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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Digital Middle East: State and Society in the Information Age
New York; Qatar: Oxford University Press; Georgetown University (2018), xii, 335 pp.
"Digital Middle East sheds a critical light on continuing changes that are closely intertwined with the adoption of information and communication technologies in the MENA region. Drawing on case studies from throughout the Middle East, the contributors explore how these digital transformations are p
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Internet Freedoms in Palestine: Mapping of Digital Rights Violations and Threats
Haifa: 7amleh – Arab Center for Social Media Advancement (2018), 35 pp.
"The first part of the report provides a general introduction to the definition of digital rights and what they entail, and surveys key UN resolutions that recognise the impact of the internet on human rights. The second part of the report examines the accessibility of the internet by Palestinians a
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Kept in the Dark: Social and Psychological Impacts of Network Shutdowns in India
New Delhi: Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) (2018), 70 pp.
"While the State has been justifying network shutdowns as matters of “national interests”, it is interesting to note that the effect has been the total opposite. Interviewees in Kashmir and Darjeeling have stated that their mistrust in the Indian government has grown due to these actions. These
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Press Freedom and Nigeria's Cybercrime Act of 2015: An Assessment
Africa Spectrum, volume 52, issue 2 (2017), pp. 117-127
"This study assesses the Cybercrime Act 2015 and its implications for online press freedom in the liberal authoritarian state of Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines how the character of political leadership in Nigeria leads to wrongful application of the act to undermine the independence of th
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Internet: Smarte neue Welt
welt-sichten, issue 12 (2017), pp. 12-42
"Digitale Medien verbreiten sich über die Welt: Auch in Madagaskar verwenden Kinder Handys. In Kenia nutzt die Regierungspartei in Wahlkämpfen bereits die gleichen Datenanalysen, die in den USA Donald Trump geholfen haben, Präsident zu werden. Und in der Wirtschaft bewirken Daten und Internet-Pla
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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Deep Insights
Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.
"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice
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No Country for Human Rights Activists: Assaults on Bloggers and Democracy Campaigners in Vietnam
Human Rights Watch (2017), 65 pp.
"The Vietnamese government has long arrested and prosecuted domestic human rights activists, using rights-violating laws and Communist Party-controlled courts and police. But the recent explosion of internet-driven activism in the country has coincided with the appearance of another frightening inst
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Compromising Connectivity: Information Dynamics Between the State and Society in a Digitizing North Korea
Washington, DC: Intermedia (2017), 97 pp.
"The information and media environment in North Korea continues to evolve quickly. This report demonstrates that the depth and diversity of information and media access channels have grown markedly since the release of A Quiet Opening in 2012. More North Koreans have greater access to a larger varie
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Digital Resistance in the Middle East: New Media Activism in Everyday Life
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2017), xi, 194 pp.
"This book argues that Internet diffusion and use in the Middle East enables meaningful micro-changes in citizens’ lives, even in states where no Arab Spring revolution occurred. Using ethnographic evidence and taking a comparative perspective, it presents a grass roots look at how new media use f
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Unshackling Expression: A Study on Laws Criminalising Expression Online in Asia
Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2017), 141 pp.
"In this special edition of GISWatch, Unshackling Expression, APC brings together analysis on the criminalisation of online expression from six Asian states: Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. While the report mostly focuses on criminalisation, curbs placed on expression usin
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Beyond the Great Firewall: How China Became a Global Information Power
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA); Article 19 (2017), 41 pp.
The Crime of Speech: How Arab Governments Use the Law to Silence Expression Online
Electronic Frontier Foundation (2016), 31 pp.
"I have found that Saudi Arabia and Jordan rely on counterterrorism and cybercrime regulations to prosecute online activism. Egypt uses a new anti-protest law passed in 2014 and Tunisia, in contrast, relies on old defamation and anti-drug laws that have been used for decades prior to the revolution.
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Freedom on the Net 2016. Silencing the Messenger: Communication Apps Under Pressure
Deep Insights
Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2016), 1021 pp.
"Internet freedom has declined for the sixth consecutive year, with more governments than ever before targeting social media and communication apps as a means of halting the rapid dissemination of information, particularly during antigovernment protests. Public-facing social media platforms like Fac
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Rise in Censorship of the Internet and Social Media in Africa
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 8, issue 3 (2016), pp. 413-421
"African autocratic regimes have fallen through opposition waged by ordinary citizens through the new platforms of mobile phones, the Internet and social media. It is not surprising therefore that autocratic African leaders and governments will want to restrict these platforms. African governments h
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Benchmarking Demand: Pakistan and the Internet Users’ Perspective
Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2016), 27 pp.
"The percentage of Pakistanis using the Internet increased by 37.5% between 2009 and 2013, though overall internet penetration remains very low with only 11% of the population having access to the Internet". (Page 9) "Heavy internet users in Pakistan are very young (72% under 30 years of age), large
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Using the Universal Periodic Review for Human Rights Online
London: Global Partners Digital (2016), 31 pp.
"The guide is designed to help human rights defenders working on human rights online navigate the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process, with resources and case studies of real life advocacy to help inform and structure engagement. It also provides examples of how the UPR has been used for human r
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Anti-Blasphemy Offensives in the Digital Age: When Hardliners Take Over
Washington, DC: Brookings Institution (2016), 31 pp.
Social Media in the Arab World: Communication and Public Opinion in the Gulf States
London: Tauris (2016), xv, 258 pp.
"Following the Arab Spring, the use of social media has become instrumental in organising activist movements and spreading political dissent in the Middle East. New online behaviours have transformed traditional communication channels, enabling young people of all backgrounds to feel politically emp
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Freedom of Expression Unfiltered: How Blocking and Filtering Affect Free Speech
London: Article 19 (2016), 26 pp.
"This policy brief is divided into four parts. First, we provide basic definitions and terminology concerning blocking/filtering. This is followed by an outline of relevant international standards on freedom of expression. We then address the fundamental issues underlying the use of filters and bloc
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