Dealing with the Past CAMECO

This special collection focuses on the role of the media and communication in Dealing with Violent Pasts. It is based on the collaboration between the Media Consultancy CAMECO in Aachen (Germany) and the Agiamondo Civil Peace programme on Dealing with the Past in the African Great Lakes region. Within a network of ten civil society organisations, including seven Catholic Justice and Peace Commissions in Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo, CAMECO contributes its expertise in media and communication for Peace. This collection is organised by Justine Cibembe and Christoph Dietz.

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Micro-Blogging Memories: Weibo and Collective Remembering in Contemporary China

Eileen Le Han

London: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), xiii, 242 pp.

"This book offers an in-depth account of social media, journalism and collective memory through a five-year analysis of Weibo, a leading Chinese micro-blogging platform, and prism of transitional China in a globalizing world. How does society remember public events in the rapidly changing age of soc ... more

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Memory in a Mediated World: Remembrance and Reconstruction

Andrea Hajek, Christine Lohmeier, Christian Pentzold (eds.)

Houndmills, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), 307 pp.

"Considering both retrospective memories and the prospective employment of memories, Memory in a Mediated World examines troubled times that demand resolution, recovery and restoration. Its contributions provide empirically grounded analyses of how media are employed by individuals and social groups ... more

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Der Film Hara Harwaa Reihaby von Emma Chodzaa als Instrument der staatlichen Beeinflussung des kollektiven Gedächtnisses in Abchasien

Annika Gläser

Frankfurt, Oder: Europa-Universität Vidriana, Bachelor Thesis (2016), 53 pp.

"Die Fallanalyse hat gezeigt, dass eine Erzählung vom Krieg 1992-93 propagiert wird, die einer abchasischen Version des Narrationsschemas 'Die Vertreibung von fremden Feinden' entspricht. Ein zentrales Element der Erzählung ist zudem, so ergab die Interpretation, eine betont positive Darstellung d ... more

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A Conceptual Framework for Dealing with the Past

Bern: Swiss Peace Foundation (2016), 20 pp.

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YouTube and Evidencing Warcrimes: The Role of Digital Video for Transitional Justice in Syria

Josepha Wessels

Tidskriftet POLITIK, volume 19, issue 4 (2016), pp. 30-52

"The enormous collection of user-generated content (UGC) in the form of YouTube videos from the Syrian war provides an unprecedented and diverse collection of shared digital memories of conflict and violence. The central question of this article asks what the value is of UGC on YouTube for legal evi ... dence of war crimes and future Transitional Justice. It is beyond doubt that the surge of uploaded videos from the Syrian uprisings revolutionized the way in which contemporary wars are observed and documented. The sheer amount of user-generated content online has given rise to manifold ways of interpreting what is happening on the ground, inspired creative resistance, led to a surge of professional and independent Syrian documentary films and increased the connectivity between those who undergo the war inside the conflict zone and those who are observing the situation from a safe distance. Many YouTube clips from Syria are likely to be rejected as stand-alone legal evidence though, as it often lacks sourced information about meta-data, date, time, geographical coordinates, identity of the participants, the identity of the perpetrator, and other contextual information crucial to establishing judicial facts for war crimes prosecution. The everexpanding body of videos from Syria will give rise to a wide and varied landscape of interactive media that has surpassed the old approach of political mainstream media to inform and possibly manipulate their audiences for their own agendas, whatever those may be. As a platform of digital memory and space to express moral outrage, YouTube served a crucial and important role in the Syrian crisis and the UGC is of immense value for digital memorialisation and historicization of the Syrian crisis. The vast amount of UGC on YouTube was categorized in 8 different types of footage and we can conclude that only small number of videoclips on YouTube can in fact function as crime-based evidence for war crimes. This does not mean that the UGC on YouTube has no value, however as a legal evidence it can be problematic to use YouTube videos if not corroborated and verified properly. The main issue is the lack of meta-data in many of the UGC on YouTube. The YouTube video revolution in Syria did bring to the surface many brave video activists who are now professionally involved in producing high quality footage for international news broadcasters, the most recent example of that is the important work of Waad al Kataeb inside eastern Aleppo with the British Broadcaster Channel Four News (Channel 4 2016). Through a series of edited 5-6 minute mini stories from the ground, Al Kataeb’s work provides a credible and important source of evidence." (Conclusion, page 22-23) more

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Disputed Memory: Emotions and Memory Politics in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

Tea Sindbæk Andersen, Barbara Törnquist-Plewa (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter (2016), vi, 383 pp.

"The world wars, genocides and extremist ideologies of the 20th century are remembered very differently across Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, resulting sometimes in fierce memory disputes. This book investigates the complexity and contention of the layers of memory of the troubled 20th ce ... more

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Transiciones, memorias e identidades en Europa y América Latina

Juan Ignacio Piovani, Clara Ruvituso, Nikolaus Werz (eds.)

Madrid; Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana; Vervuert (2016), 291 pp.

"El presente volumen recoge diferentes enfoques teóricos y metodológicos sobre las memorias, transiciones políticas e identidades en Alemania, Argentina y España, buscando establecer comparaciones y puntos de convergencia en sociedades signadas durante el siglo XX por regímenes políticos autor ... more

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Social Media and Collective Remembrance: The Debate Over China’s Great Famine on Weibo

Hui Zhao, Jun Liu

China Perspectives, issue 1 (2015), pp. 41-48

"This paper provides one of the first studies on the role of social media in articulating individuals’ experiences and memories and (re-)shaping collective memory in contemporary China. It investigates how social media enable and facilitate the participation of ordinary citizens in distributing an ... more

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Collective Memory as a Resource in Russian Information Warfare Against Latvia

Janis Krekis

Journalism Research (Žurnalistikos tyrimai, engl. edition), issue 8 (2015), pp. 92-115

"The paper analyses articles from the Russian language newspaper “Vesti Segodnya”, which are devoted to the war in Ukraine. The paper consists of two parts. The first part of this paper explains how the conceptualization of the information warfare has evolved during the second half of the 20th c ... more

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Guía general para un viaje por la memoria histórica

Andrés Barragán (ed.)

Bogotá: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (2015), 32 pp.

"La presente Guía General de Maestros y Maestras es, ante todo, un documento de apoyo para acompañar a niñas, niños y jóvenes en un viaje por la memoria histórica del conflicto armado colombiano. Para tal efecto, ofrece información clave para que las y los profesores aprovechen al máximo los ... more

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Pedagogías de la memoria, cultura y comunicación del Centro de Memoria, Paz y Reconciliación

Bogotá: Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM), Alta Consejería para los Derechos de las Víctimas (2015), 40 pp.

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Trauma and Public Memory

Jane Goodall, Christopher Lee (eds.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2015), xii, 231 pp.

"This collection of essays and interviews offers perspectives on traumatic experience from the social and public side of the equation. Like other books in the Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies Series, it is concerned with redressing the balance of public memory through a focus on what has been negle ... more

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Media in South East Europe and their dealing with the past

Dobrina Trifonova

Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (2015), 2 pp.

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Der europäische Bildersaal: Europa und seine Bilder - Analyse und Interpretation zentraler Bildquellen

Michael Wobring, Susanne Popp (eds.)

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2015), 190 pp.

"Welche Bilder prägen unser Gedächtnis? Bilder nehmen im „visuellen Zeitalter“ eine herausragende Bedeutung für europäische Identität, Geschichtsbewusstsein und Geschichtskultur ein. 14 Bildquellen – Gemälde und Fotografien –, die in den aktuellen Schulgeschichtsbüchern europäischer ... more

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ICTS and Human Rights Practice: A Report Prepared for the UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions

Ella McPherson

Cambridge: University of Cambridge; Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) (2015), 50 pp.

"This report provides a crucial and in depth look at ICT initiatives and trends across the key human rights practices of prevention, fact-finding, and advocacy, identifying both risks and opportunities. In prevention, ICTs can be harnessed to protect human rights defenders, to prevent violations in ... more

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Ethical Guidelines: Using Eyewitness Videos in Human Rights Reporting & Advocacy

Witness (2015), 24 pp.

"The guide’s primary audience is investigators, journalists, advocates, archivists, and others who utilize eyewitness video for reporting, investigating, or documenting human rights issues. While the guide is primarily concerned with videos already produced, many of the ethical considerations disc ... more

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Doing Oral History
Key Guides

Donald A. Ritchie

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd ed. (2015), xvi, 347 pp.

"Doing Oral History is considered the premier guidebook to oral history, used by professional oral historians, public historians, archivists, and genealogists as a core text in college courses and throughout the public history community. The recent development of digital audio and video recording te ... more

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Deutscher Kolonialismus - ein vergessenes Erbe? Postkolonialität in der rassismuskritischen Bildungsarbeit

Susanne Heyn, Deborah Krieg, Mendel Meron

Frankfurt am Main: Bildungsstätte Anne Frank (2015), 48 pp.

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Media Reporting of War Crimes Trials and Civil Society Responses in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone

Abou Bhakarr M. Binneh-Kamara

University of Bedfordshire, Doctoral Thesis (2015), x, 301 pp.

"This study, which seeks to contribute to the shared-body of knowledge on media and war crimes jurisprudence, gauges the impact of the media’s coverage of the Civil Defence Forces (CDF) and Charles Taylor trials conducted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) on the functionality of civil s ... more

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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more

Doing Oral History Key Guides

Doing Oral History
Key Guides