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New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
Cross Cultural Human Rights Review, volume 2, issue 1 (2020), pp. 49-71
"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec
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Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists
"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga
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Red lines of journalism. Digital surveillance, safety risks and journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan
"Drawing on Reese’s hierarchy of influences model, this study investigates the extent to which safety risks and digital surveillance result in journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan. This study also explores the key areas of journalists’ self-censorship in the country and how it affects thei
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Female Journalists’ Experience of Online Harassment: A Case Study of Nepal
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 47-56
"This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mai
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Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1030-1046
"Rising numbers of online attacks against journalists have been documented globally. Female, minority reporters and journalists who cover issues interwoven with right-wing identity anchors have been primary targets. This trend reflects growing forms of mob censorship linked to the demonization of jo
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Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria
"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire
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‘A modern-day equivalent of the Wild West’: Preparing journalism students to be safe online
Journalism Education, volume 10, issue 1 (2020), pp. 69-82
"Journalists are increasingly becoming the target of online abuse; the backlash over the death of TV presenter Caroline Flack and coverage of the Black Lives Matter protests are just two recent examples. Yorkshire Evening Post editor Laura Collins has highlighted how female journalists face the brun
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Arab Resistance in the diaspora: Comparing the Saudi dissident and the Egyptian whistleblower
Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2020), pp. 31-49
"While much research on Arab and Muslim diasporas in the West focuses on the War(s) on Terror, in this article, we explore how two particular diasporic groups, Egyptian and Saudi activists, work to shape public perceptions of the authoritarian regimes in their countries of origin. Contextualizing th
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"In the middle of a global pandemic, as a wave of anti-racism activism sweeps the nation, conditions are rife for a spike in online hate and harassment. Tens of thousands have taken to the streets to protest police brutality while millions more socially distance at home, anxious and isolated, with e
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You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence
Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.
"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re
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Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.
"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara
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Double-edged knife: Practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts
Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, volume 3, issue 1 (2020), pp. 22-42
"Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers
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The Online Public Sphere in the Gulf: Contestation, Creativity, and Change
Review of Middle East Studies, volume 53, issue 2 (2019), pp. 190-199
"This introductory essay sets the stage for this special issue, which explores how online media has changed the Arabian Gulf region's politics, economies, and social norms. It provides an overview of the most important themes, arguments, and findings tackled in the four essays in this issue, as well
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Digital security awareness and practices of journalists in Turkey: A descriptive study
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), pp. 1-16
"This study aims to measure the level of digital security awareness of journalists in Turkey who use digital technology in the course of their work. In the study, research questions are answered using data collected by means of an online survey in relation to the digital security risks faced, the ex
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"This report specifically examines legal remedies for online attacks against journalists. It looks at three case studies, in Finland, France and Ireland, of female journalists who were viciously attacked online for their work and the ensuing attempts to hold the perpetrators accountable. From an ana
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#journodefender: Turning Trolling Against Journalists on its Head
Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2019), 83 pp.
"This report describes and analyses how online propaganda against journalists across the world - through hate, harassment, threats and fabricated news – undermines independent reporting, sows doubt among the public and makes journalists, in particular female journalists, open for online attacks an
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When online commentary turns into violence: The role of Twitter in slander against journalists in Colombia
Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 16 pp.
"The 55-year long Colombian conflict with the FARC guerrilla movement ended in 2016 with the signing of a peace agreement, which resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of victims of socio-political violence. Paradoxically, this did not improve security for journalists, who were targeted:
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State-Aligned Trolling in Iran and the Double-Edged Affordances of Instagram
New Media & Society, volume 21, issue 7 (2019), pp. 1506-1527
"Online harassment is increasingly applied as a form of information control to curb free speech and exert power in online public spheres. In recent years, states have appeared to be particularly invested in weaponizing information against dissidents in an attempt at dominating social and political d
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Coping with Audience Hostility. How Journalists’ Experiences of Audience Hostility Influence Their Editorial Decisions
Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 16 (2019), pp. 2422-2421
"In digitalized media societies, many journalists encounter audience hostility in publicly visible channels. Scholars theorized on the spiral process of the influence of audience feedback on journalists’ editorial work. In this spiral, audience feedback on past news coverage influences ongoing new
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