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Mapping Digital Media: Brazil

Pedro Mizukami, Jhessica Reia, Joana Varon

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 134 pp.

"Digitization has had profound effects in Brazil. In journalism, information flows faster than ever, and from a greater number of sources; journalists have to adapt to an environment that demands immediate coverage of events, sometimes privileging speed over content. The internet has become the seco ... more

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Regional State of Media and Communication Report

Jo Tacchi, Heather A. Horst, Evangelia Papoutsaki, Verena Thomas, Joys Eggins et al.

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); ABC International Development (2013), 65 pp.

"The research for this report was developed and undertaken between June 2012 and April 2013 across 14 Pacific Island nations: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Nauru, Niue, Republic of Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon I ... more

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Media Mapping Briefing Note

African Union (2013), 60 pp.

"The objective of this IST Briefing Note issue is to provide an up to date list of Somali media outlets. The aim of this paper is to help relevant actors understand the landscape of Somali media and use this information in order to guide their engagement and approach with Somali media outlets. Based ... more

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Étude sur le développement des médias au Gabon: Basée sur les indicateurs de développement des médias de l’UNESCO

Laurent Charles Boyomo Assala, Emmanuel Mbede

Paris: UNESCO (2013), 97 pp.

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Tuvalu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Constitution protects freedom of expression, but there are no explicit references to freedom of media. Freedom of media was specifically included in the Tuvalu Media Corporation Act of 1993, but since being de-corporatised in 2008, the Tuvalu Media Department is no longe ... more

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Asian Media Barometer: India 2013

Berlin; New Delhi: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 88 pp.

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The Business of Media in Myanmar

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC, Arcata, Calif.: Internews (2013), 22 pp.

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India’s Media Boom: The Good News and the Bad

James Painter (ed.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2013), xv, 86 pp.

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Die Rolle der Medien im Demokratisierungsprozess Kenias

Doris Anna Binger

Berlin; Münster: Lit (2013), 332 pp.

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Audit des médias par les médias: Rapport final - version definitive

Willy Nindorera, Sylvie Capitant, Tharcisse Ndarugirire

Bujumbura; Paris: Association Burundaise des Radiodiffuseurs (ABR); Université Paris, Institut d’étude du développement économique et social (IEDES) (2013), 168 pp.

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Tonga: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Freedom of the Press is guaranteed in Clause 7 of the constitution. Amendments to the constitution in 2003 enabled the government to restrict media freedom. The Communication Act 2000 allows the government to restrict or prohibit content or particular types of content, and r ... egulates the ways in which Tongan culture and identity are represented in the media. The Newspaper Act and Media Operators Act 2003 licenses newspapers as well as broadcasters, and includes a restriction on the importation and sale of foreign media. Media Systems: Technicians typically rely on bilateral assistance programs for donated (but usually old) equipment. Technicians purchase equipment online from companies primarily based in New Zealand. Engineers are keen to work together to pool resources and training from abroad. Tongan technicians are sent overseas for up-skilling, and special trainers are occasionally brought in from overseas; they also maintain their own relationships and seek advice from other technicians overseas. The National Plan for Emergency Information was formulated in 2007 and is undergoing revision. The National Emergency Management Office works with the Red Cross for disaster preparedness. Digicel works closely with the Disaster Management Committee to broadcast information immediately via mobile (SMS) and television; Radio Tonga is also a significant player. In the most recent events where early warning messages were delayed, TBC did not relay them for almost 25 minutes, and people were already on their way to work and school. Capacity Building: The Tonga Institute of Higher Education has Certificate and Diploma courses in journalism; all of the students in 2011 were women. TVET training is perceived as inadequate, with students who have undertaken media internships lacking practical or technical skills. TBC is currently the only active member of PINA in Tonga, and PasiMA has emerged as a player for members of private media. Local politics and competition between different individuals and organisations play a significant role in the success or failure of media associations and organisations in Tonga. Content: The balance and quality of international content as compared with locally produced content represents a key concern for members of the media industry. Tonga has a formal communications plan as part of the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change program (PACC) which focuses on delivery of climate change messages. Many of the messages about climate change need to be simplified, made relevant or translated into Tongan language and concepts. Media experts go to Tonga Family Health or the Government Centre for Women & Children - Ma’a Fafine mo e Famili - for information about NCDs. Tonga Health Promotion Foundation does not undertake any media training and has had little training on how to engage with the media or how media campaigns should work. Telecommunication companies (e.g., Broadcom and Digicel) have been particularly active in NCD awareness activities." (Summary of findings) more

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Asian Media Barometer: South Korea 2013

Berlin; Seoul: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 96 pp.

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Federated States of Micronesia: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Communications legislation is broadly based on a US model. States are responsible for media legislation and regulation, resulting in uneven development in this area. Freedom of speech is guaranteed in the constitution, and freedom of media has not been challenged in recent y ... ears. Telecommunications is regulated nationally; FSM Telecommunications Corporation is the only telecommunications provider. Media Systems: There is a shortage of technicians in Pohnpei. Technicians in Pohnpei, at the different companies, generally support one another, both formally (for a fee) and informally. Technical support is available through US-based companies. The Disaster Preparedness Plan has recently been reviewed; the key stakeholders had not yet been briefed on their roles and responsibilities. There is no local awareness of an emergency communications or broadcasting plan. The national government has recently installed new sirens in Pohnpei; similar systems are planned for the rest of the states. Capacity Building: There are reports of at least two new media associations being launched in Micronesia with strong links to FSM, though interviewees did not report being part of those groups and regional travel was raised as an issue; one local Catholic media production organisation is supported by a regional Catholic media association. The College of Micronesia’s media program has been discontinued due to staff shortages, raising an issue of the sustainability of initiatives that rely on individuals. As well as a shortage of employment options for media and journalism students, there are social and cultural issues with young people trained in journalism questioning elders, resulting in the limiting of career options. Media and communications practitioners report using the internet to teach themselves new skills. Lack of targeted training invitations can result in valuable training opportunities being missed by the most appropriate people within organisations. Content: NGO, church and government groups are active content producers on a range of themes. Radio staff are seen as not having the capacity to clearly communicate climate change issues. There is a lack of connection between media and climate change organisations. Currently, NCD communication and awareness activities are not coordinated; there are plans to better coordinate the different stakeholders." (Summary of findings) more

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Vanuatu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The government broadcaster VBTC administers broadcast licences in Vanuatu. Under the Newspaper Act 1982, newspaper owners must be Vanuatu citizens. Freedom of expression is guaranteed in the constitution, but there is no specific protection for freedom of media, and threats ... more

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Mapping Digital Media: Bulgaria

Vesislava Antonova, Andrian Georgiev

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 92 pp.

"After a significant delay, the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting in Bulgaria is scheduled to be finished in 2013. While cable television appears to have peaked since 2007, satellite television continues to increase its penetration, more often through bundled services. On the other hand ... more

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Marshall Islands: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Ministry of Transportation and Communication is responsible for registering broadcasting stations. Freedom of speech and the press are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. There is no media self-regulating body, and no media association. There is no FOI legislation. Telecom ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2013: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xx, 317 pp.

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South Africa’s Media 20 Years After Apartheid

Libby Lloyd

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2013), 54 pp.

"South Africa’s news media has become, in the post-1994 democratic era, among the most concentrated in the world, affecting the quality of its content and the sales of its newspapers. A significant decrease in international development support, and post-1994 changes to the nature of that support, ... more

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Fiji: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Since the introduction of the government’s Media Decree in 2012, the Fiji Media Industry Development Authority censors and controls the media industry. The constitution guaranteeing freedom of the press has been suspended since 2009. Threats against local and international ... journalists and editors have been common since the military takeover. Some sections of the Fiji Media Council Code of Ethics are included in the Media Decree but others are left out. Regular amendments create a tense atmosphere in the Fijian media industry. Fiji government representatives nevertheless argue that the various decrees, which were put in place, have empowered the general population by giving them greater voice and improved their access to information. Media Systems: Fiji has had a National Disaster Management Plan since 1995. Radio Fiji and FM96 are used to communicate emergency warnings during natural disasters. The Early Warning System also includes SMS messages, warning sirens, cars with speakers, and word of mouth. Fiji has agreements with telecommunications companies to provide emergency calls for free. During 2011 floods, social network sites were used by people to access information. Most technicians have no formal training and there is no institution in Fiji offering broadcast technicians training. Technicians with formal training may have qualifications in related fields from Fiji National University. There is no formal network of technicians in Fiji. Informal networks and internet forums are used to seek advice and information. FemLINKpacific trains women in content production using radio, video and mobile suitcase transmitters. Capacity Building: Several education and training initiatives are available in the area of media and communications in Fiji; the main institutions are USP and FNU. Fiji is an education hub for the region. Journalists also receive on the job training, and access training and workshops offered by SPC and UN agencies. Recent training has focused on media law training in relation to the new regulations and amendments. FNU offers vocational courses in journalism, media production, and technical skills, and film production. FNU’s completion rate is 80 per cent. Graduate outcomes are recorded. Many graduates choose to work in the NGO sector. FNU is challenged by a shortage of teachers. There is no media association in Fiji. The Fiji Media Council closed following the changes in legislation in 2009 and 2010. Content: Climate change is a national priority. USP is playing a leading role in using participatory approaches to climate change communication. There is a lack of awareness of the impacts of climate change in the general community. There is a reported ‘jargon gap’; bridging this gap is seen as important. There is no targeted training around NCDs for journalists. Climate change communication occurs across many media outlets including radio, TV, Several communication initiatives on the topic of NCDs have been broadcast in Fiji, including radio campaigns and TV documentaries. These are in conjunction with inter-personal communication methods." (Summary of findings) more

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Citizen Access to Information in Vanuatu

Aibek Iliasov, Klara Debeljak

InterMedia; ABC International Development (2013), 62 pp.

"This report has eight core sections. In the first three sections we outline the overall purpose of the study, the methodological approach and the overarching insights that emerged from the study. This is followed by a section on key citizen information needs and sources. The fifth section discusses ... more