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Überwachen und Strafen: Die Verschärfung der Internetkontrolle in Russland
Osteuropa, volume 66, issue 11-12 (2016), pp. 3-14
"Das Internet war in Russland lange ein Zufluchtsort der kritischen Öffentlichkeit. Hier gab es unabhängige Berichterstattung, als Zeitungen und Fernsehsender schon weitgehend auf Linie gebracht waren. Der Arabische Frühling und die Protestbewegung in Russland 2011/12 änderten dies. Das Putin-Re
...
Benchmarking Demand: Turkey’s Contested Internet
Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2015), 35 pp.
"The data in this report was collected between December 20, 2014 and February 2, 2015 and represents the views of 1161 respondents from that time. The goal of the project is to understand how people in Turkey perceive and value the debate over Internet freedoms in Turkey and how they employ the Inte
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In the Name of God: Faith-Based Internet Censorship in Majority Muslim Countries
Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt, Russia and Vietnam
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED); International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 57 pp.
"The three case studies depict a range of repressive efforts that are calibrated to achieve particular ends. Sometimes, the authorities choose to co-opt independent voices. In other instances, the regime may create new government-backed versions of media initiatives or civic organizations which mimi
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Security Versus Access: The Impact of Mobile Network Shutdowns. Case Study: Telenor Pakistan
London: Institute for Human Rights and Business (2015), 49 pp.
"Network shutdowns are usually justified on security grounds, and the counterargument is often framed around the impact on freedom of expression. However, the impacts of network shutdowns can have far-reaching, adverse economic and social implications and could affect future economic growth; further
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Digital Cleansing? A Look Into State-Sponsored Policing of Ethiopian Networked Communities
African Journalism Studies, volume 36, issue 4 (2015), pp. 102-124
"Drawing from hegemonic notions of development statism, this article looks at the extent to which digital platforms have become viable alternatives to traditional electronic and print media in Ethiopia. I argue that, despite its potential to promote freedom of speech, the Ethiopian online sphere is
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Benchmarking Public Demand: Russia's Appetite for Internet Control
Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS); Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) (2015), 26 pp.
"Almost half (49%) of all Russians believe that information on the Internet needs to be censored; a plurality (42%) of Russians believe foreign countries are using the Internet against Russia and its interests. About one-quarter of Russians think the Internet threatens political stability (24%); abo
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"How is freedom of expression in Pakistan’s digital spaces governed? What protections do journalists and bloggers enjoy? What is censored and how conducive is the environment for political and religious expression online? This research looks at these questions within the premise of an internationa
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Let 100 Voices Speak: How the Internet is Transforming China and Changing Everything
London: Tauris (2015), 212 pp.
"Despite being a heavily-censored society, China has over 560 million active internet users, more than double that of the USA. In this book, social media expert and China-watcher Liz Carter tells the story of how the internet in China is leading to a coming together of activists, ordinary people and
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"This paper does suggest that child abuse content is the most popular type of content on the Tor Dark Net. While law enforcement may crawl such sites, the number of requests that would be seen would be only a tiny fraction, and hence not skew the outline ratios. Similarly, denial of service attacks
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Freedom on the Net 2015: Privatizing Censorship, Eroding Privacy
Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2015), 986 pp.
"Internet freedom around the world has declined for the fifth consecutive year, with more governments censoring information of public interest and placing greater demands on the private sector to take down offending content. State authorities have also jailed more users for their online writings, wh
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Stifling the Public Sphere: Media and Civil Society in Egypt
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED); International Forum for Democratic Studies (2015), 16 pp.
"Egypt’s plummeting press freedom is in part a result of the many ways in which the state can put pressure on independent media under Egyptian law. While the January 2014 constitution contains clear protections for the media (including, under Article 71, bans on censorship and surveillance), many
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Analyzing Freedom of Expression Online: Theoretical, Empirical, and Normative Contributions
"it is clear that technological innovation will not necessarily enhance freedom of expression; indeed, research from across the many disciplines covered by Internet studies suggests that such fundamental freedoms will be diminished unless we pay more attention to the full array of policy 'games' tha
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Whither Blogestan: Evaluating Shifts in Persian Cyberspace
Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication’s Iran Media Program (2014), 45 pp.
"Our research confirms that the Persian blogosphere has undergone significant shifts since the late 2000s as a result of a confluence of multiple factors: state intervention, the rise of social networking sites, changes to iran’s socio-political culture, and personal/professional issues. Our study
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New Media and the Developmental State in Ethiopia
African Affairs, volume 113, issue 451 (2014), pp. 279-299
"The Ethiopian government, led by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), has developed one of the most restrictive systems for the regulation of new media in Africa. So far, most discussion has focused on the measures employed by the EPRDF to prevent the Internet and mobile p
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Supporting Internet Freedom: The Case of Iran
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2014), 24 pp.
"The aim of this report is not to question the value of supporting Internet freedom in closed societies such as Iran. Rather, the intent is to provide a picture of how difficult it is to achieve progress in such countries. In times of tightening budgets for media development work, it is worth consid
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Internet in Chains: The Front Line of State Repression in Iran
International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran (2014), 49 pp.
"Censorship and state control over the Internet in Iran is changing: it is becoming more systemic and less detectable, posing an ever-greater threat to Iranian users. Increasingly, the state is focusing on developing the technological infrastructure to effectively control access to the Internet insi
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Internet Rights That Went Wrong in Turkey
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2014), 17 pp.
"This report presents an up-to-date assessment of internet rights in Turkey, and has been prepared to coincide with the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) 2014 which is being hosted by Turkey in Istanbul from 2–5 September 2014. The IGF is a space that strives for a democratic and inclusive internet
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