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Myanmar: Censorship Harms COVID-19 Response
London: Amnesty International (2020), 4 pp.
"The Myanmar authorities should immediately lift curbs on the free flow of information to at-risk communities; ensure journalists, human rights defenders and activists can operate freely and without any harassment, intimidation, arrest, prosecution and imprisonment; and encourage rather than threate
...
Let Free Media Thrive: Stories of Impact of the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 19 pp.
"2019 has seen major achievements resulting from needs-based, and specifically-tailored support through the Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP). Actions building on ongoing work and others opening new avenues, have initiated substantial changes in favour of
...
Ethnic Media Study: Media Habits and Media Representation of Ethnic Minorities in Myanmar
International Media Support (IMS); Fojo Media Institute (2020), 18 pp.
"The study examines content produced and distributed to ethnic minorities in Mon, Kayin and Kayah and looks into the news and media habits and understandings of the same groups. It consists of two different research efforts: a content analysis and a qualitative audience study. The content analysis f
...
Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.
"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t
...
Good for Business: Creating Inclusive Media Businesses in Myanmar
Deep Insights
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), [31 pp.]
"Our inclusion survey, conducted with 35 private media outlets operating in Yangon and in seven ethnic states and five regions, provides up-to-date inclusion and gender data about the sector. Among the findings: while many women work in media (they represent 33% of the combined staff of the 35 outle
...
Information Ecosystem Assessment of First Time Youth Voters in Myanmar’s 2020 Election
Internews (2020), iv, 55 pp.
"Facebook is “best” source of information for elections, but television is still most trusted Among irst time youth voters, 83% of survey respondents cited Facebook as the best channel to receive elections information. In Myanmar, Facebook and the Internet are virtually interchangeable. Key Info
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Collaborating with Refugees: Power, Ethics and Reciprocity in Documentary Filmmaking
Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, issue 18 (2019), pp. 160-174
"Representing stories through documentary film can offer a means to convey multilayered and sensory accounts of the lived experiences of people in extreme transition, especially former refugees. However, along with the potential of this medium comes the responsibility to engage with participants in
...
Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), x, 637 pp.
"The book includes an extensive section on the echoes of Rwanda, which looks at the cases of Darfur, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, and South Sudan, while the impact of social media as a new actor is examined through chapters on social media use by the Islamic State and in Syria and in other
...
Facebooking in Myanmar: From Hate Speech to Fake News to Partisan Political Communication
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), 10 pp.
"Facebook is the Internet in Myanmar, and it presents both opportunities for and challenges to the government, the opposition, and the people in a country that is in transition. Facebook has gained notoriety as a platform for hate speech and fake news in Myanmar over the past seven years. Facebook h
...
Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar
Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.
"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
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Global Digital Cultures: Perspectives from South Asia
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2019), viii, 317 pp.
"Digital media histories are part of a global network, and South Asia is a key nexus in shaping the trajectory of digital media in the twenty-first century. Digital platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp, and others are deeply embedded in the daily lives of millions of people around the world, shaping ho
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The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival
Deep Insights
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2019), 90 pp.
"This report analyses the Chin media sector. It is based on research conducted by MDIF from late 2018 through December 2019, as well as a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted by Myanmar Survey Research (MSR) in May 2019. The report provides data on the Chin media operations themselves, as w
...
Harmful Disinformation in Southeast Asia: “Negative Campaigning”, “Information Operations” and “Racist Propaganda” – Three Forms of Manipulative Political Communication in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, volume 18, issue 2 (2019), pp. 68-89
"When comparing media freedom in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, so-called “fake news” appears as threats to a deliberative (online) public sphere in these three diverse contexts. However, “racist propaganda”, “information operations” and “negative campaigning” might be more accurat
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Cracking the Glass Ceiling in Myanmar Media
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 243-250
"Pre-publication censorship has been abolished, private journals and papers abound (although the issue of consolidation caused by financial strains is another matter) and, depending on your calculations, there are between 2,000 and 5,000 accredited journalists in Myanmar, at least half of whom are w
...
Women and Puppetry: Critical and Historical Investigations
London; New York: Routledge (2019), 222 pp.
"Through understanding audience members’ priorities, views and experiences, Yay Kyi Yar ['Towards Clearer Water', a factual magazine radio programme] has been able to engage and inspire people. Listeners were driven by stories of ‘people like them’ achieving things they had not thought possibl
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Myanmar's Pop Music Industry in Transition
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 267-286
"I begin this chapter with a review of the scholarly literature on music scenes during and after political transitions. Next, I report on how Myanmar's popular music scene developed in the immediate wake of the cancellation of censorship. I argue that the popular music scene is being significantly a
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Social Communication Needs for the Church in Myanmar: Towards an "Online Church"!
Manila: University of Santo Tomas, Master Thesis (2019), xiv, 152 pp.
"Radio Veritas Asia-Myanmar Service (RVA-MS) had been broadcasting socio-political and religious programming in Shortwave (SW) since November 11, 1978. However, on 30 June 2018, RVA stopped broadcasting in SW and migrated to the internet-based multiplatform broadcasting along with the use of Social
...
Legal Changes for Media and Expression: New Reforms, Old Controls
"This chapter provides an overview of the laws related to media and free expression introduced or changed in Myanmar since 2011. We begin with a review of the literature on media legal reforms during transitions, followed by a mapping of the media laws in Myanmar and issues related to the reform pro
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