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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Self-Censorship
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Censorship
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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Investigative Journalism
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Crime & Violence Reporting
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Journalism Education & Training
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Media Law & Regulation
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War Reporting
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Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
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COVID-19 Communication
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Local Journalism
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Election Reporting
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Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Foreign Correspondents
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Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
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Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
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Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
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Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
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Journalistic Social Media Use
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
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Journalism
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Editorial Independence
3
Government Communication Strategies
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
3
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
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Social Media in Political Communication
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Countering Defamation & Harassment
3
Journalism Ethics
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Journalism Education Curricula
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Photojournalism
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Media Assistance
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Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
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Populism
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Corruption & Combating Corruption
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Media Advocacy, Media Activism
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Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
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Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
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Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
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Exile Journalism, Exile Media
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Freedom of Expression
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Media / Communication Control
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Community Radios
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Boko Haram
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Transitional Justice Reporting
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Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
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Media Criticism
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Accountability & Transparency of the Media
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Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
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Feminism & Communication
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Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
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Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
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Journalists
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Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
2
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Political Reporting
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Television Journalism
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Local Communication & Media
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Human Rights Protection
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Human Rights Violations
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Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
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Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
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Military
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Police
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
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Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
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Public Media, State Media
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Islamist Communications & Media
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Disappeared People, Missing People
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Open Data
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
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Election Campaigns
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Catholic Media
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Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
1
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
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State Influence on the Media
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Crisis Communication
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
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Alternative Communication & Media
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Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
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Terrorism
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Iraq War (2003)
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Dealing With the Past
1
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
1
Theatre
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Digital Media Startups
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Online Magazines & Newspapers
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Social Media
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Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Trolling (Social Media)
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Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Minority Journalists
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Humanitarian Law
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Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
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Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Political Economy of Media
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
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Environmental & Land Conflicts Reporting & Media Representation
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Defamation: Effects on Victims
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Defamation Law & Regulation
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Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Bias in News Media
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Good Practice Examples
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Health Journalism
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History of Journalism
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History of the Press
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Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
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Reporters Sans Frontièrs
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Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
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Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
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Labour Market for Journalists
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Newsroom Management
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Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Local Television
1
International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Transitional Justice
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Extremism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Parliaments
1
Politics and Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Human Security
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
Rohingya
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Safety and Security of Journalists in India: Need for Comprehensive Protective Regulations
In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 119-142
"Globally, upholders of the fourth pillar of democracy have been consistently exposed to security issues and gender discrimination. Many journalists and media professionals are having to pay with their lives in trying to get information. In spite of nations having constitutionally accepted accordanc
...
Vibrant and safe media landscape in Ghana: Reality or mirage?
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), pp. 92-120
"Despite widespread condemnation of assaults on journalists in Ghana and elsewhere in the past, there is increasing evidence of brutality against journalists. When perpetrators of such assaults go unpunished, it fosters a culture of impunity. The article throws searchlight on incidences of assaults
...
Threats to Media Freedom and the Safety of Journalists in Nigeria
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 241-256
"This chapter interrogates long-established and wide-sprung threats to media freedom and journalists' safety in Nigeria. The study used semi-structured interviews to explore field and newsroom experiences. The findings revealed the types of threats to media freedom and journalists' safety, non-exist
...
The danger of words: Major challenges facing Myanmar journalists on reporting the Rohingya conflict
Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1 (2020), pp. 4-22
"Due to the fighting between the Myanmar Army and the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in August 2017, hundreds of thousands of stateless Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. The Myanmar Army was accused of committing torture, atrocities, arson and gang-rapes against the
...
Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists
"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga
...
What Dampen the Indonesian Journalists' Freedom and Safety in the Post-Soeharto New Order?
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 83-105
"This study investigates factors that dampens the Indonesian journalists' freedom and safety in the Post-Soeharto's New Order. To address this research objective, relevant journal articles have been scrutinized. And the in-depth interview data have been derived from the interviews of a former member
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Why are journalists threatened and killed? A portrait of neo-paramilitary anti-press violence in Colombia's Bajo Cauca
Journalism, volume 23, issue 4 (2020), pp. 841-857
"Anti-press violence in Colombia's Bajo Cauca is an inherent part of the structures, which underpin the region's alternative social (dis)order. Through ethnographic interviews with four members of Colombia's neo-paramilitary group, Los Urabenos, who have perpetrated attacks against journalists, this
...
Illegal assaults and treatment of journalists: A big challenge to the journalism profession in Nigeria
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 12, issue 3 (2020), pp. 151-161
"One of the greatest obstacles confronting the journalism profession in the discharge of their duties is the indiscriminate physical and digital threat being experienced by journalists all over the world, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The continuous attacks facing journalists in Africa, mo
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"[...] the Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) and other media actors, in collaboration with the Ghana Police Service, in 2018 began a process to improve relations between the media and the police. As a first step a forum was organised in July 2018 to discuss the safety of journalists and police
...
Types and Sources of Threats to Media Freedom in Uganda
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 257-276
"This chapter contributes to journalism research from the Uganda's context by investigating the types and sources of threats to journalists' safety and media freedom in the country. The authors achieve this by examining relevant documents on the state of journalism in Uganda and interviewing journal
...
Covering Mindanao: The Safety of Local Vs. Non-local Journalists in the Field
Journalism Practice, volume 14, issue 1 (2020), pp. 67-83
"In this study, I examine the perilous conditions facing Filipino journalists covering the Mindanao region, focusing on differences in threats and dangers faced by those who are local to the region and those parachuting in from Manila. Using a qualitative approach, I have conducted one group intervi
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What Compels Journalists to Take a Step Back? Contextualizing the Media Laws and Policies of Bangladesh
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 38-53
"Reports by international organizations suggest that physical violence and threats against journalists and bloggers continued with impunity in Bangladesh, resulting in the country being ranked as 146 in the World Press Freedom Index 2018. Considering the increasing incidents of violence against jour
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Now you [don’t] see me: How have new legislation and changing public awareness of the UK surveillance state impacted OSINT investigations?
Journal of Cyber Policy, volume 5, issue 3 (2020), pp. 429-448
"Open-source intelligence (OSINT) gathering and analysis techniques are used by investigators from a variety of fields, owing to their accessibility and exceptional capacity for corroboration. It has previously been argued that proposed data protection legislation can chill the free press, but there
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Stronger and Safer Together: Motivations for and Challenges of (Trans)National Collaboration in Investigative Reporting in Latin America
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 2 (2020), pp. 196-214
"Despite the growing scholarship on investigative journalism in Latin America, very few studies have addressed collaboration across newsrooms in the region. By analyzing the responses of 251 journalists who work for investigative units in Latin American news outlets, this study explores a) the reaso
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
...
Practices of Self-Censorship Among Nepali Journalists
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 72-82
"Although Nepal has entered a new era of democracy and press freedom since 2006, self-censorship still exists in the reporting/editing of many Nepali journalists. Nepal has more than 100 years of press history, most of it has faced pressure from the government if not censorship. Drawing upon intervi
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The Risks and Challenges for Professional Journalism in the Digital Age: A Malaysian Perspective
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 106-123
"The Internet is a modern Pandora's Box which has exceptionally altered the way we disseminate and receive information messages, particularly news. Despite technological innovations being the apex of our history, it is undeniable that they pose new challenges and threats to a different degree. Hence
...
Journalism in Violent Times: Mexican Journalists' Responses to Threats and Aggressions
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 278-297
"The aim of this chapter is to describe Mexican journalists' responses to constant threats and aggressions. In doing so, it draws on 93 semi-structured interviews conducted in 23 of the most violent states of the country. The results indicate that violence against news workers has a twofold set of i
...
Suffering in Silence: The Resilience of Pakistan’s Female Journalists to Combat Sexual Harassment, Threats and Discrimination
Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 2 (2020), pp. 150-170
"Pakistan’s journalists confront severe safety risks across the country and impunity to crimes against them allows the perpetrators to go unpunished. Now the country is recognized as one of the deadliest places for working journalists in the world. Given this situation, the Pakistani female journa
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The Rise of Secular Nationalist and Islamic-Based Populist Communication Strategies: New Threats to Indonesian Media and Journalists' Freedom
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 124-146
"This study aims to examine the impacts of secular nationalist and Islamic-based populist communication strategies advanced by Jokowi and Prabowo on the Indonesian media and journalists' freedoms during the presidential elections of 2019. To address this topic, this study uses the qualitative method
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