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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en América Latina

Javier García et al.

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 60 pp.

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UNESCO’s Judges’ Initiative: Training the Custodians of the Legal System on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and the Safety of Journalists

Guilherme Canela, Namara Burki, Samrita Menon

Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, volume 25, issue 1 (2022), pp. 54-76

"Human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Within the framework of international human rights law, the right to freedom of expression particularly stands out, as it constitutes a pre-requisite for the fulfilment of other fundamental rights. In this regard, ... more

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National Human Rights Institutions and Journalist Safety

Binod Bhattarai

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2022), 98 pp.

"This report explores the role of national human rights institutions (NHRIs) in South and Southeast Asia – Nepal, the Philippines, Indonesia and Pakistan – and how their engagement in supporting national protection mechanisms for journalists can contribute to upholding their mandate of promoting ... human rights for all. Indonesia has an estimated 100,000 journalists in a population of over 271 million people. Its geography represents a challenge for monitoring violations of press freedom and the safety of journalists. In Indonesia, journalists’ and civil society groups have begun to support vulnerable journalists and to collaborate on setting up a national safety mechanism for them. Such a mechanism could involve existing organisations of journalists, the National Human Rights Commission of Indonesia, the Press Council and other state agencies. Preliminary consultations are assessing which institutions might anchor such a mechanism and whether the existing legal framework is appropriate or adequate. Nepal saw a rise in the persecution and assassinations of journalists during the Maoist government conflict (1996-2006) and the long transition to a new constitution (2006-2015). Some perpetrators were prosecuted successfully, but many cases remain open. Nepal was one of the first countries whose NHRI considered the establishment of a mechanism for journalists’ safety. The Nepal National Human Rights Commission and the Federation of Nepali Journalists began working towards this in 2012, and their efforts culminated in 2019 when the Nepal National Human Rights Commission approved a directive to establish a multi-stakeholder mechanism for upholding the freedom of expression of all citizens, including journalists. Pakistan has one of the world’s highest rates of impunity for crimes against journalists, despite the formidable efforts of journalists’ and civil society groups. For example, out of over 140 journalist deaths, only three perpetrators have been prosecuted and all three verdicts were overturned on appeal. However, change could be in the air: Pakistan enacted a new national law in 2021 – based on one adopted earlier by a provincial government – to protect journalists’ safety. While this legislation is welcome, those laws do not include a role for the Pakistan National Commission of Human Rights and thus could be more robust, according to journalists’ and civil society groups. The Philippines is one of the world’s most dangerous countries for journalists, but the government has begun working with its NHRI on a multi-stakeholder mechanism to protect them. Since 1986, 234 journalists and media professionals in the Philippines have been killed, including 19 after President Rodrigo Duterte took charge of the administration in October 2016. According to media and civil society groups, state agencies have allegedly been involved in 114 attacks and threats against journalists and civil society advocates who had first been “red-tagged” by the authorities for their supposed links with armed communist insurgents and/or “terrorism”. In July 2018, the Philippine Commission on Human Rights (CHR) adopted a resolution to form a taskforce with a mandate to monitor and investigate media-related extrajudicial killings. This led to more collaboration between the CHR, media and civil society groups. As a result, the Philippine Action Plan on the Safety of Journalists was launched in November 2019, as part of a threeyear European Union project that seeks to establish a national multi-stakeholder mechanism for the safety of journalists." (Executive summary, pages 9-10) more

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Legal framework regulating freedom of expression and press in Nigeria and pathways to neutralizing threats

Abuja: Centre for Journalism Innovation and Development (CJID) (2022), 25 pp.

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Sedition and Freedom of Expression for Journalists in Botswana: A Comment on Mokone v Attorney General and Others

Badala Tachilisa Balule

Journal of African Law, volume 66, issue 2 (2022), pp. 355-366

"Journalists play an important role in promoting and facilitating the right to freedom of expression. To promote and facilitate freedom of expression effectively, they should be free to perform their duties without fear of reprisals, intimidation or harassment. Journalists should carry out their dut ... more

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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Chile

Javier García

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 46 pp.

"La normativa de radio y televisión contiene medidas discriminatorias y arbitrarias que impiden el desarrollo sostenible de los medios de comunicación comunitario e indígenas. Las restricciones de cobertura territorial y de acceso a fuentes de financiamiento previstas en la legislación, no respo ... more

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The Freedom to Conduct and Publish Opinion Polls: A 2022 Worldwide Update

Kathy Frankovic, David A. Jodice, Kseniya Kizilova, See Toh Wai Yu

ESOMAR (2022), 99 pp.

"Although the share of countries with limits on the publication of pre-election polls has dropped to 46%, an additional 24 countries (15%) do not permit election polling at all. Governments in one-third of countries officially regulate polls. More than one in four countries have taboos on publishing ... surveys about religion, and one in five reject polling on crime and on voting. Many countries do not have access to in-country training in survey research. In 43% of the 157 countries, the quality of reporting about polls in the news media is rated as somewhat or very low quality, nearly twice as high as the share of countries who see local journalistic reporting as of somewhat or very high quality. Polling itself has become more difficult due to budget cuts, increased costs of data collection, and lowered response rates. Regions like Latin America stand out as different in many areas. Latin America has the highest share of countries with pre-election poll embargoes. Nearly all countries report embargoes, and it is the region where embargoes are the longest on average (the median embargo length is seven days, though polling is more accurate the closer to election day it is conducted). In addition, more than any other region, Latin American countries report that personal interviewing is not safe. Nearly half of countries there (47%) believe that interviewers conducting face-to-face surveys are either somewhat or very unsafe, almost three times the global percentage. Europe is the region with the second largest percentage of embargoes (behind Latin America), but for half of those countries, the restrictions on publication last only two or three days. European countries, as well as those in Sub-Saharan Africa and North America & the Caribbean, are also the most likely to have professional associations to deal with complaints about polling and to promulgate standards. While it appears from the tables that parts of Asia Pacific Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa might not have pre-election restrictions on the publication of polls, in nearly a third of those countries in West Asia & North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, it is not permitted to publish polls about elections and voting (in about a quarter of countries in those two regions, polls about voting cannot even be conducted)." (Executive summary) more

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A Special Collection of the Case Law of the African System of Human and Peoples’ Rights

New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2022), 14 pp.

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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en El Salvador

Ricardo Iglesias

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 47 pp.

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Indirect and Direct Subsidies for Media: The European Experience

Milan F. Živkovic, Karolina Leakovic

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 22 pp.

"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m ... more

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The Global Handbook of Media Accountability
Deep Insights

Susanne Fengler, Tobias Eberwein, Matthias Karmasin (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xviii, 614 pp.

"The Global Handbook of Media Accountability brings together leading scholars to 'de-Westernize' the academic debate on media accountability and discuss different models of media self-regulation and newsroom transparency around the globe. With examination of the status quo of media accountability in ... more

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Gender Equality and Media Regulation Study: Bangladesh

Qurratul-Ain-Tahmina et al.

Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI) (2022), 108 pp.

"This study seeks to provide new knowledge and analysis about gender-equality related provisions in regulations, self-regulatory frameworks and policies concerning media in Bangladesh. It also explores their implementation and monitoring aspects. It seeks to provide clear recommendations and cite be ... more

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Pluralismo, diversidad y libertad de expresión: Estándares interamericanos sobre obligaciones de los Estados y límites a la regulación de medios

Damián Loreti

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 29 pp.

"Este documento hace un recorrido por los estándares fijados por los órganos del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos que establecen las obligaciones de los Estados para garantizar el pluralismo y la diversidad de los sistemas mediáticos como parte de la protección del derecho a la liberta ... more

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Media Governance: A Cosmopolitan Critique

Sarah Anne Ganter, Hanan Badr (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2022), xv, 318 pp.

"The book offers a critical map to navigate the field of media governance. A thread of cosmopolitan critique connects the fourteen chapters to enhance media governance literature beyond the West and regional foci. The first part addresses the epistemological and ontological flaws in the use and adap ... more

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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Perú

Jorge Acevedo Rojas

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 27 pp.

"Desde el año 2004, la Ley de Radio y Televisión reconoce a las radios y televisoras comunitarias como un tipo de servicio de radiodifusión en función de sus objetivos o fines. Sin embargo, la propia norma, su reglamentación y su implementación -a cargo del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunica ... more

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Understanding the Laws Relating to "Fake News" in Russia

Anton Vaganov

Thomson Reuters Foundation; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2022), 16 pp.

"This guide is intended to provide user-friendly, practical guidance for journalists and newsrooms seeking to understand the Russian “fake news” laws, and how they’ve been applied to local and international press." (Page 1)

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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Argentina

Alejandro Linares

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 43 pp.

"En el marco de la crisis de los modelos de financiamiento de los servicios audiovisuales, el sector de los medios comunitarios, populares, alternativos e indígenas no ha consolidado estrategias económicas duraderas y robustas. Sin embargo, esto no les ha impedido mantener sus emisiones aún en co ... more

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Actualización de la jurisprudencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos sobre libertad de expresión. Caja de herramientas para escuelas judiciales Iberoamericanas: Formación en libertad de expresión, acceso a la información pública y seguridad de periodistas

Edison Lanza

Montevideo: UNESCO (2022), 33 pp.

"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la comprensión de una serie de casos del Sistema Interamericano de extraordinario contenido y valor para fortalecer el rol de los jueces en la prevención de situaciones que vulneren el derecho a libertad de expresión, el acceso a la información, así ... more

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Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en Colombia

Jorge Alberto Londoño Lugo

Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 37 pp.

"Es necesario que el Congreso de la República expida una ley en donde se de estabilidad y seguridad jurídica a las comunidades organizadas que prestan el servicio de radio comunitaria. En la actualidad está reglamentado mediante una Resolución Ministerial, la cual es fácilmente modificable por ... more

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Government and Industry-Led Initiatives to Support the Development of the Media Market: Case for Kenya

Haron Mwangi

BBC Media Action; PRIMED (2022), 15 pp.

"This paper explores the instances and circumstances under which the media community in Kenya has closely worked with the government to introduce media reforms though new legislation and related policies. It focuses on changes that have been enacted over the last decade and, in particular, those aim ... more

The Global Handbook of Media Accountability Deep Insights

The Global Handbook of Media Accountability
Deep Insights