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288
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Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
48
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
47
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
36
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
33
Media Law & Regulation
33
Journalistic Quality
18
Media Management
18
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
16
Associations & Networks of Journalists
16
Journalism Education & Training
16
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
14
Media Use, Media Consumption
11
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
11
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
11
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
10
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
10
War Reporting
10
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
10
Political Transition and Media
10
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
9
Democracy / Democratization and Media
8
Propaganda
8
Public Service Broadcasting
8
Audiences & Users
7
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
7
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
7
Social Media in Political Communication
7
Twitter & Microblogs
7
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
7
Internet
6
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
6
Female Journalists & Media Workers
6
Journalism
6
Politics and Media
6
Political Communication
6
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
5
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
5
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
5
Facebook
5
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
5
Economics of Media
5
Media Ownership
5
Media Assistance
5
Media & Communication Policies
5
Press Landscapes
5
Television Landscapes
5
Advertising Markets & Industries
4
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Censorship
4
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
4
ICT Regulation
4
Media Concentration
4
Media Industries
4
Media Markets
4
Ethics in Media & Communication
4
International Communication
4
Foreign News, International News
4
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
4
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
4
Election Reporting
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Radio
4
Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
3
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
3
Mobile Phone Use
3
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
3
Media / Communication Control
3
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
3
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
3
Social Media
3
Bots
3
Telegram
3
ICT Industries & Markets
3
Romani People
3
Television Markets
3
Bias in News Media
3
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
3
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
3
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
3
Radio Landscapes
3
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
3
Media Outlets, Media Associations
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Digital Television
3
Telecommunication Infrastructure
3
Television Channels
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
2
Advertising
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
2
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
2
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Holocaust
2
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
2
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
2
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Algorithms & Big Data
2
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Online Services
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
TikTok
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Indicators
2
LGBT & Communication / Media
2
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Gendered Disinformation
2
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Economy
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Journalism Ethics
2
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Good Practice Examples
2
COVID-19 Communication
2
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
2
Satellite Television
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
News Reception
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Political Reporting
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Local Communication & Media
2
USA: Media Assistance
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
2
Broadcasting Companies
2
Diasporas
2
Refugees / Displaced People
2
Politics
2
Populism
2
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
2
Public & State Television
2
Satellite Radios
2
Opinion, Opinion Formation, Opinion Change
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Television Transmitters
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Open Data
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Mobile Phone Advocacy & Campaigns
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Audience Research
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
Information Needs in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Media Reception & Effects: Youth
1
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Samizdat
1
Book Markets & Industries
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Campaigning: Message Design
1
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
1
Election Campaigns
1
Public Awareness Campaigns
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Catholic Press
1
Catholic Television
1
Pastoral Plans for Communication
1
Saints
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Political Cartoons & Comics
1
Greek Catholic Church
1
Christian Television Programmes
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Communication Rights
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Communication Strategies
1
Government Propaganda
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Development
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Radios
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Digital Anthropology, Cyberanthropology
1
Artists
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Creative & Cultural Industries
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Cultural Exchange
1
Memes
1
Literature
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Development Assistance Criticism
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Development Issues and Development Assistance
1
Development and Media
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Internet Markets
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Instagram
1
YouTube
1
Websites
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
AI Reporting
1
ICT Economics
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
ICT Policies
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minority Rights
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disaster Risk & Preparedness Communication, Disaster Prevention Communication
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
1
Stop.Fake.org (Internet Portal, Kiev)
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Government-Sponsored Disinformation
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Press Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Video on Demand
1
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
1
Traffic & Transport Infrastructure
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Infotainment, Politainment
1
Sports Reporting
1
Docudrama
1
Television Fiction
1
Television Serials
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Ethics & Data Protection in Research
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Press Councils
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Women (General)
1
Health Campaigns: Experiences
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Arab World / Middle East: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Foreign Policies
1
European Union (EU)
1
United Nations (UN)
1
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Local Journalism
1
News Agencies
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Language
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
France: Media Assistance
1
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
1
Japan: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Effects
1
Media Assistance: Funding Policies
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Norway: Media Assistance
1
Poland: Media Assistance
1
Sweden: Media Assistance
1
United Kingdom: Media Assistance
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Media Literacy: Secondary Education
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Judiciary & Penal System
1
Licensing of Media
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Change & Process Management
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
Financing Media: Customer Payments, Subscription Models, User-Based Financing
1
Financing Not-For-Profit & Community Media
1
Crowdfunding
1
Organisational Development & Capacity Building
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Voice of America
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Blind & Visually Impaired People
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Internal Politics
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Change
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Political Transition
1
Framing
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Discourse
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Opinion Manipulation
1
Public Spheres
1
Magazines
1
Newspapers
1
Emotions in Communication & Media
1
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Manipulation
1
Religion and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Change
1
Religious Practice
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Digital Sources
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Society
1
Civil Society
1
Social Movements
1
Digital Radio
1
Digital Switchover
1
Informatics
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Telecommunications
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Telephone
1
Cable Television
1
Hromadske TV (Internet Television Channel, Ukraine)
1
Television Networks
1
Television Talk Shows
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth & Religious Communication: Catholic Church
1
AI & Disinformation
1
The Economist (News Magazine)
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This report is published quarterly and gives an overview of key communication, community engagement and accountability (CCEA) barriers and gaps across the Ukraine response, as well as recommendations for practitioners and responders to improve the use of CCEA for those affected by the crisis. Despi ... more
"Over the past decade, Vladimir Putin’s Russia has employed unorthodox foreign policy tools with increasing frequency, intensity, and success. Perhaps the most effective of these tactics has been the use of information warfare designed to affect decision-making in countries Russia considers to be ... more
"We sought to better understand Russia's disinformation on social media and generate recommendations to better meet and counter this evolving threat. We relied on an analysis of Russian military literature, investigative efforts, official reports, academic and policy literature, media reporting, and ... more
"Key findings and recommendations on the main communication, community engagement and accountability (CCEA) barriers and gaps: Finding 1: There is strong rhetoric from international agencies to support local/national CCEA and work on more inclusive partnerships – but progress has been slow Finding ... more
"The war in Ukraine is just the latest instance where attention-grabbing events have fuelled the rapid spread of false or misleading news about refugees and migrants. This Issue Paper examines the challenges posed by disinformation about refugees from Ukraine, as well as the responses taken so far t ... more
"This study points to several recommendations for how international donors can improve support for media sector reform in countries at critical political junctures, and how they can build upon and strengthen approaches that have been effective in the past. Donor support is more likely to be effectiv ... more
"More than nine months into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the online methods for tracking this war are many and proliferating, including the most obvious source of all — social media networks. A 2019 law designed to keep its military from posting on social media has not deterred Russian service ... more
"The Russia-Ukraine war’s ramifications for Vietnam are felt beyond the economic and diplomatic realms. It has in fact become an online hotbed of conflicting and confounding narratives that demonstrate different worldviews and political leanings among Vietnamese netizens. An examination of 28 Face ... more
"The spread of disinformation around Russia’s invasion of Ukraine reflects wider challenges related to the shift in how information is produced and distributed. Platform and algorithm designs can amplify the spread of disinformation by facilitating the creation of echo chambers and confirmation bi ... more
"International assistance actors have played an important role in supporting media reforms in Ukraine. Their long-term, continuous efforts planted the seeds for groundbreaking media environment changes during Ukraine’s democratic transition. International donors’ sustained engagement in Ukraine ... more
"Since gaining independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has lurched along an unsteady path toward accountable democratic governance. Yet despite the country's volatile politics and the escalating conflict with Russia leading up to the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in ... more
"This Media Landscape Guide provides a snapshot of the current media in Ukraine, including the historical background to the media, media trends and freedoms, languages in the different media, media access and barriers for different groups in the community, audiences and their preferences. It conside ... more

Vibrant Information Barometer: Europe & Eurasia

Washington, DC: IREX (2022), 348 pp.
"The 2022 Europe and Eurasia Vibrant Information Barometer (VIBE) sees the addition of the five countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) to the study, bringing the total number of countries examined to 18. With VIBE, IREX strives to capture a moder ... more
"Vielfaltig, unzensiert, demokratiefördernd - das ist das Internet, hofften viele Menschen lange. Doch diese Attribute passen aus heutiger Sicht nicht - oder nur teilweise. Denn die großen digitalen Plattformen und das World Wide Web sind beides: Medien der Freiheit und der Kontrolle. Sie helfen d ... more
"The aim of this research was to study media consumption habits among different age groups and geographical areas, as well as the public's vulnerability to various disinformation and manipulative narratives disseminated in Georgia. The first part of the research concerns media literacy competencies, ... more
"Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyberspace in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state acto ... more
"In late February 2022, Russian forces launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine which sent shockwaves around the world. As the world responded with sanctions against Russia, Moscow increased its public relations campaign to justify its invasion and recast the narrative in the media and on the inter ... more
"In the light of recent emergencies in Europe and around the globe—including COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine—the spotlight has shifted towards the scarcity of Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) research applied to health emergencies. RCCE nurtures the sense of empowerment among c ... more
"The topic of the war in Ukraine dominated the media during the first three months of the war and completely marginalized all other topics. The most foreign actor reported on most in the media was Russia, while the countries of the West, the US, the EU, and NATO were far less noticeable. Although th ... more