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The danger of words: Major challenges facing Myanmar journalists on reporting the Rohingya conflict
Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1 (2020), pp. 4-22
"Due to the fighting between the Myanmar Army and the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in August 2017, hundreds of thousands of stateless Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. The Myanmar Army was accused of committing torture, atrocities, arson and gang-rapes against the
...
Contemporary Women Filmmakers in Myanmar: Reflections on a Visit in February 2019
Bioscope, volume 11, issue 1 (2020), pp. 78-91
"Existing accounts of Myanmar’s film industry available to English speakers are more than twenty years out of date. Opening with a brief overview of cinema in Myanmar since 2000, this article is based on a recent visit to the Myanmar Motion Picture Development Department and the Yangon Film School
...
Situation Analysis of Community Media Sustainability in Myanmar
Yangon: UNESCO (2020), 32 pp.
"The potential role of community radio in Myanmar cannot be over-emphasized. Myanmar expands along a rich diversity of geography, populations, cultures, and languages. The people of Myanmar speak different languages and express in different cultural contexts. In this regard, community radio can in a
...
Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19: A Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) Survey
Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 39 pp.
"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t
...
Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), x, 637 pp.
"The book includes an extensive section on the echoes of Rwanda, which looks at the cases of Darfur, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, and South Sudan, while the impact of social media as a new actor is examined through chapters on social media use by the Islamic State and in Syria and in other
...
The Metamorphosis of Media in Myanmar's Ethnic States
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 210-228
"In this chapter I explore the challenging move from the borderlands and the growth of the media sector inside the ethnic states. The outlets launched inside now outnumber those that have moved inside. BNI's members - now totalling fourteen - are also in the minority. Yet in many ways it is Burma Ne
...
Harmful Disinformation in Southeast Asia: “Negative Campaigning”, “Information Operations” and “Racist Propaganda” – Three Forms of Manipulative Political Communication in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, volume 18, issue 2 (2019), pp. 68-89
"When comparing media freedom in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, so-called “fake news” appears as threats to a deliberative (online) public sphere in these three diverse contexts. However, “racist propaganda”, “information operations” and “negative campaigning” might be more accurat
...
Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Deep Insights
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), xix, 407 pp.
"Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change is the first volume to overview the country’s contemporary media landscape, providing a critical assessment of the sector during the complex and controversial political transition. Moving beyond the focus on journalism and freedom of th
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Facebooking in Myanmar: From Hate Speech to Fake News to Partisan Political Communication
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), 10 pp.
"Facebook is the Internet in Myanmar, and it presents both opportunities for and challenges to the government, the opposition, and the people in a country that is in transition. Facebook has gained notoriety as a platform for hate speech and fake news in Myanmar over the past seven years. Facebook h
...
"Through understanding audience members’ priorities, views and experiences, Yay Kyi Yar ['Towards Clearer Water', a factual magazine radio programme] has been able to engage and inspire people. Listeners were driven by stories of ‘people like them’ achieving things they had not thought possibl
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Dashed Hopes: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar
Human Rights Watch (2019), 87 pp.
"This report—based largely on interviews in Myanmar and analysis of legal and policy changes since 2016—assesses the NLD government’s record on freedom of expression and assembly in its more than two years in power. It updates Human Rights Watch’s prior report, “They Can Arrest You at Any
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Exploring Digital and Mobile Cultures in Myanmar 2019
Phandeeyar (2019), 41 pp.
Yangon Film School’s Advanced Filmmaking Course Project: Independent Evaluation
Helsinki: Vikes (2019), 64 pp.
Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar
Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.
"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
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Covering Rakhine: Journalism, Conflict and Identity
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 229-238
"In this chapter I explore the challenge of gaining access, and remaining independent, in an ethnic state where you are expected to be on one side of the conflict or on the other. For decades the military junta restricted access to information and wielded a powerful propaganda strategy. This has had
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Whispered Support: Two Decades of International Aid for Independent Journalism and Free Expression
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 95-130
"This chapter is drawn primarily from Jane Madlyn McElhone's thirteen years of in-field experience in Myanmar and other nations in transition, as well as key informant interviews she conducted in 2017 and 2018 [...] Our discussion is driven by a series of interlinked questions. Who were the key medi
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Collaborating with Refugees: Power, Ethics and Reciprocity in Documentary Filmmaking
Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, issue 18 (2019), pp. 160-174
"Representing stories through documentary film can offer a means to convey multilayered and sensory accounts of the lived experiences of people in extreme transition, especially former refugees. However, along with the potential of this medium comes the responsibility to engage with participants in
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Health Education Through Mass Media Announcements by Loudspeakers About Malaria Care: Prevention and Practice Among People Living in a Malaria Endemic Area of Northern Myanmar
Malaria Journal, volume 18, issue 362 (2019), 11 pp.
"Background: Interventions to raise community awareness about malaria prevention and treatment have used various approaches with little evidence on their efficacy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of loudspeaker announcements regarding malaria care and prevention practices among peopl
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Counter-Narratives: Myanmar's Digital Media Activists
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 377-386
"In the months before Myanmar's national elections in November 2015, Khin Oo says she began to engage directly with Facebook users to dispel rumours and misinformation that, in her view, propagated hate and inflamed intercommunal tensions. She posted "right speech" and "right information" by comment
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Epilogue: Media Studies in Myanmar. Where Do We Go from Here?
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 387-394
"Academic studies of Myanmar media in English are few and far between, although this is starting to change as the country continues to open and a new generation of Myanmar scholars emerges. Many of the studies that do exist fall into common conceptual traps, such as an overemphasis on journalism or
...