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Climate Disinformation in Thailand: Negating Indigenous Peoples’ Identity

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2025), viii, 60 pp.

"This report examines how climate disinformation reinforces the systemic negation of Indigenous People's (IP) identity, undermining traditional practices, weakening advocacy for rights and obstructing inclusive climate and forest governance by making three key contributions. First, it identifies fou ... r distinct forms of climate disinformation in Thailand: one-sided reporting, where the media spotlights government and corporate initiatives while omitting their social and environmental harms, whether due to political pressure or economic incentives; greenwashing, where corporations exaggerate or misrepresent their sustainability practices to obscure their ongoing environmentally destructive activities; false climate solutions promoted as climate action which fails to address the root causes of climate change while leaving IP communities socially and economically disadvantaged; scapegoating of IPs where Indigenous communities are falsely portrayed as primary drivers of deforestation, legitimising displacement and marginalisation. Second, it demonstrates four ways in which climate disinformation harms IPs, each reinforcing the negation of their identities: exclusion from decision-making: by either barring their participation outright or dismissing their inputs in decision-making processes, IPs’ Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is removed thereby negating their identities as owners and stewards of their land; criminalisation: the strategic misuse of “climate change” laws to negate IP identity and erase the legitimacy of IPs’ traditions and practices in environmental stewardship; and the use of Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) intimidate advocates for challenging climate disinformation; forced evictions: conservation and development narratives justify deterritorialisation that severs spiritual, cultural and economic ties to ancestral lands which forms the core of IPs’ identities; intimidation and violence: harassment, threats and attacks undermining the capacity of IPs to resist projects and actions that harm them, their environment and their way of life. Third, to address climate disinformation and safeguard Indigenous Peoples’ (IPs) rights and identities in Thailand, this report outlines a list of multi-stakeholder recommendations: UN bodies should integrate climate disinformation into their human rights monitoring and climate action frameworks and provide guidance to Thailand on implementing its international obligations; the Thai government should embed safeguards against climate disinformation into national climate and environmental policies, strengthen legal protections for IPs, ensure meaningful participation of IP communities in decision-making and improve transparency and accountability in environmental governance; international NGOs (INGOs) should collaborate with IP organisations to map, document and respond to climate disinformation, provide sustained technical capacity-building and funding, and support advocacy and litigation to defend IP rights; civil society organisations (CSOs) should monitor disinformation targeting IPs, co-develop counter-narratives with IP communities and educational content to empower both IPs and the broader public and expand legal aid support; the media sector should prioritise constructive and investigative journalism on climate, environmental, and IP issues; expand coverage in Indigenous languages and culturally appropriate formats; collaborate with IP organisations on fact-checking and monitoring disinformation; and amplify Indigenous perspectives through both national and international outlets; technology companies should strengthen content moderation against climate disinformation, flag misleading project information and invest in digital literacy and connectivity initiatives for rural and Indigenous communities; indigenous communities and organisations should build monitoring networks to identify and counter disinformation, strengthen alliances with independent and Indigenous media, conduct and participate in capacity-building workshops and use digital tools to amplify their voices and safeguard knowledge." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Climate Disinformation in India: Subverting Indigenous Peoples’ Identity

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2025), viii, 55 pp.

"The report makes three key contributions: it identifies the main forms of climate disinformation in India, examines their specific impacts on indigenous peoples (IP) communities and sets out targeted policy recommendations for national and international stakeholders. First, four forms of climate di ... sinformation circulating in the media landscape in India are identified: one-sided coverage, where the media circulate disinformation by the state, by highlighting false ecological progress while omitting data on biodiversity loss, environmental impacts and displacement; promoting false climate solutions, like afforestation and green credit programmes, which are dubbed as climate action despite their harmful ecological impacts and effects on IPs; attributing environmental disasters to climate change, where state authorities deflect accountability for disasters arising from governance failures and poor infrastructure to climate change; denialism of climate change and its causes, which relies on the suppression of scientific data, promotion of anti-renewable myths and the institutional erasure of climate-linked mortality, thereby sowing doubt and enabling the deflection of accountability. Second, the report shows that the deliberate circulation of climate disinformation in the media subverts IPs’ rights and legal safeguards in favour of state and corporate interests in five critical ways: bypassing IPs’ rights to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) by deliberately spreading distorted information effectively marginalising IP voices from environmental decision-making; restricting traditional practices by promoting false state initiatives while claiming environmental legitimacy, thereby worsening climate adaptation and livelihoods; undermining IPs’ forest conservation efforts, through the reframing of unsustainable top-down conservation efforts as climate action, thus enabling the loss of biocultural diversity; forced evictions and deterritorialisation, often enabled by the misrepresentation of environmental data in judicial rulings under the guise of ecological progress; legal persecution, Intimidation and physical violence, where IPs and environmental defenders are subjected to both online harassment and militarised control in order to suppress resistance to state or corporate projects. Third, this report outlines a set of recommendations for action: United Nations (UN) bodies should conduct an audit of India's compliance with IPs’ rights, investigate how state and corporate disinformation facilitates violations and support the ratification of relevant international laws and conventions; the government should strengthen legal safeguards for IPs by providing greater technical and administrative support to effectively implement the Forest Rights Act, ensuring robust FPIC protocols in all climate and development projects; international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) should support Indigenous-led audits of government programmes, submit evidence of digital surveillance to UN bodies, and help establish rapid-response legal networks and community fact-checking hubs in IP languages; civil society organisations (CSOs) should establish a national database for eco-development displacements, offer mobile legal clinics for land rights and advocate for policies requiring IPs’ representation in environmental bodies; the media sector should expose data manipulation in official forest reports, establish Indigenous-language fact-checking and leverage public broadcasting to boost digital literacy and amplify community voices; technology companies should develop tools to detect disinformation targeting IPs, conduct transparent audits of algorithmic bias on their platforms and partner with CSOs to provide digital literacy and secure communication tools; IP communities should continue to document land-use violations using community mapping, file collective petitions to audit projects violating their rights and build alliances to establish Indigenous-owned media platforms to control narratives." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

Climate Disinformation in Pakistan: Silencing Indigenous Peoples’ Voice

Humera Qasim Khan, Waqas Naeem

Islamabad: International Media Support (IMS); Institute for Research, Advocacy and Development (IRADA); Mediastan (2025), vii, 39 pp.

"The study identifies five distinct forms of climate disinformation in Pakistan: alarmist and sensationalised content, which exaggerates climate impact to provoke fear, confusion and emotional reactions rather than informed understanding; conspiracy-driven narratives that suggest hidden agendas or e ... xternal actors manipulating climate event, undermining trust in institutions and science; denial and delay narratives where scientific consensus is rejected or inaction is promoted by downplaying risks and questioning the urgency of climate response; oversimplified or false solutions that promote misleading or ineffective fixes to distract from evidence-based mitigation and adaptation strategies; religious fatalism, which frames climate change effects as predetermined or divinely inevitable, reducing perceived human responsibility and discouraging action.hich frames climate change effects as predetermined or divinely inevitable, reducing perceived human responsibility and discouraging action. The study also confirms findings from literature about structural weaknesses within Pakistan’s news media environment, which include a lack of consistent news coverage of climate issues, limited scientific literacy among journalists, editorial incentives favouring sensationalism over accuracy and the absence of systematic fact-checking protocols. These gaps, exacerbated by platform algorithms that reward virality over veracity, create a situation where climate-related disinformation may spread unchecked. The report shows that the climate disinformation impacts IPs in five ways: first, it affects community safety and Indigenous livelihoods by creating a false sense of security or conversely unnecessary panic among IP communities that may lead to damage, displacement and poor adaptation and mitigation practices; second, disinformation related to natural disasters generates fear, uncertainty, confusion and psychological distress among vulnerable IP communities, creating emotional trauma and diminishing their self-confidence in their ability to respond to climate risks; third, climate-related disinformation erodes trust of IPs in scientific forecasts, institutional information and the official responses of state authorities, as viral disinformation messages and rumours fill the information vacuum created by the absence of clear, timely and accessible climate communication; fourth, it discourages Indigenous ecological knowledge and diminishes the credibility of local adaptation methods by painting these methods as primitive, unscientific or outdated; fifth, climate disinformation intensifies the existing exclusion, marginalisation and invisibility of IPs in climate policy frameworks and climate governance mechanisms, silencing their voices and forcibly transforming them from custodians of community resilience to subjects of pity or blame within the policy and media discourses. The study underscores that climate disinformation is not an isolated digital problem but a systemic governance challenge. It undermines trust in science and institutions, weakens public engagement and delays adaptation efforts. This crisis of information integrity demands coordinated action across sectors. The report offers the following recommendations for key stakeholders to address climate disinformation and its impact on Indigenous peoples and communities in Pakistan. UN bodies should support the government in integrating climate information integrity in national climate and digital governance frameworks and ensure Pakistan’s compliance with relevant international conventions and declarations on the rights of Indigenous Peoples. The relevant ministries of the federal and provincial governments should embed information integrity into Pakistan’s climate governance frameworks, including the National Action Plan and Nationally Determined Contributions, to ensure coordinated and accountable action on climate misinformation. iNGOs should facilitate the creation of a National Climate Fact-Checking Alliance linking journalists, researchers, media organisations and civil society for real-time verification and rapid debunking of false climate narratives. CSOs should establish community-based verification networks, conduct grassroots awareness campaigns, promote digital safety and information verification capacity building for IPs and document and amplify local climate knowledge. Media should set up climate news beats within newsrooms, ensure the presence of trained journalists for environmental reporting, institutionalise fact-checking protocols, provide training for journalists on climate science and disaster reporting and adopt ethical editorial standards for coverage of climate emergencies. Technology companies should implement algorithmic accountability measures to curb the viral spread of climate disinformation, promote verified climate information through priority ranking and contextual labels, collaborate with fact-checkers to monitor regional-language climate content for falsehoods and support rapid-response climate information alerts for Pakistan during climate-induced extreme weather events. Indigenous communities should engage in peer-led digital literacy programmes that build capacity to recognise and counter climate disinformation and collaborate with independent media to document." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Indigenizing Emerging Technologies

Cultural Survival Quarterly, volume 48, issue 1 (2024), pp. 8-25

"Addressing a rarely-examined intersection, the magazine features eight articles highlighting the use of technology in Indigenous communities. These include AI’s role in exacerbating violence and inequality, the use of AI in tracking salmon migration, Indigenous representation in video games, and ... more

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Discriminación y poder en el Perú: La estigmatización de los pueblos indígenas a través de la prensa

Vania Illarec Távara Palacios

Sevilla: Egregia (2023), 287 pp.

"El presente libro rastrea los prejuicios e intereses que se camuflan tras el lenguaje sobrio y formalmente objetivo que el diario El Comercio -publicación de bandera del grupo empresarial mediático más poderoso del Perú- usó para informar sobre el Baguazo, es decir, el conflicto social que el ... more

Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories? 2.0

Dimitria Groutsis, Lee Martin, Antoinette Lattouf, Tim Soutphommasane, Catharine Lumby, Nareen Young, Joanne Crawford, Adam Robertson

Sydney: University of Sydney Business School (2022), 54 pp.

"Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories? 2.0 examines the Indigenous and cultural diversity of Australian news and current affairs television media. Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories? 2.0 compared results from the landmark report Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories (2020) to evaluate progress, identi ... more

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Narrativa transmedia: Una mirada al conflicto armado y la memoria social indígena desde los relatos expandidos. Casos: Colombia y Perú

María Cristina Pinto Arboleda, María Isabel Zapata Cárdenas, Luis Eduardo Gómez Vallejo

Contratexto (Universidad de Lima), issue 37 (2022), pp. 259-286

"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo central el análisis de dos proyectos transmedia latinoamericanos en el marco de la no ficción, circunscritos desde el método del estudio de casos y la aplicación de elementos de la teoría del actor-red, donde las relaciones, la conformación de grupos sociales ... more

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Decolonizing Journalism: A Guide to Reporting in Indigenous Communities

Duncan McCue

Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press (2022), xviii, 268 pp.

"Duncan McCue's Decolonizing Journalism is the only text in Canada that teaches aspiring journalists how to build respectful, reciprocal relationships with Indigenous communities when researching and sharing their stories. It is a textbook adaptation of an online guide from one of Canada's leading i ... more

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Comunicación, memoria y paz

Carmen Chinas, Camilo Molina (eds.)

Quito: CIESPAL; CALAS (2022), 289 pp.

"El volumen se divide en dos grandes ejes temáticos, en el apartado “Comunicación” aborda procesos de Ecuador, Colombia y Brasil. En el caso ecuatoriano se analiza la cobertura informativa de las protestas que se realizaron en 2019 en Quito y la presencia de indígenas en las manifestaciones p ... ara reflexionar respecto al rol de los medios y evidenciar tendencias en la cobertura informativa de alinearse con un discurso oficial que suele presentar las manifestaciones sociales con un enfoque negativo; en Colombia se analizan los aportes de radios comunitarias en la transmisión de voces de paz y resistencia en el Departamento del Huila, el discurso de la prensa respecto a los actores del conflicto en los medios de comunicación y la manera en que representan a la guerrilla y grupos paramilitares y se analiza la memoria colectiva construida a través de producciones televisivas sobre el conflicto armado; desde Brasil nos encontramos un análisis de las jerarquías del espacio social construido por la narrativa periodística en el desencuentro con la alteridad y la representación de la migración construida predominantemente por el narrador sobre la condición laboral en su precariedad y supuesta amenaza. Para el apartado “Memoria y Paz” se integran trabajos sobre experiencias en cinco países: Ecuador, México, Nicaragua, Brasil y Estados Unidos. De Ecuador se revisa la percepción de violencias y cultura de paz en los jóvenes y las identidades de los jóvenes migrantes a través de sus historias de vida; de México se aborda la educación para la paz mediante la experiencia de talleres de arte con adolescentes, la violencia en la frontera Norte y procesos locales de construcción de paz en Ciudad Juárez y la justicia restaurativa en sus alcances y limitaciones con el cuestionamiento sobre sus posibilidades de aportar a procesos de paz; de Nicaragua se retoman experiencias de mujeres en la construcción de paz y memoria ante el conflicto armado; y desde Brasil se reflexiona sobre la violencia estructural con relación a la condición laboral impuesta por un un modelo económico y social excluyente, que suma desigualdades, radicaliza las tensiones sociales y que lleva a las personas a la ansiedad, estrés y depresión. De este modo,la construcción de paz a lo largo de América Latina, los procesos de memoria y la forma de comunicar las experiencias de lucha y resistencias locales son los ejes que articulan la selección de textos." (Presentación, página 12-13) more

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Medios comprometidos con la diversidad y los derechos humanos: Guía para ampliar el enfoque de diversidad y los derechos humanos en la cobertura periodística y en la estructura mediática

Indhira Suero Acosta, Edilma Prada Céspedes, Andrés Felipe Gamboa Sánchez, Marco Andrés Jaramillo Ortiz

Velocidad; SembraMedia; Centro Internacional para Periodistas (ICFJ); Luminate (2022), 64 pp.

"El objetivo es acercar debates, aprendizajes y conceptos alrededor de tres ejes: población afrodescendiente y negra, pueblos indígenas y comunidades LGBTIQ+ en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Las autoras y autores parten de una mirada situada en sus territorios, aportando historicidad sobre las lucha ... more

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The Representation of Indigenous Sámi People in Norwegian Tabloids

Tor Kjetil Kristoffersen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2022), 17 pp.

"I wanted to investigate how much coverage Norway’s most-read tabloid media – Verdens Gang and Dagbladet – gives to the affairs of Sámi parliament, politics and identity. To do so, I reviewed archives dating back 20 years, and then consulted with leading Sámi journalists and the head of Sám ... more

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Manual de buenas prácticas para la difusión mediática de contenidos relacionados con pueblos indígenas

Luis Eduardo Góngora Pinto (ed.)

Bogotá: Comisión Nacional de Comunicación de los Pueblos Indígenas (CONCIP) (2021), 34 pp.

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Manual de buenas prácticas para la difusión mediática de temas Mapuche

Paula Huenchumil Jerez, Stefanie Pacheco-Pailahual

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 83 pp.

"Este manual está dirigido a estudiantes de comunicación, periodistas en ejercicio y medios de comunicación, con el fin de que sea utilizado como una herramienta para generar contenidos responsables e informados sobre los pueblos indígenas. Pero en un sentido amplio, es también útil y adecuado ... more

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Medios indígenas: Teorías y experiencias de la comunicación indígena en América Latina
Deep Insights

Gemma Orobitg (ed.)

Madrid; Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana; Vervuert (2020), 419 pp.

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Media, Indigeneity and Nation in South Asia

Markus Schleiter, Erik de Maaker (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), xiv, 281 pp.

"How do videos, movies and documentaries dedicated to indigenous communities transform the media landscape of South Asia? Based on extensive original research, this book examines how in South Asia popular music videos, activist political clips, movies and documentaries about, by and for indigenous c ... more

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Covering Rakhine: Journalism, Conflict and Identity

Eaint Thiri Thu

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change

Lisa Brooten, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)

Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 229-238

"In this chapter I explore the challenge of gaining access, and remaining independent, in an ethnic state where you are expected to be on one side of the conflict or on the other. For decades the military junta restricted access to information and wielded a powerful propaganda strategy. This has had ... more

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Media effects: Ensaios sobre teorias da comunicação e do jornalismo. Vol. 2: Efeitos da terceira pessoa, enquadramento e teoria do cultivo

Gilson Pôrto Jr., Nelson Russo de Moraes, Daniela Barbosa de Oliveira, Leila Adriana Baptaglin (eds.)

Porto Alegre; Boa Vista: Editora Fi; Editora da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (2018), 243 pp.

"Este volume trata-se de um trabalho experimental, onde pesquisadores da pós-graduação, em diversos níveis, debruçam-se sobre questões teóricas à luz de teorias da Comunicação e do Jornalismo. No segundo volume, destacam-se as pesquisas com foco no enquadramento, nos estudos culturais, na ... more

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Elements of Indigenous Style: A Guide for Writing by and About Indigenous Peoples

Gregory Younging

Edmonton, Alberta: Brush Education (2018), xiv, 150 pp.

"Elements of Indigenous Style provides guidelines to help writers, editors, and publishers produce material that reflects indigenous people in an appropriate and respectful manner. Gregory Younging, a member of the Opaskwayak Cree Nation in Northern Manitoba, has been the managing editor of Theytus ... more

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Media effects: Ensaios sobre teorias da comunicação e do jornalismo. Vol. 5: Newsmaking, gatekeeping e teoria social

Gilson Pôrto Jr., Nelson Russo de Moraes, Daniela Barbosa de Oliveira, Vilso Junior Santi, Leila Adriana Baptaglin (eds.)

Porto Alegre; Boa Vista: Editora Fi; Editora da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (2018), 191 pp.

"Articulando pesquisas de campo e investigações mais teóricas, os oito capítulos presentes no vol. 5 dedicam-se a aprofundar conceitos que problematizam situações evidenciadas na contemporaneidade e que passam a fazer parte da agenda permanente das Teorias da Comunicação e do Jornalismo. Ent ... more

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Global Media and Local Verbal Art Representations of Northern Mali Touareg

Susan J. Rasmussen

African Studies Review, volume 60, issue 1 (2017), pp. 77-100

"This article offers a critique of widely disseminated portrayals of northern Malian Tuareg by outside media, which tend to portray all Tuareg as warriors and criminals and to project pseudo-scientific concepts of “race” onto relationships between Tuareg and other Malians, recalling the now disc ... more

Medios indígenas: Teorías y experiencias de la comunicación indígena en América Latina Deep Insights

Medios indígenas: Teorías y experiencias de la comunicación indígena en América Latina
Deep Insights