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The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence Against Women Journalists. Research Discussion Paper
Deep Insights
UNESCO (2021), 94 pp.
"Online attacks on women journalists appear to be increasing significantly, as this study demonstrates, particularly in the context of the ‘shadow pandemic’ of violence against women during COVID-19. The pandemic has changed journalists’ working conditions, making them yet more dependent on di
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Engendering Hate: The Contours of State-Aligned Gendered Disinformation Online
London: Demos (2020), 40 pp.
"Online spaces are being systematically weaponised to exclude women leaders and to undermine the role of women in public life. Attacks on women which use hateful language, rumour and gendered stereotypes combine personal attacks with political motivations, making online spaces dangerous places for w
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Credible Threat: Attacks Against Women Online and the Future of Democracy
New York: Oxford University Press (2020), xii, 174 pp.
"This book argues that the rampant hate-filled attacks against women online are best understood as patterned resistance to women’s political voice and visibility. This abuse and harassment coalesces into an often-unrecognized form of gender inequality that constrains women’s use of digital publi
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Ser periodista en Twitter: Violencia de género digital en América Latina
Buenos Aires; Bogotá; Paris: Comunicación para la Igualdad Ediciones; Sentiido; UNESCO (2020), 131 pp.
"Las periodistas mujeres son atacadas, al igual que sus colegas varones, por los temas políticos o de coyuntura que publican; pero se utilizan contra ellas muchas más expresiones discriminatorias vinculadas al género y agresiones con connotaciones sexuales. En los ataques contra las periodistas h
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Twitter Scorecard: Tracking Twitter's Progress in Addressing Violence and Abuse Against Women Online
London: Amnesty International (2020), 22 pp.
"Twitter is still not doing enough to protect women from online violence and abuse. Since the release of Toxic Twitter in 2018, Amnesty International has continued to highlight the scale of abuse women face on Twitter, including in Argentina, India, the UK and the US. Meanwhile, women have continued
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Safety of Female Journalists Online: A #SOFJO Resource Guide
Key Guides
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 231 pp.
"Online harassment and abuse against women journalists has become a major hazard to the profession. One that threatens women journalists’ ability to do their jobs. It violates their right to freedom of expression as much as it hampers free and open access to information for all members of society.
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The Use of Telegram for Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images: Gendered Affordances and the Construction of Masculinities
Social Media + Society, volume 6, issue 4 (2020), 12 pp.
"This article analyses the role of Telegram in orienting, amplifying, and normalizing the non-consensual diffusion of intimate images (NCII). We focus on the sense of anonymity, the platform’s weak regulation, and the possibility of creating large male communities, arguing that these affordances a
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"The highest levels of regulation, from international treaties to constitutions, are unambiguous about creating an environment in which women thrive. However, this egalitarian space must be progressively realized, and one aspect of this work is eliminating discrimination, including in relation to ge
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Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.
"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara
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"This report specifically examines legal remedies for online attacks against journalists. It looks at three case studies, in Finland, France and Ireland, of female journalists who were viciously attacked online for their work and the ensuing attempts to hold the perpetrators accountable. From an ana
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Violence Against Women in Elections Online: A Social Media Analysis Tool
Washington, DC: International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES); USAID (2019), 72 pp.
"Around the world, women frequently experience harassment and violence when they decide to exercise their civil and political rights. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created new vehicles for violence against women in elections (VAWIE), including violence that takes place on so
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Cyberwomen: Holistic Digital Security Training Curriculum for Women Human Rights Defenders
Key Guides
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR) (2018), 331 pp.
"Cyberwomen is a digital security curriculum with a holistic and gender perspective, geared towards both professional trainers and those who want to learn how to train others on their digital protection and include gender considerations as they do so. It is made up of training modules, interactive g
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What Works to Prevent Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls?
Deep Insights
London: VAWG Helpdesk (2018), 16 pp.
"This document presents findings from a rapid review of available literature on what has worked to prevent cyber violence against women and girls. Key findings include: There is limited data on cyber violence against women and girls (VAWG) in general, and particularly on what works to prevent it [..
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Mapping Study on Cyberviolence
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2018), 151 pp.
"While cyberviolence may be targeted at any individual or group and may entail a wide range of acts, this mapping study focuses in particular on children and women, who are often the victims of cyberviolence. The experience and solutions with regard to these victims should modus modendi be applicabl
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TrollBusters: Fighting Online Harassment of Women Journalists
In: Mediating Misogyny: Gender, Technology, and Harassment
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), pp. 311-332
"For women journalists, online harassment may result in emotional stress and may require legal and technological remedies to mitigate the damage caused to their identity and reputation. Perpetrators can use a combination of online and offline attacks that threaten the employment and safety of journa
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Tackling gendered violence online: Evaluating digital safety strategies for women journalists
Australian Journalism Review, volume 40, issue 2 (2018), pp. 73-89
"While many reporters regularly experience online violence, women journalists are more likely than their male counterparts to be targeted for abusive comments and image focused, violently sexualised aggression. With such gendered violence having serious implications for media freedom, diversity and
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Nirbhaya, New Media and Digital Gender Activism
Bingley: Emerald Publishing (2018), xiii, 232 pp.
"This title centres around digital gender activism focusing on the implications that the phenomenon of online gender activism has for politics, society, culture and gender relations/dynamics. On December 16th, 2012, Jyoti Singh, a female psychotherapy student from New Delhi was raped by six men in a
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