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Investigative Journalism in Central and Eastern Europe: Autonomy, Business Models, and Democratic Roles

Václav Stetka, Henrik Örnebring

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 18, issue 4 (2013), pp. 413-435

"This article presents a comparative study of investigative journalism in nine countries in the Central and Eastern European region (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia). The purpose is descriptive and analytical. Descriptively, the articl ... more

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The Global Journalist in the 21st Century

David H. Weaver, Lars Willnat (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2012), 584 pp.

"The Global Journalist in the 21st Century systematically assesses the demographics, education, socialization, professional attitudes and working conditions of journalists in various countries around the world. This book updates the original Global Journalist (1998) volume with new data, adding more ... more

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Hungarian Media Laws in Europe: An Assessment of the Consistency of Hungary’s Media Laws with European Practices and Norms

Amy Brouillette et al.

Budapest: Center for Media and Communication Studies (CMCS), Central European University (2012), xviii, 186 pp.

"Hungarian lawmakers have established a set of comprehensive new media laws that critics say are inconsistent with democratic free-press principles and European practices and norms. Hungarian officials say the legislation conforms to EU standards and its elements are drawn from existing regulations ... more

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Storytelling in World Cinemas. Vol. 1: Forms

Lina Khatib (ed.)

London; New York: Wallflower Press (2012), xi, 208 pp.

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Community Radio in the Twenty-First Century

Janey Gordon (ed.)

Oxford; Bern; Berlin et al.: Peter Lang (2012), ix, 403 pp.

"In the twenty-first century, community radio is fulfilling an increasingly important role in the world’s mediascape. This book documents the ways in which community radio broadcasters and activists are using the medium in countries around the world to challenge political corruption, aid the trans ... more

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The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World

Soumitra Dutta, Beñat Bilbao-Osorio (eds.)

Geneva: World Economic Forum; INSEAD (2012), 413 pp.

"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi ... more

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Getting the Facts Right: Reporting Ethnicity and Religion. A Study of Media Coverage of Ethnicity and Religion in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Slovakia and the United Kingdom

Verica Rupar

Media Diversity Institute; Article 19; International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2012), 71 pp.

"This study brings journalists back to the centre of inquiry about the media’s role in covering ethnicity and religion. It asks: What professional norms guide editors and journalists when reporting on ethnicity and religion? What news gathering tools are most commonly used? What are the institutio ... more

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Mapping Digital Media: Hungary

Borbála Tóth

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 108 pp.

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Freedom on the Net 2012: A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media

Sanja Kelly, Sarah Cook, Mai Truong (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2012), 657 pp.

"This report is the third in a series of comprehensive studies of internet freedom around the globe and covers developments in 47 countries that occurred between January 2011 and May 2012. Over 50 researchers, nearly all based in the countries they analyzed, contributed to the project by researching ... more

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The Palgrave Handbook of Global Radio

John Allen Hendricks (ed.)

Houndmills, Basingstoke; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xxxiv, 590 pp.

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INDIREG Preliminary Final Report: Indicators for Independence and Efficient Functioning of Audiovisual Media Services Regulatory Bodies for the Purpose of Enforcing the Rules in the AVMS Directive (SMART 2009/0001)

Hamburg; Leuven: Hans-Bredow-Institut; Center for Media and Communication Studies (CMCS), Central European University; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Interdisciplinary Centre for Law & ICT (ICRI) (2011), 417 pp.

"The study has three general objectives: (1) A detailed legal description and analysis of the audiovisual media services regulatory bodies in the Member States, in candidate and potential candidate countries of the European Union and the EFTA countries, as well as four non-European countries; (2) an ... more

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Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media

Carolyn M. Byerly

Washington, DC: International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) (2011), 393 pp.

"There is abundant evidence of underrepresentation of women as subjects of coverage, but until now there were no reliable, comprehensive data on which to make a clear determination about where women currently fit into the news-making operation or in the decision-making or ownership structure of thei ... more

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Minorities in the Hungarian Media: Campaigns, Projects and Programmes for Integration

Borbála Tóth

Budapest: Center for Independent Journalism (2011), 45 pp.

"The number of foreigners in Hungary (as a proportion of the total population) is a negligible two percent. The majority of immigrants are Hungarian nationals coming from the neighbouring countries. Given to the low number of foreign citizens, the ‘man in the street’ in Hungary relatively rarely ... more

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Hungary

Péter Bajomi-Lázár

Oxford; London: University of Oxford, Department of Politics and International Relations; London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Media and Communications (2011), 28 pp.

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Caught in the Middle: Central and Eastern European Journalism at a Crossroads

Ellen Hume

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 93 pp.

"Particularly as journalism transitions to new digital, mobile, and Internet formats, Central and Eastern European countries need to experiment with new business and usage models and find strong advocates for independent media. Instead, the current economic, political and social momentum is pushing ... journalists toward sensationalized and partisan tabloid content that does little to earn respect for accountability journalism or engage citizens about important issues. Some nationalistic governments are seeking to co-opt media independence in all of its forms. Some of the best independent journalists are being driven to work for quixotic websites with little audience and no money. Media ownership is a paramount issue in the region, especially in Romania, where five oligarchs hold sway, with little interest in good journalism, and in Latvia, where the one strong daily paper has been sold, after 20 good years, to a politically ambitious local businessman. A pattern has developed in the region: The international media investors such as Rupert Murdoch and Ronald Lauder, who developed the new marketplace for private media after communism fell, are selling out to local entrepreneurs who are interested in harvesting the political potential of these now-established media venues. European Union (EU) accession prompted a flurry of press freedom laws that remain on the books in most of these countries but are not workable without constant vigilance and activism. Organizations like the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, the Latvian Open Society Institute, and the Romanian Center for Independent Journalism are holding their fingers in the dike but are not getting much help from either EU or other Western media developers, who are triaging their aid, moving to the hot zones in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Africa. Public broadcasters, buffeted by political pressure and tabloid competition from private channels, are in a downward spiral, with declining audiences and budgets. Some scholars question their survival, but others hope that digitizing their channels will breathe new life into public media. On the bright side, each country studied has pluralistic media options, and continues to produce investigative journalists of fierce integrity and great skill. Gazeta Wyborcza in Poland remains a strong newspaper and website, with quality journalism and respect throughout the region, even if Polish public television has become a tabloid mess. The Czech Republic still has some effective news organizations and an independent public television news division. Unlike during Communist times, or the still frozen autocracies to the East, journalists in Central and Eastern Europe are able to stay alive and out of jail while uncovering information and publishing it to hold the powerful accountable, even if it is only on a niche website to an elite audience. Such Web-based news organizations, like Latvia’s Ir.lv, the Czech Republic’s Aktuálně.cz, and Hungary’s, www.hirszerzo.hu and oknyomozó.hu, are worth watching. Finally, it is clear that the media developers contributed a lot, and learned a lot, but moved away from Central and Eastern Europe too soon. They should consider new initiatives both regionally and nationally, to support: investigative journalism projects with genuine public importance and ethical boundaries; journalism associations that stress professionalism and counteract the political elites’ dismissal of journalism’s value; media criticism publications that hold journalists, owners, and politicians accountable to the public; media literacy training, as well as a larger curriculum that stresses the rights and obligations of citizens in a democracy." (Executive summary, pages 6-7) more

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Understanding Community Media
Deep Insights

Kevin Howley (ed.)

London et al.: Sage (2010), xii, 410 pp.

"With contributions from an international team of well-known experts, media activists, and promising young scholars, this comprehensive volume examines community-based media from theoretical, empirical, and practical perspectives. More than 30 original essays provide an incisive and timely analysis ... more

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Footprint of Financial Crisis in the Media

London: Open Society Institute, Media Program (2010), 14 pp.

"The global economic downturn has affected countless businesses across the region, forcing them to slash costs, lay off employees, and reduce output. Media businesses are no exception. However, when media businesses are hit, it is not just their turnover that suffers: their primary function, the del ... more

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Blick zurück nach vorn: Samizdat, Internet und die Freiheit des Wortes

Manfred Sapper, Volker Weichsel, Wolfgang Eichwede (eds.)

Osteuropa, volume 60, issue 11 (2010), pp. 3-258

"Peter Reddaway und neun weitere Autoren schauen ins das Archiv der Freiheit, das die osteuropäischen Bürgerrechtler mit ihren selbstverlegten Schriften anlegten. Sie entdecken substantielle Beiträge zur politischen Ideengeschichte des mündigen Bürgers. Sind im Zeitalter der wiedererstarkten po ... more