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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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The Role of Social Media in Mali and its Relation to Violent Extremism: A Youth Perspective

Elise Vermeersch, Julie Coleman, Méryl Demuynck, Elena Dal Santo

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI); International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) (2020), 14 pp.

"Data, including information collected by the MERIT project, demonstrates that social media and social messaging are powerful tools in Mali, and have the potential to both positively and negatively impact society, particularly in relation to violent extremism. Malian youth use social media and messa ... more

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Propaganda des „Islamischen Staats“: Formen und Formate

Bernd Zywietz (ed.)

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2020), vi, 411 pp.

"Die Propaganda der terroristischen Miliz "Islamischer Staat" hat für Aufsehen gesorgt und die Debatte um das Internet und vor allem das "Social Web" als Risikotechnologie oder Gefahrenraum mitbestimmt. Dabei setzt der IS auf ein breites Spektrum medialer und gestalterischer Formen und Formate eine ... more

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Bookmarks: A Manual for Combating Hate Speech Online Through Human Rights Education

Ellie Keen, Mara Georgescu (eds.)

Strasbourg: Council of Europe, revised ed. (2020), 213 pp.

"Hate speech is one of the most worrying forms of racism and discrimination prevailing across Europe and amplified by the Internet and social media. Hate speech online is the visible tip of the iceberg of intolerance and ethnocentrism. Young people are directly concerned as agents and victims of onl ... more

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Social Media and Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms

Nicola Barrach-Yousefi et al.

Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Terre de Paix; Action des Jeunes pour le Développement Communautaire et la Paix (ADECOP) (2020), 32 pp.

"To successfully monitor and counter hate speech, we must first identify specific terms and define the social and political context that makes them offensive, inflammatory, and potentially dangerous. To that end, PeaceTech Lab has pioneered a process to identify and contextualize inflammatory langua ... more

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Social Media and Conflict in Sudan: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms

Will Ferroggiaro et al.

Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Andariya; Sudanese Development Initiative (SUDIA); Regional Center for Training and Development of Civil Society (RCDCS) (2020), 53 pp.

"PeaceTech Lab, in partnership with Andariya and the Sudan Development Initiative (SUDIA), intends this effort to contribute to understanding language and the context for potential conflict during the transition to civilian government and to eventual elections in Sudan. This project seeks to tackle ... more

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Models of Governance of Online Hate Speech

Alexander Brown

Council of Europe (2020), 198 pp.

"For some users the current Internet epoch can be considered the Internet of Hate which poses serious human rights concerns. Reflecting the scale and seriousness of the problem, innovations in governance tools for online hate have been initiated by national governments, intergovernmental organisatio ... more

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Disability Hate Speech: Social, Cultural and Political Context

Mark Sherry, Terje Olsen, Janikke Solstad Vedeler, John Eriksen (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), ix, 255 pp.

"This book, the first to specifically focus on disability hate speech, explains what disability hate speech is, why it is important, what laws regulate it (both online and in person) and how it is different from other forms of hate. Unfortunately, disability is often ignored or overlooked in academi ... more

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Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance

Paul Butcher, Alberto-Horst Neidhardt

Brussels: European Policy Centre (2020), 51 pp.

"This Issue Paper examines nearly 1,500 news articles from four EU member states (Germany, Italy, Spain and the Czech Republic) published between May 2019 and July 2020. It shows that disinformation narratives about migration seek to exploit readers’ fears to polarise public opinion, manufacture d ... more

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The Contagion of Hate in India

Laxmi Murthy

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2020), 23 pp.

"This paper attempts to understand the phenomenon of hate speech and its potential to legitimise discrimination and promote violence against its targets. It lays out the interconnections between Islamophobia, hate speech and acts of physical violence against Muslims. The role of social media, especi ... more

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Voices of Pakistani Youth: Lessons for Civil Society in the Development of Effective Counter-Narrative Campaigns

Jasmeet Sahotay

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2020), 33 pp.

"This report ties together young Pakistani people’s experiences of hate and extremism – with contextual research and questions put to young people in Pakistan, centred around their views on identity, media consumption patterns and perceptions of the state and national news media. This research h ... more

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"Video Unavailable": Social Media Platforms Remove Evidence of War Crimes

New York: Human Rights Watch (2020), 94 pp.

"Social media platforms are taking down “terrorist and violent extremist content” more and more quickly, often in response to the demands of governments, but in a way that prevents the content from being used to support investigations into serious crimes, including war crimes. “Video Unavailab ... more

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Der unsichtbare Krieg: Wie die Digitalisierung Sicherheit und Stabilität in der Welt bedroht

Yvonne Hofstetter

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 302 pp.

"Die Digitalisierung hat nicht nur zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen der Lebens-, Arbeits- und Wirtschaftswelt geführt, sie hat auch massive Auswirkungen auf die internationale Politik. Diese Auswirkungen, so Yvonne Hofstetter, stellen die Sicherheitspolitik der Staaten vor massive Herausforderungen ... more

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Social Media and Disinformation in War Propaganda: How Afghan Government and the Taliban Use Twitter

Hazrat M. Bahar

Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1-2 (2020), pp. 34-46

"This study examines disinformation and propaganda in war in the age of information particularly through social media. It analyzes Twitter's posts of the Afghan government and the Taliban, from January to March 2018. For understanding disinformation, 952 tweets of both parties were crosschecked with ... more

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Social Media Hate Speech Mitigation: Ethiopia Field Guide

r0g_agency for open culture and critical transformation (2020), 47 pp.

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Ser periodista en Twitter: Violencia de género digital en América Latina

Sandra Chaher, Lina Cuellar (coord.)

Buenos Aires; Bogotá; Paris: Comunicación para la Igualdad Ediciones; Sentiido; UNESCO (2020), 131 pp.

"Las periodistas mujeres son atacadas, al igual que sus colegas varones, por los temas políticos o de coyuntura que publican; pero se utilizan contra ellas muchas más expresiones discriminatorias vinculadas al género y agresiones con connotaciones sexuales. En los ataques contra las periodistas h ... more

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Hate Speech in Eastern Syria: Implications and Mechanisms of Confrontation. A Brief Report on the Rhetoric of Incitement and the Role of Local Influencers in Confronting it - Syrian Democratic Forces’ Control Areas in Deir Ezzor as a Model

Justice for Life Organization (2020), 46 pp.

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Hate Speech in Asia and Europe: Beyond Hate and Fear

Myungkoo Gang, Marie-Orange Rivé-Lasan, Wooja Kim, Philippa Hall (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), xi, 193 pp.

"This edited collection provides a timely review of the current state of hate speech research in Asia and Europe, through the comparative examples of Korea, Japan and France. Extending the study of hate speech studies beyond the largely western emphasis on European and US contexts dominant in the fi ... more

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Las políticas de las grandes plataformas sobre discurso de odio durante el COVID-19

Ana Laura Pérez

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 32 pp.

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Telegram: Amidst Propaganda of Violence and "Infowars"

jugendschutz.net (2020), 9 pp.

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives Key Guidance

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance