassination. This misuse of AI-generated content not only impacts their personal and professional lives but also threatens to silence women’s voices in public discourse, deterring other women from engaging in leadership roles. The report emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive measures to address this issue. Key recommendations include: the enactment of specific deepfake legislation; public awareness campaigns to educate women in leadership about online safety and investment in AI detection technologies; strengthening support systems for victims of TfGBV and promoting responsible AI use are also critical to creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment for women; Collaborative efforts with international organizations and the expansion of media and digital literacy programs are suggested to bolster the nation's resilience against this evolving threat. By addressing the challenges posed by deepfakes and TfGBV, Ghana, Namibia, and Senegal can safeguard its democratic processes and promote gender equality in the political and media landscapes. The report calls for immediate action to protect women in leadership, ensuring that they can participate fully and fearlessly in the country's democratic development." (Executive summary) more

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Engines of Order: A Mechanology of Algorithmic Techniques

Bernhard Rieder

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2025), 351 pp.

"Software has become a key component of contemporary life and algorithms that rank, classify, or recommend are everywhere. Building on the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon and the cultural techniques tradition, this book examines the constructive and cumulative character of software and retraces the h ... more

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Practical Machine Learning: A Beginner's Guide with Ethical Insights

Ally S. Nyamawe, Mohamedi M. Mjahidi, Noe Elisa Nnko, Salim A. Diwani, Godbless G. Minja, Kulwa Malyango

Boca Raton: CRC Press; Chapman & Hall (2025), xii, 214 pp.

"The book provides an accessible, comprehensive introduction for beginners to machine learning, equipping them with the fundamental skills and techniques essential for this field. It enables beginners to construct practical, real-world solutions powered by machine learning across diverse application ... more

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Digital Progress and Trends Report 2025: Strengthening AI Foundations

Washington, DC: World Bank (2025), xix, 111 pp.

"The recent rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has outpaced society's ability to fully grasp its implications. Unlike technological shifts that have unfolded over decades, AI's integration is accelerating at an unprecedented speed and scale. Along with AI's immense opportunities come ne ... more

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The Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Philanthropy
Deep Insights

Milos Maricic, Giuseppe Ugazio (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2025), xxv, 57o pp.

"The Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Philanthropy acts as a catalyst for the dialogue between two ecosystems with much to gain from collaboration: artificial intelligence (AI) and philanthropy. Bringing together leading academics, AI specialists, and philanthropy professionals, it ... more

Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Persons with Disabilites in Africa Deep Insights

The Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Philanthropy Deep Insights

Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Persons with Disabilites in Africa
Deep Insights

The Routledge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and Philanthropy
Deep Insights