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An analysis of the effectiveness of civic education radio programmes among youths in Freetwon, Sierra Leone

John Peter Bebeley

Port Harcourt: Catholic Institute of West Africa, Master Thesis (2024), x, 141 pp.

"This study investigated the effectiveness of civic education radio programmes on the behaviour of the youth in Freetown, Sierra Leone and how assessing and evaluating them could restructure the approach in order to yield the desired goals of supplementing the conventional school systems. “There i ... more

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Understanding Homeless Media: A Study on Social Media Based Informal Local News in Five Indonesian Cities

Geger Riyanto et al.

Remotivi; Internews (2024), 107 pp.

"Homeless media refers to news outlets that initially distributed information solely through social media, with the majority of them now based on Instagram. Nowadays, as our findings suggest, homeless media outlets have emerged as an important source of local news, referred to for their quick update ... and locally relevant content. Using content analysis of their news, interviews with homeless media founders and personnel, and discussions with media audiences, this study attempts to understand their emergence and dynamics, how they are positioned among other actors in the contemporary Indonesian media landscape, and their prospects and issues. [...] The following are the main findings of this study: • Homeless media outlets are mostly run informally, with only a few employees. Only one from nine we interviewed is registered as a media entity, and that was only after years of operation. There are two homeless media outlets that are only managed by one person. Others are mostly managed by two to five people. They may hire more on occasion if they need to create higher-quality content, such as endorsements. • Four homeless media outlets we interviewed began as something entirely different, such as hobby, community, or paid Instagram promotion pages. They changed course after noticing increased engagement by providing local news, as well as citizens voluntarily sending them newsworthy incidents to be published. • As the majority of homeless media outlets are not legally registered as a media entity, this raises concerns about governance among government officials and journalists. However, our homeless media interlocutors stated that they have implemented an internal code of conduct, particularly in terms of filtering misinformation. • The informality of homeless media outlets provides them with advantageous flexibility, allowing them to respond to audience submissions or circulating internet content while making quick decisions about what content to publish. • The most engaging content on homeless media is related to crime, followed by city facts, eccentric citizen behavior, city romantization, commotion among citizens, and accidents; however, they most frequently post about shopping/service recommendations, government policies, crime, culinary recommendations, and city facts. • Homeless media outlets provide impressively specific and local news to their audiences immediately after it occurs, thanks to audience submissions and the circulating local social media content. They function as an effective local information hub. • Nonetheless, because homeless media outlets rely on social media as a publishing platform and distribution channel, losing their accounts, whether due to a social media ban or hacking, can pose a significant risk to their operations. Our interlocutors have no plans to mitigate the risk. This happened to another account managed by @merapi_uncover personnel, and they were unable to do anything about it. • Many of our audience interlocutors admit to being first exposed to local news through homeless media, and they actively use homeless media outlets to learn about recent events in their community, such as incidents they witnessed or traffic jams. • Homeless media’s most engaging content—city facts and romantization—evokes a sense of connection between the audience and their city. • Although not all, homeless media outlets may become participatory spaces, with citizens using them to draw attention to incidents or public issues, or to respond to other posts. [...]" (Executive summary, pages 3-5) more

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Expectations of News Media in Uganda: Advancing a Theory of Relative Institutional Trust in Journalism

Meagan E. Doll

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 1873–1892

"Compared with work on trust in news, surprisingly little research examines audiences’ expectations of journalism. Audiences’ expectations, after all, elucidate public opinion of news, including the criteria by which news and journalists may be trusted. Journalism expectancy research is particul ... more

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Persisting inequalities in the digitalized society: Migrant women facing coercive dimensions of everyday digitalization

Ulla Buchert, Sirpa Wrede, Anne Kouvonen

Information, Communication & Society, volume 27, issue 5 (2024), pp. 935-950

"Understanding the ubiquitous digitalization of everyday life and associated inequalities presupposes rich conceptualizations of the associated social dynamics. Accordingly, we investigate digital service domestication as a social dimension of people’s lives, building on concepts that center users ... more

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‘We’re Losing Our Bread and Butter Like Never Before’: Journalism in Bangladesh in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Shaharior Rahman Razu, Fajlay Rabbi, Mahdi-Al-Muhtasim Nibir, Farhana Hoque, Shahidul Islam

In: Communicating COVID-19: Media, Trust, and Public Engagement

Monique Lewis, Eliza Govender, Kate Holland (eds.)

Palgrave Macmillan (2024), pp. 65-82

"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increased challenge for journalists and media professionals worldwide. However, there is a lack of information on these adversities in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. Our study aims to explore these challenges and risks associated with journalism ... more

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“No One Is Going to Silence Me”: A Comparison of the Conditions for Press Freedom and Independent Journalism as a Prerequisite for Democracy in the United States, Sweden, and Egypt

Elin Rantakrans

In: Handbook of Applied Journalism: Theory and Practice

Leon Barkho, Jairo Alfonso Lugo-Ocando, Sadia Jamil (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2024), pp. 615-629

"This chapter looks at the status of the freedom of the press, and the legal possibilities and obstacles that affect media’s ability to hold power to account and safeguard the principles of democracy. The legal environment in countries as diverse as the United States, Egypt, and Sweden differs gre ... more

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The Journalism in Climate Change Websites: Their Distinct Forms of Specialism, Content, and Role Perceptions

James Painter, Jarkko Kangas, Risto Kunelius, Adrienne Russell

Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 4 (2024), pp. 954-973

"Survey results from news consumers around the world suggest that specialist or niche websites covering climate change are now one of the most important sources of climate information. However, there is very little detailed scholarship about these sites. We carried out semi-structured interviews wit ... more

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Bound by Exile: Exploring Kinship Dynamics and Role Perceptions among Diaspora Journalists

Tomás Dodds, Rana Arafat, Wang Ngai Yeung

Journalism Studies (2024), 20 pp.

"The escalating dangers journalists face globally have led to a marked increase in media professionals seeking safety away from their home countries. As a result, journalists are increasingly forced to choose between silence and survival, with many opting for the latter in the form of diaspora reloc ... more

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‘Journalism in another form’: How exile experiences from Burundi renegotiate key elements of journalism

Louisa Esther, Richard H. Thomas

Media, War & Conflict, volume 18, issue 2 (2024), pp. 273-294

"Since the renewed outbreak of the ongoing crisis in Burundi in May 2015, triggering a media crackdown, over one-third of the country’s reporters have gone into exile. They therefore joined an increasing number of journalists worldwide who are forced into exile. Between 2015 and 2021, many of the ... more

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Parenting Cyber-Risk: Opportunities and Challenges Raising Children with Digital Environments

Michael Adorjan, Rose Ricciardelli

Oxford: Routledge (2024), 181 pp.

"Utilizing 70 original interviews from rural and urban area Canadian parents, the book provides an overview of research on “digital parenting” and illuminates the modern parental experience of managing children’s access to internet-connected technologies. The book explores parents’ experienc ... more

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Legal Strategies for Protecting Journalists in Conflict Zones

Fatimah Sahdan, Jelena Gregorius

Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics, volume 3, issue 2 (2024), pp. 25-31

"The safety of journalists in conflict zones remains a critical concern, with myriad risks stemming from both physical and digital threats. This study aims to explore the legal strategies that can effectively protect journalists in these environments, focusing on understanding the existing legal fra ... more

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“It Was Very Hard for Me to Keep Doing That Job”: Understanding Troll Farm’s Working in the Arab World

Marina Ayeb, Tiziano Bonini

Social Media + Society, volume 10, issue 1 (2024), 10 pp.

"This article investigates the production culture and routines of “troll farms” in three Arab countries—Tunisia, Egypt, and Iraq—from a production studies approach. A production studies approach enables us to focus on the working conditions of paid trolls. We employed qualitative methods to ... more

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Libro blanco del audiovisual comunitario en Chile

Chiara Sáez, Jorge Avilés

Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Comunicación e Imagen (2024), 285 pp.

"En la actualidad el sector se encuentra en una fase clave de su proceso de crecimiento y fortalecimiento. Cuenta con una asociación en interlocución con el Estado y con el Gobierno, por medio de distintos ministerios y organismos públicos. Sin embargo, esta no es una relación fácil. Está vinc ... ulada con la pregunta por la autonomía y la independencia; sobre cómo asegurar estos valores y principios sin renunciar a hacer efectiva la responsabilidad del Estado con respecto a asegurar la existencia y sostenibilidad en el tiempo de la comunicación comunitaria como parte de la diversidad del ecosistema de medios: la importancia de definir criterios y reglas del juego claras para esta relación, que no dependan de los gobiernos de turno, sino que sean parte de una política de Estado. Esta relación también incluye conocer cuál es la comprensión y la concepción de la comunicación comunitaria por parte de distintos agentes de poder en la sociedad. Esto incluye la pregunta por cuánto vale la vida de las y los comunicadores comunitarios y qué hace el Estado y sus instituciones por el resguardo de los derechos comunicativos de estos medios y de sus integrantes. En el sentido de la sostenibilidad social y organizacional, es muy relevante el rol que ocupa el lenguaje audiovisual como herramienta de representación y participación de las comunidades de referencia en los proyectos actuales y futuros. Solo una concepción colectiva y abierta de la producción audiovisual es la que conduce a la legitimidad de los proyectos en su entorno de desarrollo. Este ha sido uno de los temas centrales de este libro y los hallazgos dejan varias preguntas abiertas sobre cómo seguir profundizando en él. Una de ellas relativa a aquello que se asume tácitamente como parte de los temas, actores y espacios que los medios comunitarios tienen que cubrir o que tienen que ser representados en sus pantallas o micrófonos: ¿qué se deja fuera y por qué? ¿por decisión de quién? En el fondo, ¿cuánto sabemos de los públicos de las televisiones comunitarias, del público que los sigue y retroalimenta, pero también de aquellos que siendo parte de los espacios geográficos de referencia no se sienten representados ni consideran que este sea un espacio legítimo para amplificar su voz? Otra pregunta desde la perspectiva del lenguaje es aquella sobre la verdad y la manipulación: ¿es posible reconstruir la realidad mediante relatos, sean del tipo de que sean? La experiencia formativa llevada a cabo nos permite concluir que la pregunta por la verdad debe ser comprendida más bien como una pregunta por la veracidad, cuya construcción debe hacerse en base a al menos dos pilares: la honestidad y la construcción colectiva o intersubjetiva, tanto en la elaboración del relato como en el proceso: las personas que participan de un canal elaboran los mensajes desde su propia experiencia y valores, eso no se puede evitar, pero es importante que aquello que se relata se haga desde una posición lo más transparente posible y no dar nada por supuesto, que es una de las debilidades que encontramos y que se expresa, por ejemplo, en la ausencia de documentos o textos explícitos sobre las orientaciones programáticas o la línea editorial de cada medio." (Conclusiones, pp. 269-271) more

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Aid and the news agenda: Examining the forces shaping NGO-produced humanitarian media

Michael Sunderland

Bournemouth University, Doctoral Thesis (2024), 268 pp.

"This study examines the external influences that shape NGO-produced news content concerning humanitarian crises in East, West and Central Africa. Employing a thematic analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews with humanitarian communicators and a content analysis of the humanitarian press rel ... eases of four major NGOs, it seeks to establish the types of content NGO communications staff consider most effective for achieving mainstream media coverage, how they access such content, and any forces influencing their eventual production of news. In line with notions of media logic (Altheide and Snow 1979; Cottle and Nolan 2007) and news cloning (Fenton 2010), it uncovers a reliance on hard-hitting humanitarian statistics and powerful first-person testimonies, which are considered essential for achieving news coverage. Statistics are found to be most often sourced from publicly available humanitarian datasets, often managed by the United Nations, and are considered susceptible to politicisation by authorities implicated in certain crises. First-person testimonies are usually gathered in-person by NGO staff and are affected by issues of physical access to crisis zones including monitoring by local authorities and demands for media sign-off. Additionally, a humanitarian NGO’s decision on whether to speak out publicly about a crisis is found to be often weighed up against threats to staff and programme safety. Examining these issues through a lens of agenda building theory (Cobb and Elder 1971), this study introduces the concept of agenda erosion, describing the phenomenon by which powerful actors, including host authorities and western governmental and intergovernmental donors, exert influence to undermine agenda building activities by NGOs in the context of humanitarian crises. Methods of agenda erosion might include demanding sign-off of media content, the control of physical access to crisis zones for communications staff, and the politicisation of humanitarian data. Unlike the traditional view of NGOs being producers of information subsidies (Gandy 1982), this concept recognises that, as news producers, NGOs also accept information subsidies, including humanitarian data, from other actors. These subsidies are used by NGOs to increase their own agenda building effectiveness but can also allow other, potentially conflicting, priorities to influence the media agenda too. NGOs are now widely regarded as important players in the production of international news (Cottle and Nolan, 2007; Cooper, 2011; Powers 2018) and these findings suggest agenda erosion is in-part responsible for the continuing adherence of aid organisations to established patterns of news construction (Cottle & Nolan 2007; Fenton 2010; Waisbord 2011; Powers 2018). Only crises with hard-hitting data or emotive personal stories are likely to achieve mainstream media coverage but exposure to such sources is often closely guarded by the most powerful actors in certain crises. As a result, some crises continue to go underreported and NGOs risk being silenced or, worse, used as proxy mouthpieces by powers implicated in the humanitarian context to which they are attempting to respond." (Abstract) more

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Challenges and Opportunities for Journalism in the Bulgarian COVID-19 Communication Ecology

Lada Trifonova Price, Vesislava Antonova

Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 1 (2024), pp. 119-136

"The coronavirus pandemic brought immense challenges to journalists worldwide, including new threats to media freedom, journalism safety and practice. The impact of the pandemic on journalism is yet to be fully understood and examined but this paper contributes to the field by focusing on the impact ... more

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Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): Ghana

Reyn Anderson, Yaroslav Eferin, Kate Gromova, Vlad Manoil, Victor Teppeh

USAID, Digital Frontiers Project, external version (2024), 149 pp.

"Ghana is among Sub-Saharan Africa’s leaders in digital transformation. Over the past decade, the government has put the key institutions, legislative frameworks, strategies, and policies in place that are necessary to drive change. The Ministry of Communications and Digitalization leads and coord ... inates development and implementation of a core set of policies and strategies that are digitally transforming the government, economy, and society. The ICT for Accelerated Development (ICT4AD) Policy has guided this journey for more than a decade. A new Digital Economy Policy is drafted and under review to drive the next stage of Ghana’s digital development. The National Financial Inclusion and Development Strategy and the National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy have also been key. Ghana adopted an inclusive approach to developing its cybersecurity strategy, which contributed to improved cybersecurity capacity and considered citizens’ online safety and freedoms. However, a clear strategy for protecting critical national infrastructure is missing. Ghana has been a pioneer and champion of digital government transformation in West Africa over the past decade, with funding and support from the World Bank. Important whole-of-government platforms and services have been put in place, including the Government Wide Area Network (GWAN), which provides internet connection to more than 1,000 district assemblies, hospitals, police stations, and post offices across the country; a National Data Center; the Smart workplace suite, which includes email and productivity tools for government employees; and Ghana.gov portal, a one-stop-shop for citizen services. Still, digital government transformation is incomplete. Easy, efficient, online government services are in demand, but the Ghana.gov portal options are limited, and most major government service providers have their own separate online services portals. The national identity Ghana Card could enhance digital service delivery by providing a universally recognized, secure, and easy-to-use means of digital identification and authentication for citizens when accessing both public and private digital services, but the current identification system is not integrated with other government-operated databases, significantly reducing its many potential applications. The Regional Coordinating Councils, and metropolitan, municipal, and district assemblies (MMDAs) are just now embarking on the digital transformation journey. The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development coordinates their efforts. Challenges for Ghana’s remaining efforts at digital government transformation include adequate funding to manage and maintain its connectivity and data center infrastructure, affordable internet for regional governments, inadequate digital literacy and skills among mid-level and regional staff, or related national training programs. A big skill gap exists in cybersecurity; Ghana faces a deficit of skilled cybersecurity professionals. The government also needs to improve efforts at stakeholder engagement and awareness-raising when developing new policy proposals." (Executive summary, pages 11-12) more

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Experientially simulated others: Finding social support for mental health in digital games

Jeff Nicklas

Information, Communication & Society (2024), 17 pp.

"People with mental illness struggle to find connection and community due to a combination of stigma, social isolation, and adverse social experiences. Digital games, as an immersive and interactive media, can convey aspects of mental health experiences in thoughtful ways. I considered how players c ... more

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Une presse libre en contexte autoritaire ? Aide internationale et « démocratisation » par les médias en Jordanie

Simon Mangon

Critique Internationale, issue 104 (2024), pp. 37-58

"L’hypothèse centrale de cet article porte sur les appropriations stratégiques par le pouvoir politique jordanien de l’aide internationale destinée aux médias locaux. L’enquête me permet de montrer que des dispositifs de « démocratisation », visant à soutenir le pluralisme et la liber ... more

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Journalists and Exposure to Trauma: Exploring Perceptions of PTSD and Resilience Among Pakistan’s Conflict Reporters

Ayesha Siddiqua, Muhammad Zubair Iqbal

Journalism Practice (2024), [no pag.]

"The study attempts to understand how Pakistani journalists perceive Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and resilience in the wake of covering traumatic events. Qualitative interviews of 32 Pakistani journalists were conducted who had covered military operations against militants. The findings in ... more

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“Let’s Draw a Line between Dos and Don’ts”: Pakistani Journalists’ Perspectives about the Ethics of Conflict-Sensitive Reporting

Sadia Jamil, Gifty Appiah-Adjei

Journalism and Media, volume 4, issue 1 (2023), pp. 177-196

"In conflict-ridden countries, the news media has a pivotal role to perform as an active advocate of human rights and societal peace, as well as a facilitator of conflict mitigation and resolution through the gathering and dissemination of non-partisan information. While today the world witness arme ... more