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Journals
Output Type
Press in Stress: Media Under Threat in Balochistan
Islamabad: Intermedia (2011), 20 pp.
"All journalists in Balochistan should undergo conflict sensitive journalism (CSJ) trainings. All journalists should undergo media law clinics to be educated on rights and responsibilities. A Safety Fund for Balochistan should be set up to provide resources on safety and security and address their l
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The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law
London: Working Conference “Safety and Protection of Journalists: A Responsibility for the World” (2011), 28 pp.
"The Initiative on Impunity and the Rule of Law is a global project of the Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield and the Centre for Law, Justice and Journalism (CLJJ) at City University, London. Our aims are to provide an independent platform to assess the effectivene
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Coping with traumatic stress in journalism: A critical ethnographic study
International Journal of Psychology, volume 46, issue 2 (2011), pp. 127-135
"Journalists who witness trauma and disaster events are at risk for physical, emotional, and psychological injury. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a critical ethnographic study among 31 Canadian journalists and photojournalists with regard to coping strategies used to buffer t
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Cyberactivism in the Egyptian Revolution: How Civic Engagement and Citizen Journalism Tilted the Balance
Arab Media & Society, issue 13 (2011), 37 pp.
"The Egyptian revolution was characterized by the instrumental use of social media, especially Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and text messaging by protesters, to bring about political change and democratic transformation. This article focuses on how these new types of media acted as effective tools fo
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Media Policy Paradigm Shift in Turkey: Rethinking Neo-Authoritarian Media Systems in the Age of Neo Liberalism
Acta Universitatis Danubius. Communicatio, volume 5, issue 1 (2011), pp. 40-69
"This article has aimed to open a discussion on the rethinking a neo authoritarian media system in the age of neo liberalism as a case of Turkey’s media experiences. In this context, this study deals with the media policy paradigm shift in the Republic of Turkey since 1980s. According to a recent
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Trauma Journalism: On Deadline in Harm's Way
New York; London: Continuum (2011), ix, 229 pp.
"The role of journalists in covering trauma and tragedy isn’t new. Witnessing acts of violence, destruction and terror has long been the professional responsibility of countless print and broadcast reporters and photographers. But what is new is a growing awareness of the emotional consequences of
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Opening Remarks to the Sessions of the UNESCO International Symposium on Freedom of Expression, 26 January, 2011
Nordicom Review, volume 33, issue 3 (2011), pp. 111-113
"On 26 January 2011, UNESCO hosted the second International Symposium on Freedom of Expression at its Paris headquarters. The Swedish National Commission for UNESCO sponsored the conference. The symposium brought together individuals and organisations linked to the field of journalism and sparked no
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The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 78-95
"Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and h
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Handbook for Journalists
Paris: Reporters Without Borders; UNESCO (2010), 108 pp.
"This handbook is to help journalists working in war zones. There is no magic way to avoid a rocket attack or an ambush, but the tips here are based on common sense (which is too often ignored) and should help many journalists solve a lot of problems. We present basic press freedom documents, declar
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Justifying Self-Censorship: A Perspective from Ethiopia
Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, volume 7, issue 2 (2010), pp. 98-121
"This study investigates self-Censorship practices in Ethiopian state media institutions. Through indepth interviews with 61 journalists, the study discloses extensive use of self-Censorship on the part of journalists who try to conform to the expected reporting style of the state media. The journal
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Safeguarding Speech: A Shield for Journalists under Threat
Harvard International Review, volume 32, issue 3 (2010), pp. 46-49
"Reporters Without Borders monitors abuse of journalists and freedom of the press around the world-a job increasing in difficulty. Since its creation in 1985, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) has become one of the largest international NGOs dedicated to defending press freedom and advocating for the
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Witnessing trauma in the newsroom: Posttraumatic symptoms in television journalists exposed to violent news clips
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, volume 198, issue 4 (2010), pp. 264-271
"Employees working in television newsrooms are exposed to video footage of violent events on a daily basis. It is yet unknown whether they subsequently develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder as has been shown for other populations exposed to trauma through television. We conducted an inte
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The mutual perception between deputies and Spanish parliamentary journalists and its influence in political and media agendas
Revista de Comunicación, volume 9 (2010), pp. 7-25
"This paper examines the relationship between parliamentary journalists and Spanish Members of Parliament. The study, based on surveys, is part of a European research in which Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom have also participated. Among the key conclusions, it highlights the remarkable powe
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The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists: A study of crisis-related factors predicting psychological health in a sample of Finnish journalists
Media, War & Conflict, volume 3, issue 2 (2010), pp. 138–151
"Effects of work-related and personal exposure to potentially traumatic events on PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, compassion fatigue and burnout were examined in 503 Finnish news journalists (238 men, 265 women) by using a web-based survey. Stepwise linear multiple regression analy
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Murdering with impunity: The rise in terror tactics against news reporters
Harvard International Review, volume 32, issue 3 (2010), pp. 41-45
"More journalists were killed last year than ever before. No doubt the world has become a more dangerous place for journalists, but not necessarily in ways that people might expect. The risks to foreign journalists, especially for (but hardly limited to) Western correspondents, have risen dramatical
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The Moment is Frozen in Time: Photojournalists’ Metaphors in Describing Trauma Photography
Journal of Constructivist Psychology, volume 23, issue 3 (2010), pp. 231-255
"In describing their understanding of trauma, disaster, and conflict photography, photojournalists in this qualitative study conceptualized abstract experiences using specific types of metaphors. Their metaphors focused on concepts such as violence, bewilderment, and health/affliction. The unique as
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Libel Tourism: Silencing the Press Through Transnational Legal Threats
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 41 pp.
"This report by Drew Sullivan, a journalist, editor, and media development specialist, explains how lawsuits can force media organizations to censor themselves or limit the distribution of their news content, restricting freedom of expression and thus threatening one of the foundations of democracy.
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Politicians and the News Media: How Elite Attacks Influence Perceptions of Media Bias
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 15, issue 3 (2010), pp. 319-43
"When political elites receive unfavorable news coverage, a common strategy is to attack the source. Past research suggests that attacks on the news media increase perceptions of media bias, but it remains unclear how this occurs. Using two experiments, the author examines how attacks on the news me
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