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Caught in the Middle: Central and Eastern European Journalism at a Crossroads

Ellen Hume

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 93 pp.

"Particularly as journalism transitions to new digital, mobile, and Internet formats, Central and Eastern European countries need to experiment with new business and usage models and find strong advocates for independent media. Instead, the current economic, political and social momentum is pushing ... journalists toward sensationalized and partisan tabloid content that does little to earn respect for accountability journalism or engage citizens about important issues. Some nationalistic governments are seeking to co-opt media independence in all of its forms. Some of the best independent journalists are being driven to work for quixotic websites with little audience and no money. Media ownership is a paramount issue in the region, especially in Romania, where five oligarchs hold sway, with little interest in good journalism, and in Latvia, where the one strong daily paper has been sold, after 20 good years, to a politically ambitious local businessman. A pattern has developed in the region: The international media investors such as Rupert Murdoch and Ronald Lauder, who developed the new marketplace for private media after communism fell, are selling out to local entrepreneurs who are interested in harvesting the political potential of these now-established media venues. European Union (EU) accession prompted a flurry of press freedom laws that remain on the books in most of these countries but are not workable without constant vigilance and activism. Organizations like the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, the Latvian Open Society Institute, and the Romanian Center for Independent Journalism are holding their fingers in the dike but are not getting much help from either EU or other Western media developers, who are triaging their aid, moving to the hot zones in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Africa. Public broadcasters, buffeted by political pressure and tabloid competition from private channels, are in a downward spiral, with declining audiences and budgets. Some scholars question their survival, but others hope that digitizing their channels will breathe new life into public media. On the bright side, each country studied has pluralistic media options, and continues to produce investigative journalists of fierce integrity and great skill. Gazeta Wyborcza in Poland remains a strong newspaper and website, with quality journalism and respect throughout the region, even if Polish public television has become a tabloid mess. The Czech Republic still has some effective news organizations and an independent public television news division. Unlike during Communist times, or the still frozen autocracies to the East, journalists in Central and Eastern Europe are able to stay alive and out of jail while uncovering information and publishing it to hold the powerful accountable, even if it is only on a niche website to an elite audience. Such Web-based news organizations, like Latvia’s Ir.lv, the Czech Republic’s Aktuálně.cz, and Hungary’s, www.hirszerzo.hu and oknyomozó.hu, are worth watching. Finally, it is clear that the media developers contributed a lot, and learned a lot, but moved away from Central and Eastern Europe too soon. They should consider new initiatives both regionally and nationally, to support: investigative journalism projects with genuine public importance and ethical boundaries; journalism associations that stress professionalism and counteract the political elites’ dismissal of journalism’s value; media criticism publications that hold journalists, owners, and politicians accountable to the public; media literacy training, as well as a larger curriculum that stresses the rights and obligations of citizens in a democracy." (Executive summary, pages 6-7) more

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Communicating Democracy - Democratizing Communication. Media in Turkey: Legislation, Policies, Actors

Esra Elmas, Dilek Kurban

Istanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Sosyal Etüdler Vakfi Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) (2011), 68 pp.

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Russian Mass Media and Changing Values

Kaarle Nordenstreng, Arja Rosenholm, Elena Trubina (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2011), xii, 237 pp.

"This book provides a multi-faceted picture of the many complex processes taking place in the field of contemporary Russian media and popular culture. Russian social and cultural life today is strongly individualised and consumers are offered innumerable alternatives; but at the same time options ar ... more

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Pilot Study on Vietnam’s Media Landscape Based on UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators

Nina Vennevold

[no publisher] (2011), 38 pp.

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"That's where the hope is": Eine qualitative Studie über Ausprägungen und Potenziale internationaler Medienentwicklungszusammenarbeit in Kambodscha

Tobias Zacher

Dortmund: Technische Universität Dortmund, Diplomarbeit (2010), 119 pp.

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Mozambique

Tomás Vieira Mário

Jeanette Minnie; Hendrik Bussiek (eds.)

Johannesburg: Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA); Africa Governance Monitoring and Advocacy Project (AfriMAP) (2010), xi, 145 pp.

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WorldCat (98)

Media System and News Selection in Namibia

Andreas Rothe

Berlin; Münster: Lit (2010), 219 pp.

"This publication was created to serve two purposes: Firstly, it aims to provide a thorough review of the status quo of the Namibian media system. Secondly, it is the first study to apply the theory of the European-focused news value research tradition to Namibian media. Aside from literature and on ... more

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Comunicación y democracia: El rol de los medios en la construcción del discurso político ciudadano

Diego Segovia

Asunción: BASE Investigaciones Sociales; Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung (2010), 141 pp.

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Nicht frei, aber lebendig? Massenmedien und Journalismus in Kasachstan

Birgit Brauer

Zentralasien-Analysen, issue 30 (2010), pp. 2-9

"Als in diesem Jahr der OSZE vorstehendes Land sollten für Kasachstan ganz besondere Anforderungen auch in Hinblick auf seine Pressefreiheit gelten. Die internationalen Rankings kommen allerdings zu einem äußert kritischen Urteil. Die Realität scheint komplizierter. Aus ihrer langjährigen Erfah ... more

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Communication for Empowerment: Global Report

Elizabeth McCall, Birgitte Jallov

Oslo; South Orange, New Jers.: UNDP Oslo Governance Centre; Communication for Social Change Consortium (2010), 52 pp.

"The 52-page report summarised here is the result of the three-year partnership between UNDP Oslo Governance Centre and the Communication for Social Change Consortium in piloting the C4E approach in five least-developed countries: Mozambique, Madagascar, Ghana, Lao PDR, and Nepal. The report present ... more

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WorldCat (91)

Mass Communication in India

Keval J. Kumar

Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House, 4th completely revised and updated ed. (2010), xviii, 609 pp.

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Between Freedom and Abuses: The Media Paradox in Iraqi Kurdistan

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2010), 21 pp.

"The aim of this report is to understand the paradox of media freedom in Kurdistan. It first addresses the history of Iraqi Kurdistan’s media. A better understanding of the way these outlets emerged over time is essential in order to grasp the complexity of their current challenges. Originally con ... more

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Mapping Digital Media: Research Template

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2010), 39 pp.

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Media in Balochistan: Blighted, But a Brave New World Beckons

Aurangzaib Khan

Islamabad: Intermedia (2010), 94 pp.

"Media in Balochistan - the largest of Pakistan's four province in land mass - in general and provincial capital Quetta in particular has visibly expanded since 2000 in a trend that largely reflects the shifting media landscape in the rest of Pakistan. With the doors thrown open to private ownership ... more

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Valor y símbolo: Dos siglos de industrias culturales en la Argentina

Natalia Calcagno, Gabriel D. Lerman (dir.)

Buenos Aires: Presidencia de la Nación, Secretaría de Cultura; Sistema de Información Cultural de la Argentina (SInCA) (2010), 189 pp.

"Este texto está dividido en seis capítulos que indagan, en el tiempo, los campos culturales de los diarios y revistas, los libros, los discos, las películas, la radio y la televisión. Es una obra colectiva que incluye investigaciones, estadísticas y cartografías generadas por el Sistema de In ... more

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Media Development Assessment 2010

Thimphu (BT): Ministry of Information and Communications, Department of Information and Media; UNESCO; UNDP; International Media Support (IMS) (2010), xxi, 96 pp.

"The Media Development Assessment 2010 is an evaluation of the rapidly changing media climate in Bhutan. The study, based on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) media development indicators (MDIs), is the first of its kind to be conducted in the country. Thi ... more

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Southeast Asian Media: Patterns of Production and Consumption. A Survey of National Media in 10 Countries of Southeast Asia

Jeremy Wagstaff

London: Open Society Foundation, Media Program (2010), 128 pp.

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WorldCat (88)

'Chindia' and Global Communication

Global Media and Communication, volume 6, issue 3 (2010), pp. 243-389

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Afghan Media in 2010: Synthesis Report

Eric Davin, Philibert de Mercey, Carlotta Tincati, Kinga Komorowska, Arezo Malakooti, Sébastien Duhaut

Altai Consulting; USAID (2010), 178 pp.

"In 2004-2005, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Office of Transition Initiatives commissioned Altai Consulting to conduct the first comprehensive media evaluation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, looking at the impact of the Afghan media on opinions and behav ... iors three years after the beginning of the country’s reconstruction. The evaluation found, among other things: that Afghans were avid and sophisticated media users and that cultural barriers to media use were less significant than previously expected; that the radio played a predominant role throughout the country; and that media are instrumental in social progress and education. However, since publication of that report1, Afghanistan’s media sector has seen important changes. To inform future assistance from the international community to the Afghan media, it was deemed necessary to assess the current state of the Afghan media – by reflecting a full and accurate audience profile, to determine program preferences, to measure the impact of the Afghan media on local opinions and behaviors and to gauge Afghan expectations in terms of programming and messaging. A large-scale research project was thus planned and conducted from March to August 2010. This research included a deep probe into the media sector and the public’s behaviors and expectations. The methodology used to achieved this included a combination of: literature review; direct observations; key informant interviews with most relevant actors involved in the media sector; 6,648 close-ended interviews in more than 900 towns and villages of 106 districts, covering all 34 provinces of the country; an audience survey on more than 1,500 individuals run daily for a week; about 200 qualitative, open-ended interviews; and 10 community case studies. Such an effort guarantees that results presented here are fairly representative of the Afghan population at large. This document provides a comprehensive synthesis of data collected during the survey. A database of media actors, 16 priority district reports, 10 case study reports, a complete description of the methodology and the original datasets from the main quantitative research and the audience research are publicly available, allowing anyone interested to access more focused information as needed." (Introduction, page 8) more

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Kenya: Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide

infoasaid (2010), 80 pp.