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Journals
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Burning out and turning off: Journalists’ disconnection strategies on social media
Journalism, volume 22, issue 10 (2021), pp. 2475-2492
"This study explores forms of social media fatigue described by professional journalists, including frustration with the perception of their increased affective labor, dissatisfaction with communication environments on particular social media platforms, and increased anxiety about the possible impac
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Confronting Freedom to Inform With Freedom of Expression: The Case of Online Attacks of Journalists in Ghana
In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 269-296
"Globally, there is an increase in online attacks on journalists with gender dimensions to these attacks. Also, it is established that digital innovations have augmented free expression and the augmentation allows means for online attacks. Though evidence submits that studies on the problem of onlin
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‘Lockdown’ on Digital Journalism? Mapping Threats to Press Freedom During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis
Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1344-1366
"Across the globe, governments have issued emergency and drastic measures aimed at tracking the spread of COVID-19 and safeguarding public health. Notwithstanding the necessity and importance of some of these measures, this work argues that numerous governments around the world used the pandemic cri
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Practical Guide for Women Journalists on How to Respond to Online Harassment
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 11 pp.
No Excuse for Abuse: What Social Media Companies Can Do Now to Combat Online Harassment and Empower Users
PEN America (2021), 7 pp.
"To ensure that social media becomes safer, more open, and more equitable for all users, platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram must prioritize curbing online harassment. In this report, PEN America proposes concrete, actionable changes that social media companies should make immediately to
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The new frontline: Women journalists at the intersection of converging digital age threats
"The chapter identifies the new threats posed by digital developments and how they affect women journalists in particular. There are three main converging safety threats confronting women journalists in the digital age: online harassment and abuse against women journalists; orchestrated disinformati
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The Chilling: Assessing Big Tech's Response to Online Violence Against Women Journalists
UNESCO (2021), 35 pp.
"This is an extracted chapter of a wider UNESCO-commissioned global study on online violence against women journalists produced by the Inter-national Center for Journalists (ICFJ). The full-length study will published in 2022. The chapter identifies the role of big tech companies and especially soci
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Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity
In: The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism
London; New York: Routledge (2021), pp. 178-187
"This chapter aims to examine additional factors associated with populism, disinformation and online harassment of journalists in an environment of impunity, though the relationship between digital communication and populism has been analysed since the late 1990s. It considers strategies that have b
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Press Freedom and Cybercrimes: Combating Online Harassment on Digital Media in Nigeria
African Journal of Criminal Law And Jurisprudence, volume 6 (2021), pp. 137-151
"The role of the Media to the growth and development of a democratic society cannot be overemphasized. Over the years, the media have served as a watch dog in every society, prompting the need for International and National legislation protecting the Right to Press Freedom. While attacks and threat
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Female Journalists’ Experience of Online Harassment: A Case Study of Nepal
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 47-56
"This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mai
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Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067
"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal
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The Pitfalls and Perils of Being a Digital Journalist in Venezuela
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 319-337
"To be a journalist in Venezuela is very dangerous. In the past decade, there has been an increase of attacks against media and their personnel. On the one hand, attacks against journalists include harassment (physical, digital, legal), illegal detentions, kidnapping, and assassination. On the other
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Now you [don’t] see me: How have new legislation and changing public awareness of the UK surveillance state impacted OSINT investigations?
Journal of Cyber Policy, volume 5, issue 3 (2020), pp. 429-448
"Open-source intelligence (OSINT) gathering and analysis techniques are used by investigators from a variety of fields, owing to their accessibility and exceptional capacity for corroboration. It has previously been argued that proposed data protection legislation can chill the free press, but there
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Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists
"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga
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New Digital Media: Freedom of Expression and Safeguarding Journalists in the Context of East Africa
Cross Cultural Human Rights Review, volume 2, issue 1 (2020), pp. 49-71
"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec
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Arab Resistance in the diaspora: Comparing the Saudi dissident and the Egyptian whistleblower
Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 13, issue 1 (2020), pp. 31-49
"While much research on Arab and Muslim diasporas in the West focuses on the War(s) on Terror, in this article, we explore how two particular diasporic groups, Egyptian and Saudi activists, work to shape public perceptions of the authoritarian regimes in their countries of origin. Contextualizing th
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The Risks and Challenges for Professional Journalism in the Digital Age: A Malaysian Perspective
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 106-123
"The Internet is a modern Pandora's Box which has exceptionally altered the way we disseminate and receive information messages, particularly news. Despite technological innovations being the apex of our history, it is undeniable that they pose new challenges and threats to a different degree. Hence
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Trolling Journalists and the Risks of Digital Publicity
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 5 (2020), pp. 984-1000
"The global phenomenon of trolling of journalists lays out the ambivalent consequences of news interactivity and the risks of digital publicity. The push for digital publicity made journalists more exposed to attacks amid rising digital hate and the populist demonization of the news media. The negat
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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