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Nepal Media Landscape

Ujjwal Acharya

Maastricht (NL): European Journalism Centre (2018), 16 pp.

"Nepal’s media landscape is characterised by two important factors. First, the high number of radio stations that are spread across the country at a local level and have a greater reach to the overall population. As media researcher Badri Paudyal noted in the 2013 article Radio Broadcasting: Acces ... s and Functioning, the overall radio service in Nepal is established as a strong, popular and credible medium of information with a large following of listeners. In 2008, in an article titled Radio and the Recent Political Changes in Nepal, media commentator Pratyoush Onta cites radio’s large coverage, citizens’ access to radio, and the plurality in terms of language of broadcast as the main reasons for the popularity of radio as a mass media. Second, the mainstream newspapers that are mostly centered in the Kathmandu Valley, a combination of three administrative districts with the capital, Kathmandu, and have greater impact at the political level. The mainstream print newspapers are the agenda setters in Nepal. The overall print circulation is low because of the difficult geographical terrain, the high recurring costs for both publishers and readers, and the adult literacy rate at only around 60 percent of the population. Newspapers are mainly sold in the Kathmandu Valley and cities, thus having a greater impact on political and policy issues. The overall readership and the number of print newspapers are rising; however, these are competing for advertisements in a small, fragile economy for their revenues; many of them are also not profitable. The annual advertising market is estimated to be approximately 40m euro. There are muted accusations that media owners continue to lose money on newspapers to gain political or economic benefits in their other interests. However, the growing number of television stations and the digital news outlets are all set to change the dynamics of the media landscape in Nepal. More than a hundred televisions channels have received licenses for operation in a country of 29 million people. Although Nepal lacks reliable data on television viewership, many believe that televisions, especially the primetime news bulletins, have a large audience, yet they only receive around 20 percent of total advertising expenditures. Most of the television stations focus on news-based programming as they are relatively cheaper and easier to produce in the studio." (Overview) more

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The Status of Media and the Role of Social Media in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Elira Turdubaeva

Bishkek: Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR) (2018), 53 pp.

"These recommendations are given to media of all four countries as they are important for the development of media in all four countries: It is necessary to create stronger communications between NGOs and the media; to foster cooperation and trust between the civil society and the media; to act as a ... more

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Albanian Media Scene Versus European Standards: Report Based on Council of Europe’s Indicators for Media in a Democracy

Albanian Media Institute (ed.)

Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2018), 79 pp.

"This report, which follows the Council of Europe’s list of “Indicators for Media in a Democracy”, intends to provide an analysis of the current media situation based on the standards upheld by this list. The aim of this report is to raise awareness on the status of affairs in the media scene ... more

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Communication Interventions Supporting Positive Civic Action in Lebanon

Dylan O'Driscoll

Brighton (UK): K4D; Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (2018), 24 pp.

"This rapid review synthesises data from academic, policy and NGO sources on the role media can play in creating/easing tensions between refugees and the host community, and within the host community itself. Acknowledging the importance media can play in perceptions, and considering the confessional ... more

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Afghanistan Media Landscape

Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar

Maastricht: European Journalism Centre (2018)

"Afghanistan media has a history of 147 years. In 1873 the first ever paper, Shamsunahar, was established. The first radio transmitter was installed in 1920. The first TV broadcast happened in Kabul in 1978. The Internet was linked and used in Afghanistan during the Taliban period after 1996, althou ... gh it was not public and was used only by Taliban leaders. According to Nai Supporting Open Media, the leading Media Advocacy NGO in Afghanistan, there are 464 operational media in the country, which has the best media law in the region and one of the tops “Access to Information” bills in the world. But, since 2001, almost 120 journalists and media workers have been killed; more than 1550 violence cases against media have been registered and, except for a few of them, no prosecution processes have been launched for the cases. In practice access to information, despite having a good law, is one of the biggest challenges regarding freedom of expression, along with security and financial sustainability. The Taliban pose a great threat to media. Out of 120 journalists and media staff that have been killed since 2001, over 55 have been killed by the Taliban. On the other side, the Government of Afghanistan is yet to start addressing the violence cases against journalists allegedly perpetrated by governmental staff, particularly security forces. The government is not as supportive as it is stated to be by law and poses pressures which are among the challenges to freedom of expression. It has been known to set barriers to a free flow of information and to find various ways to prevent broadcasting stories about its failures. Financial challenges caused almost 240 media outlets to stop their activities in the country since 2014. Tens of radio stations and almost 6 TV stations are among the media outlets that have stopped their activities mainly because of financial problems. Although there are no specific studies that analyse public trust in media, the article “Media and government in the era of democracy” published on The Daily Afghanistan magazine shows the existence of a strong public trust in the media. When people are disappointed or have their rights infringed by a governmental entity, they turn to various media to make the problem known. That explains the popularity of media programmes that review cases and court hearings." (Overview) more

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Mapping Media Development in Myanmar

Jane Madlyn McElhone et al.

Yangon: UNESCO; International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2018), viii, 49 pp.

"This mapping of the Myanmar media development sector is informed by three activities: a status update of the recommendations in the 2016 Assessment of Media Development in Myanmar report based on UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators, an online survey conducted in March and April 2018, and a seri ... more

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Médias, mondialisation et diversité culturelle: Le cas de l'Afrique subsaharienne

Caroline Pachecus

Paris: L'Harmattan (2018), 242 pp.

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Mapping Community Media Organisations in Cyprus: A Methodological Reflection

Chris Voniati, Vaia Doudaki, Nico Carpentier

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 3, issue 1 (2018), pp. 17-32

"Identifying grassroots or ‘below-the-radar’ organisations, such as community media organisations, is a challenging task that is not always supported sufficiently by methodological literature. The objective of this article is to address this challenge by proposing a structured approach to mappin ... more

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Brazil: Media from the Country of the Future

Laura Robinson, Jeremy Schulz, Apryl Williams (eds.)

Bingley: Emerald Publishing (2017), xl, 393 pp.

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Relations Between Media and Politics in Albania

Rrapo Zguri

Tiranë: Albanian Media Institute; Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2017), 59 pp.

"During the transition years, Albania saw the establishment of a relatively complete legal framework for the protection and development of media freedom and independence. However, in many cases, the legal framework was delayed or a mechanical transplant of western legislation. Enforcement of legisla ... more

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Synthesising Media, Politics and Foreign Intervention: An Examination Into Malawi’s Media System Transformation

Suzanne Temwa Harris

Hong Kong Baptist University, Doctoral Thesis (2017), vi, 202 pp.

"The conventional method for studying media systems has been to analyse the relationship between media and politics, based on Hallin and Mancini’s (2004) seminal research Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Their approach automatically places the nation-state as the key un ... more

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Challenges for Independent Media

Phnom Penh: Cambodian Center for Independent Media (CCIM) (2017), 14 pp.

"Only 11 percent of 75 surveyed journalists said Cambodian media was headed in the right direction, down from 71 percent in 2015. 83 percent said media freedom had decreased in the past year. 92 percent consider the shutdowns of independent media outlets this year to have been political. 38 percent ... more

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Ethiopia Media Mapping

Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2017), 16 pp.

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Médias au Sénégal: Entre mutations et contraintes

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS); Centre d'Etudes des Sciences et Techniques de l'Information (CESTI) (2017), 290 pp.

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Pluralism Under Attack: The Assault on Press Freedom in Poland

Annabelle Chapman

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2017), 20 pp.

"Poland has become a crucial battleground in the drive by authoritarian-minded leaders to gain control over political discourse and limit media pluralism. The Law and Justice government has sought to control the media as part of a broader push to weaken checks and balances and silence independent vo ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2017: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2017), xx, 290 pp.

"While a few much-needed improvements can be reported for the 2017 Europe & Eurasia Media Sustainability Index (MSI), overall there are signs of continued and worsening challenges facing those who wish to create and support a vibrant information system in the 21 countries studied in this volume [... ... more

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Etude sur le développement des médias à Madagascar basée sur les indicateurs de développement des médias de l'UNESCO

Raharinirina Rabaovololona

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 137 pp.

"Cette étude présente une évaluation du développement des médias à Madagascar dans un contexte de retour au fonctionnement démocratique des institutions suite à la crise politique des années 2009-2013 qui s’est traduite par une forte instabilité politique et un marasme économique. Elle ... more

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Médias et diversité au Proche-Orient: Etude de la couverture médiatique de la diversité dans les médias libanais, syrienes et irakiens

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation; Fondation Adyan; CFI (2017), 46 pp.

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China's Media in the Emerging World Order
Deep Insights

Hugo de Burgh

Buckingham: University of Buckingham Press (2017), 259 pp.

"China is challenging the mighty behemoths, Google and Facebook, and creating alternative New Media. 750 million people are active on its Social Mediascape and there are a billion mobile phones deploying the innovative apps with which the Chinese conduct their lives. Though late starters, already fo ... more

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Strengthening Kenyan Media: Exploring a Path Towards Journalism in the Public Interest

Asch Harwood, Emily Herrick, Wilson Ugangu

Omidyar Network (2017), 33 pp.

China's Media in the Emerging World Order Deep Insights

China's Media in the Emerging World Order
Deep Insights