Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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Per Diem Payments as a form of Censorship and Control: The Case of Guinea-Bissau’s Journalism

Susana Sampaio-Dias

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2349-2365

"This article discusses the habit of politicians paying journalists per diem rates in exchange for media coverage. Although bribery and money incentives have been studied as practices that compromise the ethics of journalism in several African countries, this paper researches Guinea-Bissau as an exa ... more

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When online commentary turns into violence: The role of Twitter in slander against journalists in Colombia

Marta Milena Barrios, Lina María Vega Estarita, Luis M. Gil

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 16 pp.

"The 55-year long Colombian conflict with the FARC guerrilla movement ended in 2016 with the signing of a peace agreement, which resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of victims of socio-political violence. Paradoxically, this did not improve security for journalists, who were targeted: ... more

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Killing Journalists is Not Media Regulation: Private Rights, Collective Wrongs and the Impact of Impunity

Carmen Draghici, Lorna Woods

Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, volume 29, issue 1 (2019), pp. 263-306

"This article maintains that current international law fails to recognize the specific risks associated with the journalistic profession, and that the fragmented, non-binding and unenforceable initiatives on journalists' rights adopted to date have proven ineffective. It argues that a dedicated inte ... more

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Journalists as Human Rights Defenders: International Protection of Journalists in Contexts of Violence and Impunity

Tamsin Mitchell

In: Reporting Human Rights, Conflicts, and Peacebuilding

Ibrahim Seaga Shaw, Senthan Selvarajah (eds.)

Springer (2019), pp. 221-242

"Many local journalists covering issues like corruption and organised crime can be considered human rights defenders (HRDs) exposed to high levels of violence and impunity. In this chapter, Mitchell examines what protection is available for such journalists via the dedicated international normative ... more

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Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe
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Thomas Hanitzsch, Folker Hanusch, Jyotika Ramaprasad, Arnold S. De Beer (eds.)

New York: Columbia University Press (2019), xi, 434 pp.

"How do journalists around the world view their own function and role in society? Based on a landmark study that has collected data from more than 25,000 journalists in 66 countries between 2012 and 2015, Worlds of Journalism examines the different ways journalists conceive of their responsibilities ... more

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Safety culture changing visual representations of wars? The case of Afghanistan

Saumava Mitra

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 13 pp.

"In international conflict correspondence safety mechanisms are unequally employed to protect local news-staffs in contrast to international staffs. Arguably, this has had the greatest impact on image production from war zones, exposing local photojournalists to increased dangers. But it also raises ... more

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A Badge of Honor? How the New York Times Discredits President Trump’s Fake News Accusations

Juliane A. Lischka

Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 2 (2019), pp. 287-304

"News organizations in many Western democracies face decreasing trust amid fake news accusations. In this situation, news organizations risk losing their license to operate and need to defend their legitimacy. This study analyzes how The New York Times (NYT) discredits fake news accusations, which a ... more

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Violencia contra los periodistas
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Marisol Cano Busquets

Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (2019), 554 pp.

"La violencia contra los periodistas no es un hecho aislado. Esta es una práctica presente en países de todo el mundo y que se caracteriza por la impunidad que rodea a las muertes de comunicadores de diversos medios de comunicación. Esta situación no solo deja impune el crimen, también impide y ... more

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Fostering Trauma Literacy: From the Classroom to the Newsroom

Natalee Seely

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 75, issue 1 (2019), pp. 116-130

"Covering traumatic story assignments is often central to a journalist’s job. Violent crimes, natural disasters, and tragic personal struggles—these are newsworthy events. Studies have associated trauma coverage with higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, and other traumatic str ... more

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Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2019), xxx, 408 pp.

"The Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety is an essential reference source that evaluates how diverse threats impact on journalists wellbeing, their right to freedom of expression, and overall media freedoms in various contexts and assesses inadequacies in ... more

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Journalists and mental health: The psychological toll of covering everyday trauma

Natalee Seely

Newspaper Research Journal, volume 40, issue 2 (2019), pp. 239-259

"Journalists are often first responders and eyewitnesses to violent news events. Trauma reporting can take its toll, resulting in mental health effects. Addressing the solution requires understanding the problem. This multimethod study used a national survey of journalists (N = 254) that shows that ... more

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State-Aligned Trolling in Iran and the Double-Edged Affordances of Instagram

Simin Kargar, Adrian Rauchfleisch

New Media & Society, volume 21, issue 7 (2019), pp. 1506-1527

"Online harassment is increasingly applied as a form of information control to curb free speech and exert power in online public spheres. In recent years, states have appeared to be particularly invested in weaponizing information against dissidents in an attempt at dominating social and political d ... more

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Female journalists under attack? Explaining gender differences in reactions to audiences' attacks

Lea Stahel, Constantin Schoen

New Media & Society, volume 22, issue 10 (2019), pp. 1849-1867

"The literature on public figures attacked by their audiences is unclear why female and male figures react differently to attacks. This study examines why female journalists are more likely than male journalists to use avoidance strategies as a reaction to online attacks. Avoidance includes limiting ... more

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Impact of Work Environment on Professional Integrity: A Case Study of Journalists in Islamabad

Gohar Ali, Zubair Shafiq

Global Regional Review (GRR), volume 4, issue 4 (2019), pp. 229-237

"This study aims to explore the working environment of Pakistani journalists in Islamabad by analyzing their opinion on media freedom and professional autonomy. It also aims to highlight the limitations and difficulties faced by these journalists while performing their professional duties. To achiev ... more

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Human Security as a Conceptual Framework: The Case of Palestinian Journalists

Carol B. Schwalbe, Jeannine E. Relly, Sally Ann Cruikshank, Ethan H. Schwalbe

Journalism Studies, volume 13 (2019), pp. 1920-1939

"This exploratory study introduces a human security framework to examine the challenges that journalists face from daily professional and societal constraints and pressures when attempting to fulfill their role to inform the public in areas of conflict. The research focuses on the influences on Pale ... more

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Media corruption and issues of journalistic and institutional integrity in post-communist countries: The case of Bulgaria

Lada Trifonova Price

Communist and Post-Communist Studies, volume 52, issue 1 (2019), pp. 71-79

"From a normative standpoint the media are usually seen as one of the pillars of a national integrity system, entrusted with the tasks of exposing and preventing acts of corruption and educating the public of the harm caused by corruption. Nevertheless, corruption continues to be one of the most sig ... more

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“They don't trust us; the don't care if we're attacked”: Trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism

Rubén Arnoldo González Macías, Víctor Hugo Reyna García

Communication & Society, volume 32, issue 1 (2019), pp. 147-158

"Drawing from 93 semi-structured, in-person interviews with journalists from 23 states, this article analyzes the relation between trust and risk perception in Mexican journalism. It focuses on how Mexican journalists perceive and experience public trust placed in them as social actors, and how it i ... more

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Freedom and the Media: A Downward Spiral

Sarah Repucci et al.

Freedom House (2019), 30 pp.

"According to Freedom House’s Freedom in the World data, media freedom has been deteriorating around the world over the past decade, with new forms of repression taking hold in open societies and authoritarian states alike. The trend is most acute in Europe, previously a bastion of well-establishe ... more

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Where are we now? (Almost) a decade with the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity

Ingrid Fadnes, Roy Krøvel, Kristin Orgeret

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 6 pp.

"This article takes UNESCO’s Academic Research Agenda on Safety of Journalists as its point of departure. We present an overview of contributions to a selection of research conferences and academic publications focusing on safety of journalists and categorize them according to the research agenda. ... more

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The staging trap: Right-wing politics as a challenge for journalism

Kai Hafez

Journalism, volume 20, issue 1 (2019), pp. 24-26

Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe Top Insights

Violencia contra los periodistas Top Insights

Worlds of Journalism: Journalistic Cultures Around the Globe
Top Insights

Violencia contra los periodistas
Top Insights