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Protection mechanisms in Latin America: How to strengthen the fragile shield protecting journalists

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2024), 13 pp.

"Ensuring a safe environment for journalists continues to be a major challenge for Latin America’s democracies. At least 338 journalists have been killed in the region since 2000. These deaths have been compounded by waves of harassment, arbitrary arrests and judicial persecution, which have force ... d journalists to flee abroad. Due to this systemic violence, protection mechanisms are urgently needed. These statesector programmes aim to protect individuals who are exposed to risks because of their journalistic work or because they combat corruption, organised crime, and abuses carried out by authorities. These initiatives are often launched in response to pressure from civil society and international organisations. In the past ten years, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Honduras all established such mechanisms. More recently, Ecuador and Peru launched protection initiatives in response to increased attacks. After several administrations that were hostile towards the media, Guatemala is now also trying to implement a protection policy, while draft laws are being discussed in Chile and Paraguay. Despite national differences, these mechanisms are built around common missions: assessing risks, determining appropriate measures and implementing protection plans for those under state protection. The methods used can take various forms, ranging from regular police patrols and emergency communication channels with law enforcement to enhanced protection measures such as bodyguards, armoured vehicles, bulletproof vests, surveillance cameras, and even relocation to safer places in the most serious situations. With support from UNESCO, Reporters Without Borders (RSF) has worked to strengthen these mechanisms since 2021. In 2022, RSF published a report entitled “Protection paradigm: making protection mechanisms work for Latin American journalists” on Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, and Honduras. Now, this report focuses on the initiatives emerging in Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Peru. Through this report, RSF reaffirms its commitment — together with civil society and authorities — to establishing concrete responses to the threats against journalists. The number of protection mechanisms are growing, but their efficacy varies considerably and depends on an integrated approach involving various actors in order to prevent violence and ensure that those responsible are brought to justice. Many programmes are cruelly lacking in resources and can offer only limited state support, meaning they often fail to react to threats or prosecute attackers." (Foreword, page 3) more

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The Power of Trust: Countering Vaccine Hesitancy and Misinformation in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru

María Fernández García

Internews (2024), 19 pp.

"Internews designed “The Power of Trust” to strengthen intercultural health networks and provide information to build trust around COVID-19 vaccines. Over 11 months, Internews and local partners continuously listened to the information needs of the communities. In response, we developed forums i ... more

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Ni sumisas, ni sufridas: Representación de mujer y relaciones de pareja. Casos: Traicionada, legado de amor y Luz de Luna

Fernando Palomino et al.

Lima: Calandria (2024), 133 pp.

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Comunicación Ciudadana y Radios Comunitarias

Angélica Mendieta Ramírez, José Luis Estrada Rodríguez (eds.)

Puebla: Cierzo Editorial; Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, Fondo Editorial (2024), 232 pp.

"Este libro explora el papel transformador de las radios comunitarias en América Latina, destacando su función como herramientas de comunicación ciudadana, justicia social y desarrollo humano. A través de estudios y casos como JënPoj en Oaxaca, Radio Huayacocotla y San Jerónimo Xayacatlán, se ... more

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¿Cómo son las prácticas lectoras de la población peruana? Un análisis interdisciplinario de los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Lectura

Francisco Thaine, José Diego González, Lorena Panche et al.

Lima: Ministerio de Cultura del Perú (2024), 304 pp.

"La Encuesta Nacional de Lectura 2022 (ENL 2022) representa, hasta la fecha, la más ambiciosa operación estadística nacional para conocer el comportamiento lector de la población peruana. El objetivo principal fue identificar y caracterizar las brechas en el acceso y la práctica de la lectura, ... more

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Digital Satire in Latin America: Online Video Humor as Hybrid Alternative Media

Paul Alonso

Gainesville: University Press of Florida (2024), x, 193 pp.

"This book analyzes how digital-native audiovisual satire has become increasingly influential in national public debates within Latin America. Paul Alonso illuminates the role of online video in filling gaps in sociopolitical critique left by television, traditional journalism, and commercial entert ... more

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Alberto Fujimori, imagen y poder 1990-2000

Christabelle Roca-Rey

Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP) (2024), 247 pp.

"La propaganda política siempre ha existido. Sin embargo, pocos presidentes peruanos hicieron un uso más exhaustivo y consciente de las imágenes que Alberto Fujimori. Este libro analiza esta tendencia y la manera en la que, durante la década de 1990, cambió la relación entre el poder y los med ... more

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Los caminos regulatorios para la IA en América Latina: Recopilación de estudios de caso en Brasil, México, Perú y Colombia

AlSur (2024), 24 pp.

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Analysis of Peruvian Newspaper Portrayal of Chinese Foreign Direct Investments From 2001 to 2020: An Exploration of Factors Influencing International Economic News Reporting

Longxing Wang, Yicheng Zhu, Juan Diego Zamudio Padilla, Ruitong Huang, Zejia Bi, Yue Shu, Haoyi Chen

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 2598-2625

"In recent years, the economic exchanges between China and Latin American countries have been further deepened, and news about Chinese foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the region responds to economic reality and the different stages of changing international relations and media characteristics. ... more

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Laboratorio de medios: Alertas mediáticas 2023

Lima: Observatorio de Medios; Calandria; Consejo Consultivo de Radio y Televisión (CONCORTV) (2024), 112 pp.

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Estudio cuantitativo sobre consumo televisivo y radial de niños, niñas y adolescentes

Lima: Consejo Consultivo de Radio y Televisión (CONCORTV); Consorcio Levano (2024), 124 pp.

"A nivel de ciudades, las mayores diferencias se observan en la tenencia de cable e internet. En el primer caso se destacan Lima/Callao, Chimbote, Huaraz, Iquitos y Tarapoto, con porcentajes superiores a la media nacional (65%). En el segundo caso, se destacan por encima de la media nacional (81%) L ... more

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Consumo televisivo y radial de niños, niñas y adolescentes 2024

Lima: Consejo Consultivo de Radio y Televisión (CONCORTV) (2024), 2 pp.

"98% ven televisión, 98% usan internet, 62% esuchan radio. 97 usan YouTube, 78% Whatsapp, 72% TikTok. 89% afirman que en el colegio les enseñaron sobre los medios de comunicación." (Página 1)

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Craig T. Robertson, Amy Ross Arguedas, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 167 pp.

"In many countries, especially outside Europe and the United States, we find a significant further decline in the use of Facebook for news and a growing reliance on a range of alternatives including private messaging apps and video networks. Facebook news consumption is down 4 percentage points, acr ... oss all countries, in the last year. • News use across online platforms is fragmenting, with six networks now reaching at least 10% of our respondents, compared with just two a decade ago. YouTube is used for news by almost a third (31%) of our global sample each week, WhatsApp by around a fifth (21%), while TikTok (13%) has overtaken Twitter (10%), now rebranded X, for the first time. • Linked to these shifts, video is becoming a more important source of online news, especially with younger groups. Short news videos are accessed by two-thirds (66%) of our sample each week, with longer formats attracting around half (51%). The main locus of news video consumption is online platforms (72%) rather than publisher websites (22%), increasing the challenges around monetisation and connection. • Although the platform mix is shifting, the majority continue to identify platforms including social media, search, or aggregators as their main gateway to online news. Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) identify news websites or apps as their main source of online news – that’s down 10 percentage points on 2018. Publishers in a few Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are showing a weaker connection with news brands than they did in the past. • Turning to the sources that people pay most attention to when it comes to news on various platforms, we find an increasing focus on partisan commentators, influencers, and young news creators, especially on YouTube and TikTok. But in social networks such as Facebook and X, traditional news brands and journalists still tend to play a prominent role. • Concern about what is real and what is fake on the internet when it comes to online news has risen by 3 percentage points in the last year with around six in ten (59%) saying they are concerned. The figure is considerably higher in South Africa (81%) and the United States (72%), both countries that have been holding elections this year. • Worries about how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content in online platforms is highest for TikTok and X when compared with other online networks. Both platforms have hosted misinformation or conspiracies around stories such as the war in Gaza, and the Princess of Wales’s health, as well as so-called ‘deep fake’ pictures and videos." (Executive summary, page 10) more

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Soap Operas and Pro-Savings Attitudes in Poor Rural Areas of Peru

Alberto Chong, Martin Valdivia

Atlanta: International Center for Public Policy (2023), 17 pp.

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Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Chile: The Experience of Peruvian Migrants

Alfonso Otaegi

London: UCL Press (2023), xiii, 193 pp.

"Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Chile analyses the experience of ageing for Peruvian migrants aged around 60, who have lived in Chile for over 20 years. Their lives are informed by a series of experiences of being in between. They live between two coun ... more

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La radio AM en el ecosistema mediático de América Latina y el Caribe

Nair Prata, Nélia R. Del Bianco, Tito Ballesteros (comps.)

Florianópolis: Editora Insular (2023), 453 pp.

"La historia de las emisoras en Amplitud Modulada (AM) es, en gran medida, la crónica de la propia radio. En los países latinoamericanos, la radio AM jugó un papel integrador y fue un instrumento para consolidar la identidad nacional y cultural de cada nación. Las primeras radios comerciales y e ... statales fueron guiadas y alentadas por políticas gubernamentales en medio de guerras, planes nacionalistas y regímenes militares. Durante décadas, la radio AM ha seguido un camino marcado por los cambios sociales y políticos en la región de América Latina. Vivió la época dorada en las décadas de 1940 y 1950, con una programación diversa: informativos, radioteatros, e incluso programas infantiles. Durante los regímenes militares sirvió para difundir la política nacionalista de cada país. También fue un instrumento de educación, ofreciendo cursos de alfabetización y profesionalización. Con la apertura política de algunos países, se inicia una etapa de mayor interacción y participación del oyente. En la era digital, la frecuencia AM vive un momento de transición, de necesidad de adaptarse al entorno multiplataforma e integrar nuevos lenguajes. Actualmente, la radio AM enfrenta desafíos de financiamiento y permanencia en el ecosistema de medios [...] Escribir acerca del comportamiento de la radio AM en América Latina y el Caribe, desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad, ha sido la pretensión de este libro que se ha cruzado con la dificultad en el acceso a fuentes para reconstruir el relato radiofónico regional; Indagar, jerarquizar y contrastar fueron algunos de los verbos que se pusieron en acción para sacar adelante una obra seguramente inacabada. En cuanto a la AM, no hay versiones definitivas sobre sus acontecimientos históricos. Para algunas fuentes, la primera emisora pudo ser X, mientras que para otras fue Y. Para algunos especialistas, la AM nació eminentemente musical; mientras que, para otros, lo hizo apoyada en la música y la oralidad. En cuanto a fechas, datos y cifras, hay disparidad de versiones dentro de un mismo país y, precisamente, debido a la escasa y verificada información sobre el tema, la AM en América Latina y el Caribe quiere proponer una mirada y un soporte físico más sobre sus caminos." (Introducción) more

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Libertad de prensa en tres países de la región: Perú, Chile y México

María Sosa Mendoza

Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL); Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (2023), 32 pp.

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T. Robertson, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 158 pp.

"Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) now say they prefer to start their news journeys with a website or app – that’s down 10 percentage points since 2018. Publishers in a few smaller Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are ... showing a weaker connection with news brands’ own websites and apps than previous cohorts – preferring to access news via side-door routes such as social media, search, or mobile aggregators. • Facebook remains one of the most-used social networks overall, but its influence on journalism is declining as it shifts its focus away from news. It also faces new challenges from established networks such as YouTube and vibrant youth-focused networks such as TikTok. The Chinese-owned social network reaches 44% of 18–24s across markets and 20% for news. It is growing fastest in parts of Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. • When it comes to news, audiences say they pay more attention to celebrities, influencers, and social media personalities than journalists in networks like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. This contrasts sharply with Facebook and Twitter, where news media and journalists are still central to the conversation. • Much of the public is sceptical of the algorithms used to select what they see via search engines, social media, and other platforms. Less than a third (30%) say that having stories selected for me on the basis of previous consumption is a good way to get news, 6 percentage points lower than when we last asked the question in 2016. Despite this, on average, users still slightly prefer news selected this way to that chosen by editors or journalists (27%), suggesting that worries about algorithms are part of a wider concern about news and how it is selected. • Despite hopes that the internet could widen democratic debate, we find fewer people are now participating in online news than in the recent past. Aggregated across markets, only around a fifth (22%) are now active participators, with around half (47%) not participating in news at all. In the UK and United States, the proportion of active participators has fallen by more than 10 percentage points since 2016. Across countries we find that this group tends to be male, better educated, and more partisan in their political vie ws. • Trust in the news has fallen, across markets, by a further 2 percentage points in the last year, reversing in many countries the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, four in ten of our total sample (40%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while Greece (19%) has the lowest after a year characterised by heated arguments about press freedom and the independence of the media." (Summary, page 10) more

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Gender Equality in Community Radio: A Qualitative Analysis of Gender Policies and Practices at Radio Cutivalú, Peru

Julia Stasko

Magedburg: Otto von Guericke University, Master Thesis (2023), v, 95 pp.

"This study aims to explore the policies and practices of Radio Cutivalú in the promotion of gender equality and women’s empowerment within the context of the prevailing patriarchal structures in Peruvian society. For this purpose, the following research question is formulated: Does Radio Cutival ... more

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Compendio normativo sobre los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en el Perú

Lima: Instituto de Defensa Legal (IDL); Forest Peoples Programme; Nia Tero (2023), 415 pp.