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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Journals
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Online Repression and Tactical Evasion: Evidence from the 2020 Day of Anger Protests in Egypt
Democratization, volume 30, issue 2 (2023), pp. 325-345
"Following the 2011 Arab Spring, autocrats have sought to limit citizens’ ability to publicize offline protests over social media. In this article, we explore how users adjust to these restrictions. To do so, we analyse 33 million tweets sent from Egypt during the “Day of Anger” protests in Se
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Ecuador Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 22 pp.
"Under the government of Rafael Correa, punitive measures were used systematically against the privately-owned press, and there were even emblematic prosecution cases that were later dealt with by international courts such as the El Universo case. However, Fundamedios and Fundación Periodistas Sin
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Kazakhstan Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 21 pp.
"This report focuses on the main trends in digital authoritarian technologies used in Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2022. It contextualises the repressive online mechanisms within the changing political landscape. The January 2022 protests tested the grounds of social and political liberties — the seemi
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How the Internet is Being Tamed in Russia: Chronicle of State Securitization Measures
Journalism Research, volume 6, issue 1 (2023), pp. 71-92
"As a communicative space, the Russian public sphere is dramatically prosecuted, and it suffers from pathologic efforts to have it systematically shut down. This article looks back into the history of the new restrictive media laws and their framing in the state media. The analysis is disclosing how
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Observatory Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 62 pp.
"Authoritarian practices are not strictly limited to authoritarian states; they are employed by regimes that span the political spectrum. The research approach argues for expanding the understanding of key authoritarian strategies to include persuasion alongside coercion and cooptation, which are id
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Disruptions as Opportunities: Governing Chinese Society with Interactive Authoritarianism
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2023), xv, 283 pp.
"[This book] addresses the long-standing puzzle of why China outlived other one-party authoritarian regimes with particular attention to how the state manages an emerging civil society. Drawing upon over 1,200 survey responses conducted in 126 villages in the Sichuan province, as well as 70 intervie
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The Unfreedom Monitor: A Methodology for Tracking Digital Authoritarianism Around the World
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 71 pp.
"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un
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Controlling China’s Digital Ecosystem: Observations on Chinese Social Media
China Leadership Monitor, issue 72 (2022), 10 pp.
"Nowhere is the effort to control the flow of digital information more extensive and sustained than it is in China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses a wide range of tools and strategies to achieve two related, but distinct, goals of digital information control: to shape public knowledge and to
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Zimbabwe Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 28 pp.
"The government of Zimbabwe and the ruling ZANU PF party are bent on ensuring that the status quo is preserved at all costs. As evidenced by findings in the Civic Media Observatory, the digital sphere has been identified as a threat to the country’s national security, insofar as deposing the curre
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Sudan Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 25 pp.
"There is a clear digital divide in Sudan as the number of internet users is a very low part of the population. Despite the high contribution of the telecommunication field to the GDP, the Sudanese authorities are not using this contribution to enhance and develop the ICT field to fill the gap of di
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Turkey Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 27 pp.
"Since its ascent to power twenty years ago, the ruling AKP has tightened the screws on all forms of freedom of expression, both online and offline. It has introduced draconian laws, imposed internet restrictions, blocked content, and has arrested and intimidated critics on an unprecedented level. I
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The Unfreedom Monitor: Brazil Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 19 pp.
"Under the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil, Latin America's largest democracy, has seen unprecedented increases in threats to citizens’ fundamental rights. Digital rights have not been an exception. Technoauthoritarianism in Brazil must be viewed as a multifaceted development and one that is
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Iranians on #SocialMedia
Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2022), 40 pp.
"This report explores the social media habits of Iranian netizens and how the Islamic Republic is repressing the online space." (Publisher description)
Is Telegram a “harbinger of Freedom”? The Performance, Practices, and Perception of Platforms as Political Actors in Authoritarian States
Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 38, issue 1-2 (2022), pp. 125-145
"This paper examines the practices, performance, and perceptions of the messaging platform Telegram as an actor in the 2020 Belarus protests, using publicly available data from Telegram’s public statements, protest-related Telegram groups, and media coverage. Developing a novel conceptualization o
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"The stories that make up this text offer an approach to the resistances and resiliencies that have arisen in Mexico, covering different manifestations of digital violence in the voices of people representing initiatives and communities that have been victimized through technologies that the state h
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Regulating Harmful Content in Indonesia: Legal Frameworks, Trends, and Concerns
Yogyakarta: Center for Digital Society (2022), xi, 120 pp.
"Publication and dissemination of harmful content are constituted as criminal offenses according to Indonesian regulation. Consequently, all harmful content could be criminally prosecuted [...] Several terms used in the regulations are too broad (e.g., morality, public order, etc.) and may cause mul
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Iron Net: Digital Repression in the Middle East and North Africa
London: European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) (2022), 25 pp.
"Saudi Arabia and the UAE are the leading exponents of digital authoritarianism in the Middle East. The two states have intensified their collaboration with China and Israel to gain greater access to advanced technologies. The EU has responded to concerns about the risks of new technologies with a r
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