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Communications, media and internet concentration in Mexico, 2019-2021

Rodrigo Gómez, Argelia Muñoz-Larroa, Orlando Rizo Mendoza, Carlos Pérez Cerón

Global Media & Internet Concentration Project (GMIC) (2024), 55 pp.

"The analysis in this report relies on a detailed and comprehensive analysis across 22 distinct markets within three broad sets of industries: (a) Telecommunications and internet access, (b) Online and traditional media services, and (c) Core internet sectors. Through this structured approach, the r ... more

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Communications, media and internet concentration in Turkey, 2019-2021

Bilge Yesil, Sinem Aydinli

Global Media & Internet Concentration Project (GMIC) (2024), 54 pp.

"Turkey’s network media economy witnessed substantial growth between 2019 and 2021, especially in the wireless, digital music, digital games, and internet advertising sectors. All told, revenue increased sharply over this period from TRY 65.7 billion to TRY 95.1 billion. This, in turn, was nearly ... more

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An Urgent Call for Fair Working Conditions in Africa

Ayoade Ibrahim, Bill Mutoro, Ceciriah Barungi Kazibwe, Ebony Ford, Francis Tenge et al.

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork; African Platform Workers Representatives (APWR) (2024), 10 pp.

"The APWR calls on regional institutions and national government agencies to consider the following recommendations: 1. Standardise commission rates [...] 2. Mandate platforms to provide risk mitigation strategies and safety nets [...] 3. The contracts and/or terms and conditions must be subject to ... more

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Digital platforms in the agricultural sector: Dynamics of oligopolistic platformisation

Monja Sauvagerd, Maximilian Mayer, Monika Hartmann

Big Data & Society, issue October–December (2024), 16 pp.

"This paper introduces the concept of ‘oligopolistic platformisation’ to capture the specific dynamics of collaboration and competition between multinational upstream agribusinesses and Big Tech companies in the agricultural (ag) sector. We examine this phenomenon through the lens of Van Dijck e ... more

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A Review of Policy Options and Scenarios on Philippine Platform Work

Jayvy R. Gamboa

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2024), 38 pp.

"The Policy Brief covers pathways for reform of government regulation or public policy with respect to areas applicable to platform workers. These include: a) Laws and statutes enacted by the legislative branch or Congress; and b) Administrative issuances made by the executive branch [...] Further, ... more

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Fairwork Chile Ratings 2024: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy.

Santiago; Oxford: Fairwork (2024), 35 pp.

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Fairwork Pakistan Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 58 pp.

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Fairwork South Africa Ratings 2023: Advocating for Safety and Dignity in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Digital Platform Governance and the Challenges for Trust and Safety. Part 1: Why Lies and Hatred Proliferate on Digital Platforms

Research ICT Africa; UNESCO (2023), 21 pp.

"Online and platform content that may cause harm through the breach of human rights is sufficiently widespread to have raised concerns about the potentially severe implications for the future of trust, safety, democracy and sustainable development. A certain amount of this content is curbed by the d ... more

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Fairwork Mexico Ratings 2022: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Mexico; Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

"An urgent finding of this first Fairwork Mexico report was impact platform work has on the physical and mental health of workers. Indeed, in megacities like Mexico City, and in urban environments marked by traffic congestion, pollution and fast-paced city life, workers’ bodies are being reduced t ... more

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Fairwork Peru Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 38 pp.

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Fairwork Kenya Ratings 2023: The Promise and Peril of Platform Work in the Kenyan Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Fairwork Colombia Ratings 2023: The Mobilities of Gig Work in Colombia

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Fairwork Uruguay Puntuaciones 2023: La Precariedad Laboral versus la Promesa de Flexibilidad y Autonomía en la Economía de Plataformas

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 43 pp.

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“Shadowbanning is not a thing”: Black box gaslighting and the power to independently know and credibly critique algorithms

Kelley Cotter

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1226-1243

"Efforts to govern algorithms have centerd the ‘black box problem,’or the opacity of algorithms resulting from corporate secrecy and technical complexity. In this article, I conceptualize a related and equally fundamental challenge for governance efforts: black box gaslighting. Black box gasligh ... more

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Global South Discourse in East Asian Media Studies

Dal Yong Jin

London; New York: Routledge (2023), 187 pp.

"This book examines the nexus of East Asian media, culture, and digital technologies in the early 21st century from a Global South perspective. Providing an empirically rich analysis of the emergence of Asian culture, histories, texts, and state policies as they relate to both Asian media and global ... more

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Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Telegram, Discord and Odysee

Henry Tuck, Jakob Guhl, Julia Smirnova, Lea Gerster, Oliver Marsh

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2023), 59 pp.

"Harmful actors use an ever-expanding range of digital spaces to spread harmful ideologies and undermine human rights and democracy online. Understanding their evolving ideas, online networks and activities is critical to the development of a more comprehensive evidence base to inform effective and ... more

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Fairwork Uganda Ratings 2023: A Need for Pro-Worker Change

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 33 pp.

"In 2023, Fairwork conducted the first year of research in Uganda among twelve selected digital platforms. The selected platforms are in the sectors of ride hailing and food delivery. The research and rating of platforms was done as per the five Fairwork principles." (Executive Summary)

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Deep Insights

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Craig T. Robertson, Amy Ross Arguedas, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 167 pp.

"In many countries, especially outside Europe and the United States, we find a significant further decline in the use of Facebook for news and a growing reliance on a range of alternatives including private messaging apps and video networks. Facebook news consumption is down 4 percentage points, acr ... oss all countries, in the last year. • News use across online platforms is fragmenting, with six networks now reaching at least 10% of our respondents, compared with just two a decade ago. YouTube is used for news by almost a third (31%) of our global sample each week, WhatsApp by around a fifth (21%), while TikTok (13%) has overtaken Twitter (10%), now rebranded X, for the first time. • Linked to these shifts, video is becoming a more important source of online news, especially with younger groups. Short news videos are accessed by two-thirds (66%) of our sample each week, with longer formats attracting around half (51%). The main locus of news video consumption is online platforms (72%) rather than publisher websites (22%), increasing the challenges around monetisation and connection. • Although the platform mix is shifting, the majority continue to identify platforms including social media, search, or aggregators as their main gateway to online news. Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) identify news websites or apps as their main source of online news – that’s down 10 percentage points on 2018. Publishers in a few Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are showing a weaker connection with news brands than they did in the past. • Turning to the sources that people pay most attention to when it comes to news on various platforms, we find an increasing focus on partisan commentators, influencers, and young news creators, especially on YouTube and TikTok. But in social networks such as Facebook and X, traditional news brands and journalists still tend to play a prominent role. • Concern about what is real and what is fake on the internet when it comes to online news has risen by 3 percentage points in the last year with around six in ten (59%) saying they are concerned. The figure is considerably higher in South Africa (81%) and the United States (72%), both countries that have been holding elections this year. • Worries about how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content in online platforms is highest for TikTok and X when compared with other online networks. Both platforms have hosted misinformation or conspiracies around stories such as the war in Gaza, and the Princess of Wales’s health, as well as so-called ‘deep fake’ pictures and videos." (Executive summary, page 10) more

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T. Robertson, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 158 pp.

"Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) now say they prefer to start their news journeys with a website or app – that’s down 10 percentage points since 2018. Publishers in a few smaller Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are ... showing a weaker connection with news brands’ own websites and apps than previous cohorts – preferring to access news via side-door routes such as social media, search, or mobile aggregators. • Facebook remains one of the most-used social networks overall, but its influence on journalism is declining as it shifts its focus away from news. It also faces new challenges from established networks such as YouTube and vibrant youth-focused networks such as TikTok. The Chinese-owned social network reaches 44% of 18–24s across markets and 20% for news. It is growing fastest in parts of Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. • When it comes to news, audiences say they pay more attention to celebrities, influencers, and social media personalities than journalists in networks like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. This contrasts sharply with Facebook and Twitter, where news media and journalists are still central to the conversation. • Much of the public is sceptical of the algorithms used to select what they see via search engines, social media, and other platforms. Less than a third (30%) say that having stories selected for me on the basis of previous consumption is a good way to get news, 6 percentage points lower than when we last asked the question in 2016. Despite this, on average, users still slightly prefer news selected this way to that chosen by editors or journalists (27%), suggesting that worries about algorithms are part of a wider concern about news and how it is selected. • Despite hopes that the internet could widen democratic debate, we find fewer people are now participating in online news than in the recent past. Aggregated across markets, only around a fifth (22%) are now active participators, with around half (47%) not participating in news at all. In the UK and United States, the proportion of active participators has fallen by more than 10 percentage points since 2016. Across countries we find that this group tends to be male, better educated, and more partisan in their political vie ws. • Trust in the news has fallen, across markets, by a further 2 percentage points in the last year, reversing in many countries the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, four in ten of our total sample (40%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while Greece (19%) has the lowest after a year characterised by heated arguments about press freedom and the independence of the media." (Summary, page 10) more

Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024 Deep Insights

Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Deep Insights