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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Censorship
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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COVID-19 Communication
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Election Reporting
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Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Foreign Correspondents
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
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Journalistic Social Media Use
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Journalism
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Editorial Independence
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Government Communication Strategies
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Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
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Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
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Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Countering Defamation & Harassment
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Journalism Ethics
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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Journalism Education Curricula
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Photojournalism
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Media Assistance
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Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
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Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Freedom of Expression
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Media / Communication Control
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Community Radios
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Boko Haram
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Feminism & Communication
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Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
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Journalists
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Political Reporting
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Television Journalism
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Local Communication & Media
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Human Rights Protection
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Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
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Military
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Open Data
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
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Election Campaigns
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Catholic Media
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
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Data Protection: Law & Regulation
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
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Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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State Influence on the Media
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Crisis Communication
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
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Alternative Communication & Media
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Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
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Terrorism
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Iraq War (2003)
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Dealing With the Past
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Discourse & Discourse Analysis
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Theatre
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Digital Media Startups
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Online Magazines & Newspapers
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Social Media
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
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Trolling (Social Media)
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
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Minority Journalists
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Religious Minorities & Media
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Humanitarian Law
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Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
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Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
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Health Disinformation & Misinformation
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Identifying & Researching Disinformation
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Media Ownership
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Political Economy of Media
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Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
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Defamation: Effects on Victims
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Defamation Law & Regulation
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
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Bias in News Media
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Self-Regulation of Media
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
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Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
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Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
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Good Practice Examples
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Health Journalism
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History of Journalism
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History of the Press
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Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
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Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
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Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
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Labour Market for Journalists
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Newsroom Management
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
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Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
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Local Television
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International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
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Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
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Media & Communication Policies
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
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Transitional Justice
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Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
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Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
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Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
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Conflict & War Photography
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Hindu Nationalism
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Political Extremism
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Right-Wing Extremism
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Parliaments
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Politics and Media
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Influence of Media on Politics
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Political Transition and Media
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Fundamentalisms (Religious)
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Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
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Human Security
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
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Rohingya
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Al-Jazeera
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Theories of Communication & Media
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Role of Ghanaian News Media Organisations in Countering Threats to Media Freedom and Journalists' Safety
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 186-213
"Journalist safety is vital to media freedom as it shows stakeholders' duties to protect the media from crime and to guard media freedom. The media have the power to combat problems via coverage, yet evidence submits that journalist insecurity persists in Ghana. So, the study aims to examine how the
...
Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067
"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal
...
Silencing the Media and Chaining the Watchdog: Threats to Journalist Safety During Elections in Nigeria
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 214-240
"Over the last two decades, Nigeria has been struggling to consolidate its democratic processes to ensure peaceful campaigns and free and fair polls. But electoral processes require the free flow of verified electoral information and citizen's participation – phenomena that only free media can gua
...
Psychological distress in Afghan journalists: A descriptive study
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 2, issue 3 (2020), pp. 115-123
"Afghanistan is one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions
...
Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan
Global Social Sciences Review, volume 4, issue 2 (2019), pp. 269-275
"While using qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study analyzes the issues and challenges faced by the journalists while working in the areas going under military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and FATA. Based on the hierarchy of influences model, a survey was conducted in Wazirista
...
Emphasizing Journalistic Safety while Reporting in a Conflict Zone: A Case Study of Tribal Areas of Pakistan
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, volume 27, issue 1 (2019), pp. 63-80
"This research paper is designed to examine the problems being faced by the journalists in two of the newly merged tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Khyber District and Mohmand District). The researchers used survey method for data collection. A designed structured questionnaire from the respo
...
Supporting Safety of Journalists in Afghanistan: An Assessment Based on UNESCO's Journalists' Safety Indicators
Paris: UNESCO; International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2019), 129 pp.
"This report maps threats against journalists in Afghanistan between January and December 2017. Divided into five key indicator categories, the report first provides an overview of the safety situation of journalists in Afghanistan; followed by the discussion of the roles and responses of State and
...
Afghan journalists in a balancing act: Coping with deteriorating safety
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 16 pp.
"Afghan journalists have been experiencing a deteriorating situation, due to a multitude of threats. They operate in a situation of low popular literacy, as well as low media literacy. Threats from Taliban and other insurgents cause many journalists to live in constant fear. This article is based on
...
Fixers in corporate media: Pashtun journalists under threat in North Western Pakistan
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 9 pp.
"Local fixers are becoming increasingly important for international media due to escalating security threats to international journalists, budget cuts within international media organizations, and the disappearance of long-stay correspondents. Local fixers give local color and context to news storie
...
The Awareness of Personal and Family Security in the Crisis Reporting and Performance of Journalists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Gomal University Journal of Research, volume 35, issue 2 (2019), pp. 13-22
"Pakistan has been declared as most dangerous country for media professionals all over the world, like, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is the riskiest place due to militancy and insurgency. For this purpose, this research has been conducted to investigate the phenomenon. The research has been conducted thr
...
Culture of impunity and safety of journalists: Is safe journalism a distant dream in Pakistan?
Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 1 (2019), pp. 51-66
"Pakistan’s journalists confront fatal safety risks in the line of their duty and are at the mercy of various types of pressure and extremist groups that threaten, kidnap and even murder them with almost total impunity. Despite the growing violence against journalists in Pakistan, there is a deart
...
Digital security awareness and practices of journalists in Turkey: A descriptive study
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), pp. 1-16
"This study aims to measure the level of digital security awareness of journalists in Turkey who use digital technology in the course of their work. In the study, research questions are answered using data collected by means of an online survey in relation to the digital security risks faced, the ex
...
Journalists' Safety and Multifaceted Censorship in Colombia: An Exploratory Study
International Affairs and Global Strategy, volume 78 (2019), pp. 33-46
"Safety of journalists has been studied as part of freedom of expression. However, there is scarce qualitative research on Colombian regional journalists’ safety. This chapter seeks to address issues surrounding journalists’ safety and censorship in Colombia shedding light on triple menace: the
...
An Investigation into State Suppression of Freedom of Expression in Lesotho
IJCIRAS, volume 2, issue 2 (2019), pp. 75-82
"The constitution of Lesotho gives assurance to freedom of expression which is supposed to protect the rights of journalists in the day to day dispensation of their duties. The situation on the ground however shows the exact opposite. Recent history can show assassination attempts on practicing jour
...
Coping with Audience Hostility. How Journalists’ Experiences of Audience Hostility Influence Their Editorial Decisions
Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2422-2421
"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new
...
Turkey: How to deal with threats to journalism?
In: Transnational Othering – Global Diversities: Media, Extremism and Free Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2019), pp. 171-190
"Journalism has always been an unsafe practice in modern Turkey. However, ties between the political system and democracy have been severed by the recent witch-hunt following the most recent failed coup, in 2016, and the subsequent societal collapse triggered by the administration of the state of em
...
Media corruption and issues of journalistic and institutional integrity in post-communist countries: The case of Bulgaria
Communist and Post-Communist Studies, volume 52, issue 1 (2019), pp. 71-79
"From a normative standpoint the media are usually seen as one of the pillars of a national integrity system, entrusted with the tasks of exposing and preventing acts of corruption and educating the public of the harm caused by corruption. Nevertheless, corruption continues to be one of the most sig
...
Human Security as a Conceptual Framework: The Case of Palestinian Journalists
Journalism Studies, volume 13 (2019), pp. 1920-1939
"This exploratory study introduces a human security framework to examine the challenges that journalists face from daily professional and societal constraints and pressures when attempting to fulfill their role to inform the public in areas of conflict. The research focuses on the influences on Pale
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