Toolbox Management & Financing

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Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
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SembraMedia; Omidyar Network (2017), 68 pp.

"Este estudio es el primer estudio exhaustivo sobre el impacto que tienen emprendedores de medios digitales, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan, y si ha surgido un modelo de negocio viable para el periodismo digital independiente y de calidad. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, SembraMedia, con ... more

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Ad Wars: Digital Challenges for Ad-Financed News Media in the Nordic Countries

Jonas Ohlsson, Ulrika Facht

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), 229 pp.

"The accelerating digitalisation of the media landscape has released enormous forces of change in the Nordic advertising markets. The overall impression from the results of this study is that the sweeping changes digitalisation is bringing about are not just undermining the business model on which t ... more

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Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes
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Clare E. Cook

International Communication Gazette, volume 78, issue 6 (2016), pp. 514-535

"For journalists promoting the free flow of information in repressive or restrictive media environments, the issue of financial sustainability is complex. Both media in exile (out-of-country news outlets feeding independent information into the country of origin) and news outlets in restrictive news ... more

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Plataformas de crowdfunding en América Latina

César Rentería

Lima: Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información; International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2016), 68 pp.

"El presente documento es un analisis descriptivo del sector de crowdfunding – financiamiento mediante una multitud de donantes por medio de Internet - en América Latina. Su objetivo es conocer el tamaño, las caracteríticas y la dinámica de las plataformas latinoamericanas de crowdfunding. Par ... more

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Case Study: Crowdfunding Civic Action - Pimp my Carroça

Rodrigo Davies

In: Civic Media: Technology, Design, Practice

Eric Gordon, Paul Mihailidis (eds.)

Cambridge, Mass; London: MIT Press (2016), pp. 609-612

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Crowdfunded Journalism: A Small But Growing Addition to Publicly Driven Journalism. Projects Funded Through Kickstarter Cut Across More Than 60 Countries

Nancy Vogt, Amy Mitchell

Pew Research Center (2016), 33 pp.

"From April 28, 2009 to September 15, 2015, 658 journalism-related projects proposed on Kickstarter, one of the largest single hubs for crowdfunding journalism, received full – or more than full – funding, to the tune of nearly $6.3 million. These totals – both in terms of number of projects a ... more

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Publishing for Peanuts: Innovation and the Journalism Start-Up

J. J. Robinson, Kristen Grennan, Anya Schiffrin

Columbia University, School of International and Political Affairs; Open Society Foundation (2015), 200 pp.

"Our remit was to look for innovative media outlets that are producing high-quality news, that are technologically innovative and that might actually survive financially. Accordingly, we spent three months interviewing media innovators around the world and reading what others have written on the sub ... ject. This report is divided into seven sections: 1) this introduction, 2) our main findings, 3) two sets of recommendations, one for the media development community and another set for people starting a media outlet, 4) an “Innovation Index” listing practices that we found around the world, 5) a description of our methodology, 6) a review of practitioner reports we read, 7) write-ups describing 35 media outlets, based on interviews we conducted [...] We were inspired and encouraged by what we saw. All over the world, independent media outlets are innovating and overcoming obstacles. Globally, start-ups are demonstrating the drive to take risks for the sake of a good idea. The challenges facing these outlets—and the innovations employed to tackle them—broadly fall into four categories: editorial, business, distribution and security. Operating with agility, media start-ups are finding creative ways to gather and disseminate information. In India, Gram Vaani uses a mobile phone social network to connect the rural poor and circumvent legislative prohibitions on radio broadcasting. In Zimbabwe, The Source survives in the repressive media climate by focusing on business journalism. Oxpeckers in South Africa uses geomapping to report on rhino poaching. Crikey in Australia has built a successful business model based on soliciting tips and scandal from the same audience it reports on and Kenya’s African SkyCAM deploys drones to avoid negotiating with police for access to disaster zones [...] Instead of finding a clear model for what works, we found confirmation of many things we knew or suspected. Independent media outlets vary in size, ambition and model. Few have fully succeeded, while many do one thing well, which typically reflects the founder’s particular strength—usually in journalism or technology [...] Most media outlets we found are small, run by a few full-time staff supplemented by volunteers and freelancers, and supported by a combination of grants, donations and haphazard business endeavors. The leaders at most organizations we interviewed were motivated by a desire to produce high-quality journalism rather than meet particular financial or audience goals." (Executive summary, page 5-7) more

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Crowdfunding in Emerging Markets: Lessons from East African Startups

Washington, DC: World Bank (2015), 15 pp.

"The discussion of opportunity costs, choosing a platform and networking strategies highlights the clear need for more industry data and transparency [...] Further, the private sector can monetize research on network effects and fundraising norms across the continent [...] Regarding the supply of ca ... more

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Crowdfunding the Future: Media Industries, Ethics and Digital Society

Lucy Bennett, Bertha Chin, Bethan Jones (eds.)

New York; Bern et al.: Peter Lang (2015), xii, 274 pp.

"Crowdfunding the Future undertakes a dynamic interdisciplinary approach to the examination of the new, and growing, phenomenon of crowdfunding and its encompassment of digital society and media industries. The book offers a wide range of perspectives and empirical research, providing analyses of cr ... more

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Advancing Independent Journalism While Building a Modern News Business: The Case of Malaysiakini

Tim Carrington

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 12 pp.

"Malaysiakini, an online news platform launched in 1999 in a country of continuous and pervasive media controls, has taken advantage of a precarious space allowing comparatively free journalism on the Internet. Its success in Malaysia is two-fold: First, it has increased demand for reliable and inde ... more

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Motivations Behind Donors' Contributions to Crowdfunding Journalism

Lian Jian, Jieun Shin

Mass Communication & Society, volume 18, issue 2 (2015), pp. 165-185

"Crowdfunded journalism is a new model for funding journalism in which reporters solicit micropayments from readers to finance their reporting. In the present study, we seek to identify the major motivations behind readers' donations to a pioneering crowdfunded journalism website, Spot.Us. Under the ... more

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Creative Funding for Creative Media: Crowdfunding Guide for Media Professionals

Brussels: Future Media Lab; European Magazine Media Association (EMMA); European Crowdfunding Network (ECN) (2014), 26 pp.

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Public Funding of Private Media

Corinne Schweizer, Manuel Puppis, Matthias Künzler, Samuel Studer

London: LSE Media Policy Project (2014), 17 pp.

"As advertising revenues shift to non-journalistic platforms, news organizations face financial difficulties. To safeguard pluralism and editorial competition, alternative funding sources should be considered. Policymakers can support private media organizations with mechanisms such as tax relief or ... more

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Crowdfunding’s Potential for the Developing World

Washington, DC: infoDev Information for Development Program (2013), 101 pp.

"Credible crowdfunding systems require more than entrepreneurs and willing investors. They also need a supportive ecosystem and enabling factors, including forward-thinking regulations, effective technological solutions, and cultures that can adapt to this new investment vehicle. This includes the c ... more

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State Aid for Newspapers: Theories, Cases, Actions

Paul Murschetz (ed.)

Heidelberg et al.: Springer (2013), xii, 402 pp.

"This book provides a comprehensive analysis of today’s global challenges in the print news media’s struggle for survival. It presents current practices concerning government subsidies to newspapers for political, economic, and socio-cultural purposes against the background of declining readersh ... more

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The Wanakonnect Pilot Project: Using Mobile Money to Create a Revenue System for Local Radio Stations in Kenya

Angela Crandall, Leonida Mutuku

Arcata, Calif.; Washington, DC: Internews (2012), 66 pp.

"The community radio stations participating in the pilot project offer special dedication and greeting programs that allow community members to send greetings to friends and family on air. The main objective of this pilot was to understand whether these generally underfunded radio stations could mon ... more

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The Crowdfunding Bible: How to Raise Money for Any Startup, Video Game, or Project

Scott Steinberg, Rusel DeMaria

Read.me; Overload Entertainment (2012), 80 pp.

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Matching the Market and the Model: The Business of Independent News Media

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 34 pp.

"According to this paper, many media businesses lack management skills and experience in developing effective business models. "Compounding this is a lack of media development assistance targeted to media managers, the expansion of economic constraints on media businesses, and a lack of access to in ... more

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Media Advertising and Marketing Toolkit: Radio Booklet

Johannesburg: Media Development & Diversity Agency (MDDA) (2010), 28 pp.

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Funding Journalism in the Digital Age: Business Models, Strategies, Issues and Trends

Jeff Kaye, Stephen Quinn

New York: Peter Lang (2010), 185 pp.

"Quality journalism is expensive to produce – so how will it survive as current sources of revenue shrink? Funding Journalism in the Digital Age not only explores the current challenges, but also provides a comprehensive look at business models and strategies that could sustain the news industry a ... more

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos Top Insights

Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes Top Insights

Punto de inflexión: Impacto, amenazas y sustentabilidad. Estudio de emprendedores de medios digitales latinoamericanos
Top Insights

Fragile Finance: The Revenue Models of Oppositional News Outlets in Repressive Regimes
Top Insights