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Computational Propaganda: Political Parties, Politicians, and Political Manipulation on Social Media

Samuel C. Woolley, Philip N. Howard (eds.)

New York: Oxford University Press (2019), vi, 263 pp.

"Computational propaganda is an emergent form of political manipulation that occurs over the Internet. The term describes the assemblage of social media platforms, autonomous agents, algorithms, and big data tasked with the manipulation of public opinion. Our research shows that this new mode of int ... more

External Link (212)

Digital News Report 2019

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 153 pp.

"Despite the efforts of the news industry, we find only a small increase in the numbers paying for any online news – whether by subscription, membership, or donation. Growth is limited to a handful of countries mainly in the Nordic region (Norway 34%, Sweden 27%) while the number paying in the US ... (16%) remains stable after a big jump in 2017. • Even in countries with higher levels of payment, the vast majority only have ONE online subscription – suggesting that ‘winner takes all’ dynamics are likely to be important. One encouraging development though is that most payments are now ‘ongoing’, rather than one-offs. In some countries, subscription fatigue may also be setting in, with the majority preferring to spend their limited budget on entertainment (Netflix/Spotify) rather than news. With many seeing news as a ‘chore’, publishers may struggle to substantially increase the market for high-priced ‘single title’ subscriptions. As more publishers launch pay models, over two-thirds (70%) of our sample in Norway and half (50%) in the United States now come across one or more barriers each week when trying to read online news. In many countries, people are spending less time with Facebook and more time with WhatsApp and Instagram than this time last year. Few users are abandoning Facebook entirely, though, and it remains by far the most important social network for news. Social communication around news is becoming more private as messaging apps continue to grow everywhere. WhatsApp has become a primary network for discussing and sharing news in non-Western countries like Brazil (53%) Malaysia (50%), and South Africa (49%). People in these countries are also far more likely than in the West to be part of large WhatsApp groups with people they don’t know – a trend that reflects how messaging applications can be used to easily share information at scale, potentially encouraging the spread of misinformation. Public and private Facebook Groups discussing news and politics have become popular in Turkey (29%) and Brazil (22%) but are much less used in Western countries such as Canada (7%) or Australia (7%). Concern about misinformation and disinformation remains high despite efforts by platforms and publishers to build public confidence. In Brazil 85% agree with a statement that they are worried about what is real and fake on the internet." (Summary, page 9) more

Google Scholar (153)

WorldCat (158)

Nachgefragt: Medienkompetenz in Zeiten von Fake News

Manfred Theisen

Berlin: Zentralen für Politische Bildung, Sonderausg. (2019), 130 pp.

"Jugendliche informieren sich heute primär digital. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass sie bei der Nutzung von digitalen Medien in der Lage sind, Nachrichten und Informationsquellen richtig einzuordnen und wahre von falschen Meldungen zu unterscheiden. Dieses Buch gibt kompetent Auskunft zum Thema. Google ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Romania. Technology, Public Sphere and Journalism

Dumitrita Holdis, Marius Dragomir

Budapest: CEU School of Public Policy, Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 23 pp.

"Convergence of services usually affects the quality and price of services offered by providers. However, this has not been the case in Romania yet. People benefit from a very competitive market and enjoy fairly cheap services, but the implications of convergence on the content made available to con ... more

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Fake news as a two-dimensional phenomenon: A framework and research agenda

Jana Laura Egelhofer, Sophie Lecheler

Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 43, issue 2 (2019), pp. 97-116

"Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that ‘fake news’ alludes to two dimensions of political communication: the fake news genre (i.e. the deliberate creation of pseudojournalistic disinformation) and the fake news label (i.e. the instrumentalization of the term to delegitimize ne ... more

External Link (155)

International Standards and Comparative National Approaches to Countering Disinformation in the Context of Freedom of the Media

Andrey Rikhter

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media; International Press Institute (IPI) (2019), 57 pp.

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Integridad y ética de los medios de comunicación

Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2019), 30 pp.

"El módulo explora la importancia crítica de la ética para medios tradicionales, como el periodismo, y para medios modernos, como las redes sociales. La presencia de las redes sociales y las noticias digitales ha aumentado la responsabilidad ética de la gente que opera en este campo, especialmen ... more

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CIGI-Ipsos Global Survey Internet Security & Trust 2019, Part 3: Social Media, Fake News & Algorithms

Ipsos; Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), 213 slides

"1. Majorities around the globe say that social media has increased their ease of communications & access to information, but are mixed on its impact on civility. On balance, it is seen as a positive, but not without its problems. (slides 8-34). 2. Four in ten (44%) admit to being duped by fake news ... more

External Link (136)

The Business of Misinformation: Slovakia. Snake Oil Spills Onto the Web

Jozef Michal Mintal, Alex Rusnák

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 12 pp.

"The presented report looks at 49 major Slovak disinformation and misinformation websites and sketches out their ownership as well as financial background. The report succeeds in identifying the ownership or operational structure behind 35 websites. In terms of financial data, the report canvasses f ... more

External Link (146)

The Business of Misinformation: Hungary. Pushing Politics, Picking Pockets

Judit Szakács

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 20 pp.

"It is almost impossible to obtain information about who is behind Hungarian misinformation websites; financial information about them is even harder to come by; Hungarian misinformation websites fall on the spectrum from purely ideological sites to simple moneymaking machines; Facebook appears to b ... more

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¿Qué hacer frente a las fake news?

Philipp Müller, Nora Denner

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2019), 30 pp.

"Para contestar la pregunta de qué hacer frente a las “Fake News”, se prohíbe dar respuestas simplistas. El presente dictamen argumenta que borrar “Fake News” de las redes sociales no es una panacea. Todo lo contrario: Los populistas percibirían su eliminación como una confirmación de s ... us actitudes basadas en teorías conspirativas y verían otro motivo para criticar a las élites. También es probable que los usuarios más susceptibles en este sentido se retiren hacia lugares más apartados del Internet, con lo cual se refuerza la fragmentación de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, la Ley sobre la Exigibilidad Jurídica en las Redes (Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz, NetzDG) es el enfoque equivocado. También los mensajes de advertencia que de manera generalizada marcan noticias como “Fake News” pueden desplegar efectos más bien negativos: Por un lado, estas advertencias en el News Feed caen fácilmente en el olvido, mientras que la noticia en sí se queda en la memoria del usuario. Por el otro lado, los usuarios pueden percibir advertencias generales en su News Feed como una intervención en su libertad de decisión autónoma y por consiguiente enojarse. Por lo tanto, es importante aplicar estos instrumentos con un enfoque hacia la responsabilidad propia de los usuarios. Las libertades de información y de expresión como libertades fundamentales son indispensables para el funcionamiento de las sociedades democráticas. Las medidas, ya sean dictadas por el Estado o desarrolladas por las propias redes sociales, tienen que tomarlo en cuenta. Por lo tanto, el dictamen recomienda las siguientes medidas: Promoción escolar y extraescolar de la competencia mediática para proteger contra influencias mediáticas nocivas y fomentar un espíritu crítico en el usuario. Utilización de mensajes de advertencia antes de difundir las “Fake News”. Esta medida hace un llamamiento a la responsabilidad de los usuarios, por lo cual tiene sentido. Fomento y cultivo de un diálogo sociopolítico respetuoso para evitar la formación de grupos a favor y en contra de las élites. Intensificación y coordinación de la investigación nacional e internacional sobre el uso de los medios de comunicación y el efecto de las “Fake News” para llegar a una evaluación final de los peligros y un tra bajo informativo eficiente." (Sinopsis, página 5) more

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Google Scholar (168)

WorldCat (162)

Mobile-First Journalism: Producing News for Social and Interactive Media

Steve Hill, Paul Bradshaw

London; New York: Routledge (2019), xiv, 223 pp.

Combining theory and practice, Mobile-First Journalism examines how audiences view, share and engage with journalism on internet-connected devices and through social media platforms. The book examines the interlinked relationship between mobile technology, social media and apps, covering the entire ... more

External Link (148)

The Business of Misinformation: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lying for Profit

Semir Dzebo

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2019), 8 pp.

"The websites creating misinformation content in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be classified into four categories based on their financial and/or political motivations and the extent to which they provide valuable journalistic contributions. The majority of misinformation websites are motivated solely ... more

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Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu
Deep Insights

Fondation Hirondelle; Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative; ICREDES (2019), 39 pp.

"The information ecosystem in DRC is fragmented and fragile. It is characterised by a great number of media outlets, however their level of professionalism is low and their vulnerability to partisan capture is high. This fragility is replicated in the online space. The Congolese population rely heav ... ily on informal sources of information such as word of mouth, interpersonal communication with family and friends. The scarcity of reliable information open avenues for the rumours and misinformation to spread. This context presents serious challenges for the promotion of good governance and accountability that requires well informed citizens. To better address those challenges, it is necessary to understand the main sources and dynamics of information flows both offline and online, and through media and non-media channels. A consortium composed of Fondation Hirondelle (FH), Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) and the Institut Congolais de Recherche en Développement et Etudes Stratégiques (ICREDES) was created in order to provide a more holistic view of the Congolese information ecosystem and to identify opportunities for entry. Due to the limited time and resources of the study, and because of the pre-existing networks and capacities of the consortium in this region, its focus is on North Kivu. To identify the voices, networks and themes that dominated this information ecosystem in this region, three levels of analysis were chosen: 1. The sources and level of information of the local populations. This analysis was provided by HHI that implemented household surveys of large samples of populations in Eastern DRC; 2. The sources of information of local journalists. This analysis was provided by FH that surveyed a network of 18 local radios in North Kivu; 3. The network and content analysis of digital and social media provided by DEMOS [...] Findings: Radio is the primary media source of information for the population of Eastern DRC (78% of the sample listens to it occasionally and 43% daily [...] The main sources of information depend on the context and the nature of the information people are seeking [...] The results highlight the lack of reliability of information sources (46% of respondents expressed a moderate to high level of confidence in local radio, and 39% for national radio) ..." (Executive summary) more

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Understanding Information Disorder

Claire Wardle

First Draft (2019), 61 pp.

External Link (127)

The State of Deepfakes: Landscape, Threats, and Impact

Amsterdam: Deeptrace (2019), 20 pp.

"Our research revealed that the deepfake phenomenon is growing rapidly online, with the number of deepfake videos almost doubling over the last seven months to 14,678. This increase is supported by the growing commodification of tools and services that lower the barrier for non-experts to create dee ... more

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Desinformação: Ameaça ao direito à comunicação muito além das fake news

São Paulo: Intervozes (2019), 46 pp.

"A luta contra a desinformação não é nova, mas atingiu proporções inimagináveis há algumas décadas. O volume de conteúdos, a velocidade e o alcance conferiram mudanças qualitativas ao problema, exigindo um esforço para a descoberta de novas formas de enfrentá-lo. Longe de esgotarmos o a ... more

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Direito à comunicação no Brasil 2018

São Paulo: Intervozes (2019), 80 pp.

External Link (177)

Disinformation Campaigns and Hate Speech: Exploring the Relationship and Programming Interventions

Lisa Reppell, Erica Shein

Arlington: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) (2019), 11 pp.

Google Scholar (192)

WorldCat (179)

Catholic Church and the Public Sphere: Dialogue, Respect and Freedom of Expression

Jordi Pujol, Cristian Mendoza (eds.)

Roma: Edizioni Santa Croce (2019), 156 pp.

"This book gathers the main conferences and a selection of the communication of the eleventh edition of the Professional Seminar for Church Communications Offices: Dialogue, Respect and Freedom of Expression in the Public Sphere, organized by the School of Church Communications of the Pontifical Uni ... more

Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu Deep Insights

Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu
Deep Insights