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Snapshot of a Shadow War: A Preliminary Analysis of Twitter Activity Linked to the Azerbaijan–Armenia Conflict

Elise Thomas, Albert Zhang
Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2020), 29 pp.
"The rapid escalation in the long-running conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia which took place in late September 2020 has been shadowed by a battle across social media for control of the international narrative about the conflict. On Twitter, large numbers of accounts supporting both sides have ... more
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Identities Experiencing the Internet: Nepal Survey Report

Shubha Kayastha, Mamata Pokharel
Body & Data (2020), 39 pp.
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FactShala User Study: Executive Summary. Baseline Status of Internet Users in India

Internews; DataLEADS; fact India Media Literacy Network (2020), 29 pp.
"The study revealed some clear patterns about why people fall for misinformation, regardless of their age, gender or education level. Some of the key trends common across city and village respondents were: 1. Majority of the respondents do not question the source of the information, or assess if the ... more
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China’s Digital Silk Road: Strategic Implications for the EU and India

Richard Ghiasy, Rajeshwari Krishnamurthy
New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (IPCS) (2020), 25 pp.
"This paper offers a big-picture analysis of the Chinese Digital Silk Road’s (DSR) three most strategically pressing implications for the EU and India. It does so by analysing the DSR’s global progress and specific impacts in Europe and South Asia. The three implications are: a) the creation of ... more
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News Literacy in Bangladesh: National Survey

Saiful Alam Chowdhury
Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI) (2020), 109 pp.
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Reforming Journalism Education on a Tertiary Level in Afghanistan: Recommendations for a Dual Education Model

Kefa Hamidi, Alessandra Brüchner
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), 20 pp.
"The importance of journalism’s role in society is beyond debate. Particularly in so-called fragile states, the social responsibility of media and journalism cannot be denied. Journalism education must account for the high level of skills required by journalists, and the ‘mediation’ function o ... more
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Security challenges for journalists and the mass media in advancing free speech in war torn countries: The case of Afghanistan

Mohammad Tamim Sediqi, Farid Sufian Shuaib
Journal of Islamic Law, volume 16, issue 1 (2020), pp. 59-77
"The challenges faced by journalists and mass media in war torn countries are serious. The same could be said to be the case in Afghanistan. Though freedom of speech and of the mass media are among the on-going struggles of the Afghan people after the fall of the Taliban regime, it is worrying that ... more
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Fact-Checking and Source Verification Manual in Times of COVID-19: Journalists and Media Organizations

Maryam Saeed, Seerat Khan, Muhammad Usman
Digital Rights Foundation (DRF) (2020), 50 pp.
"Without proper training in digital news verification, the dissemination of misinformation is both rapid and disastrous. Journalists are often processing a massive amount of information through social media with very little time to verify it--this presents unique challenges for journalists working w ... more
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Keeping it Clean: Exploring Discourses of Development on Indian Community Radio

Bridget Backhaus
Third World Quarterly, volume 41, issue 12 (2020), pp. 2130-2147
"Community radio in India operates within a clear framework of development. This calls into question the fundamental purpose of community radio: communication rights, activism, voice, community participation or development? Drawing on ethnographic research conducted at two rural stations in South In ... more
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Journalism in Turkey: Practices, Challenges, Opportunities

Devrim Ince, Yurdagül Bezirgan Arar (eds.)
Berlin: Peter Lang (2020), 304 pp.
"Journalism in Turkey has an ambivalent characteristic. On the one hand, the social demand for genuine journalism has increased, and on the other hand, news has turned into a tool within the polluted political polarization atmosphere. In the age of fake news and post-truth, practices of journalism i ... more
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Red lines of journalism. Digital surveillance, safety risks and journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan

Sadia Jamil
In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship
Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 29-46
"Drawing on Reese’s hierarchy of influences model, this study investigates the extent to which safety risks and digital surveillance result in journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan. This study also explores the key areas of journalists’ self-censorship in the country and how it affects thei ... more
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Afghanistan

Karl-Heinz Lutz (ed.)
Paderborn; Potsdam: Schöningh; Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr (ZMSBw), 4., aktual. und veränd. Aufl. (2020), 272 pp.
"Der »Wegweiser zur Geschichte: Afghanistan« erschien erstmals 2006. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt kämpften die US-Streitkräfte und ihre Verbündeten im Rahmen der Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) bereits mehrere Jahre auch auf afghanischem Boden gegen den internationalen Terroris mus. Die Kräfte der Int ... more
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Images and Misinformation in Political Groups: Evidence from WhatsApp in India

Kiran Garimella, Dean Eckles
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 5 (2020), 12 pp.
"WhatsApp is a key medium for the spread of news and rumors, often shared as images. We study a large collection of politically-oriented WhatsApp groups in India, focusing on the period leading up to the 2019 Indian national elections. By labeling samples of random and popular images, we find that a ... more
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Das Indernet: Eine rassismuskritische Internet-Ethnografie

Urmila Goel
Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 448 pp.
"Im Jahr 2000 gründeten drei junge Männer das Internetportal »Indernet« – einen deutschsprachigen Raum von »Indern der zweiten Generation« für »Inder der zweiten Generation«. Aufbauend auf Material, das sie über 17 Jahre gesammelt hat, legt Urmila Goel in ihrer Ethnografie drei Mosaike d ... more
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Digital Inequalities in the Global South

Massimo Ragnedda, Anna Gladkova (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2020), xvii, 372 pp.
"This book discusses how digital inequalities today may lead to other types of inequalities in the Global South. Contributions to this collection move past discussing an access problem - a binary division between 'haves and have-nots' - to analyse complex inequalities in the internet use, benefits, ... more
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The Contagion of Hate in India

Laxmi Murthy
Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2020), 23 pp.
"This paper attempts to understand the phenomenon of hate speech and its potential to legitimise discrimination and promote violence against its targets. It lays out the interconnections between Islamophobia, hate speech and acts of physical violence against Muslims. The role of social media, especi ... more
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Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Nepal

Chindu Sreedharan, Einar Thorsen, Laxman Upreti, Shreeman Sharma
Kathmandu: Nepal Press Institute (2020), 26 pp.
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Role of Media in Delivering the SDGs: A Mapping Exercise on Bangladesh

Debapriya Bhattacharya, Towfiqul Islam Khan, Mostafa Amir Sabbih
Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue (2020), 37 pp.
"The present paper identifies five key roles of media in contributing to the SDGs delivery. These include: channeling information flow, ensuring proper monitoring and accountability, acting as an enabler of a ‘culture of peace’, upholding marginalised voices and facilitating the localisation of ... more
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Media Influence Matrix: India. Funding Journalism

Vibodh Parthasarathi, Simran Agarwal
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 40 pp.
"The largest players in terms of funding spent in the media are commercial advertisers. In 2018 advertising contributed €7.8bn to the media funding in India, an annual growth rate of 11.5%. Advertising makes the largest cut in the operating revenues of the news media. Subscription revenue does not ... more
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Professionalism, Safety Measures, and Threats: An Exploratory Approach

Syed Muhammad Bilal Shah, Farish Ullah Khan Yousafzai
Paradigms, volume 14, issue 1 (2020), pp. 117-124
"All citizens have equal rights to lead their life in any country in the world. The primary responsibility of the government is to protect the rights of all human beings on equal basis residing in a country. This study is an endeavor to highlight the intensity and reasons behind the threats received ... more