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How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders

Matthias C. Kettemann (ed.)
Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung; Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.
"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel ... more
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The Russians Are Coming! The Russians Are Coming? Russia’s Growing Presence in Africa and its Implication for European Policy

Guido Lanfranchi, Kars de Bruijne
The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' (2022), 46 pp.
"The growth of Russia’s presence across Africa over the last decade has generated significant international concern, further exacerbated after Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine. Russia’s engagement can affect the interests and policies of the European Union (EU) and its member states (MS) in Africa ... more
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Propaganda on demand: Russia’s media environment during the war in Ukraine

Anna Litvinenko
Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 12, issue 2 (2022), 14 pp.
"In this essay, I explore the nature of propaganda in a hybrid media environment through the example of Russian propaganda during the ongoing war in Ukraine. I start by briefly overviewing the Russian media system’s development, focusing on the roots of cynical attitude toward journalism in the so ... more
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Hungarian Capital in Foreign Media: Three Strategic Models of Influencing the Neighbourhood

Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI) (2022), 38 pp.
"This series of articles produced by local journalists follows the Hungarian money invested in media abroad, and also offers an insight into the influence exercised by the Hungarian government." (Introduction)
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Journalists’ Views and Perceptions of Judicial Transparency. A Comparative Study in Three Western Balkans Countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Serbia

Snezana Trpevska
Free Press Unlimited (2022), 67 pp.
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Mapping Disinformation in the Serbian Media

Jelena Kleut et al.
Beograd: CRTA (2022), 98 pp.
"Our main findings show that, numerically, disinformation overpowers the news. More precisely, this study identified 559 different types of disinformation cases in 494 news items disseminated in 14 (out of 15 analysed) Serbian news media. Our study found that false, misleading and manipulative infor ... more
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Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Bosnia and Herzegovina

UNESCO (2022), 82 pp.
"This report explores the local-specific contextual concerns stemming from global, non-transparent, and profit-driven content moderation processes of social media. The report analyses what happens when certain local communities and countries are 'invisible' to social media platforms and illustrates ... more
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Disinformation and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine: Threats and governance responses

Paris: OECD (2022), 33 pp.
"The spread of disinformation around Russia’s invasion of Ukraine reflects wider challenges related to the shift in how information is produced and distributed. Platform and algorithm designs can amplify the spread of disinformation by facilitating the creation of echo chambers and confirmation bi ... more
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Russia – YouTube and Global Platforms: A New Battleground for Russian Journalists and Bloggers

Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 13 pp.
"In the late 2010s, the Internet overtook television as the most popular media format in Russia. It was also the time when Russian-speaking YouTube went political: well-known bloggers started producing political content, opposition politicians became the most popular YouTubers, and finally mainstrea ... more
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Demystifying the Sacred: Blasphemy and Violence from the French Revolution to Today

Eveline G. Bouwers, David Nash (eds.)
Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter (2022), x, 303 pp.
"Drawing on cases from revolutionary France to the Russia of Vladimir Putin, the international authors probe the nature and agency of local blasphemy accusations, the historical and legal framework in which they were expressed and the violence, both physical and symbolic, accompanying them. In doing ... more
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Internet Radio and Podcasts as Alternative to the Public Service and Commercial Mainstream Media in Poland: The Cases of Radio Nowy Swiat, Radio 357, and Raport O Stanie Swiata

Urszula Doliwa
Profesional de la Información, volume 31, issue 5: e310506 (2022), 13 pp.
"The aim of this article is to show to what extent alternative audio media can be built online, not only by amateurs but also as a combination of the energy and involvement of professional journalists and the community of listeners who are ready to support them [...] The podcast Raport o stanie swia ... more
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Steuerung der öffentlichen Meinung

Russland-Analysen, issue 418 (2022), pp. 1-14
"Wie denken gewöhnliche Russ:innen wirklich über die Entscheidung von Präsident Putin, in die Ukraine einzumarschieren? Obwohl einiges dafürspricht, dass frühere Umfragen, die Zustimmungswerte um 60 % für den Krieg zeigen, als genuine Signale der russischen öffentlichen Meinung gewertet werde ... more
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Media Environment in Belarus

Jakub Przetacznik, Linda Tothova
European Parliamentary Research Service (2022), 10 pp.
"The media situation in Belarus has never been easy. With Aliaksandr Lukashenka being elected president of the country for the first time in 1994, the necessary reforms to provide media freedom have never materialised. Instead, over the years various laws have lessened the rights of independent jour ... more
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Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists: Quadriennial Report 2018-2021

Ma’aly Hazzaz, Elisa Kirkland, Olivier Van Bockstael
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 316 pp.
"Since it first began substantial implementation in 2018, the MDP has enabled UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector to immediately respond to emerging priorities and needs affecting freedom of expression, the safety of journalists, access to information, and community media. Before its cre ... more
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Independent Media Under Pressure: Evidence from Russia

Tom Paskhalis, Bryn Rosenfeld, Katerina Tertytchnaya
Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 38, issue 3 (2022), pp. 155-174
"Existing literature recognizes growing threats to press freedom around the world and documents changes in the tools used to stifle the independent press. However, few studies investigate how independent media respond to state pressure in an autocracy, documenting the impact of tactics that stop sho ... more
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Media Capture in the Czech Republic: Lessons Learnt from the Babis Era and How to Rebuild Defences Against Media Capture

Michal Klima
International Press Institute (IPI) (2022), 32 pp.
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Mapping the Website and Mobile App Audiences of Russia’s Foreign Communication Outlets, RT and Sputnik, Across 21 Countries

Julia Kling, Neil Thurman, Florian Toepel, Richard Flechter
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 3, issue 6 (2022), 17 pp.
"Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, policymakers worldwide have taken measures to curb the reach of Russia’s foreign communication outlets, RT and Sputnik. Mapping the audiences of these outlets in 21 countries, we show that in the quarter before the invasion, at least via their official we ... more
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Russia: Journalistic Investigations Under Attack

Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2022), 16 pp.
"For more than 30 years, investigative journalism has been playing a role in Russian society much bigger than it has ever had in traditional emocracies. Gorbachev’s reforms started with Glasnost (‘Openness’), when many journalists became household names. The problem was that there were no stan ... more
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Russlands unabhängiger Journalismus: Der harte Überlebenskampf unter totalitären Repressionsmaßnahmen

Sergej Parkhomenko
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 39 pp.
"Der Journalist und Verleger Sergej Parkhomenko ist ein international gefeierter Menschenrechtsverteidiger, Oppositionsaktivist und unter den russischen Medienschaffenden einer der wichtigsten Partner für das Internationale Journalisten- und Mediendialogprogramm (IJMD) der Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftun ... more
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Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia
Deep Insights

Washington, DC: IREX (2022), 348 pp.
"The 2022 Europe and Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) sees the addition of the five countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) to the study, bringing the total number of countries examined to 18. With VIBE, IREX strives to capture a moder ... more