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Reinventing Humanitarian Aid Procurement for the Age of AI

Giulio Coppi

Access Now (2026), 59 pp.

"Our research reveals that the organisational use of AI and algorithmic systems often happens through a process of unstructured integration rather than formal adoption. More precisely, cloud-based, algorithmic-enhanced functionalities and processes are making their way into humanitarian entitiesʼ t ... ech stack through updates and add-ons to preexisting products, slowly but inexorably seeping into most internal systems. A price-based procurement process designed around the static idea of digital asset purchase is inadequate to ensure adequate protection from hyperdynamic tech product development. This is especially evident looking at the growing power imbalances between private actors and nonprofits, and among nonprofits themselves. Digital technology is often heralded as key to democratise and equalise the playing field between humanitarian actors, by finally unlocking local actorsʼ access to resources traditionally reserved for international entities. But emerging trends seem to disprove such claims. The lack of adequate legal frameworks and safeguards, lagging investments in humanitarian funding for information and communication technology (ICT) resources and connectivity, and inadequate dedicated funding for digital programmes are thwarting these opportunities. More broadly, virtuous and responsible procurement practices are proving inadequate for protecting human rights alone, as tech companiesʼ commitments to human rights are replaced by defence-oriented pitches and the size of their human rights teams keeps shrinking. Preexisting digital divides are enhanced by several deep and subtle changes in traditional tech business models, resulting from the gradual cloudification of most common digital systems and the fast-paced, distributed nature of modern digital development. Even more worryingly, we are seeing new forms of digital divide well beyond the traditional gaps in digital capacity between local and small non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) or UN entities. Cloud-based companiesʼ takeover of generic coordination platforms creates a constantly broadening chasm between the few organisations that are digitally mature, those who are barely retrofitting their processes to fit the new reality, and the broad majority forced to access the promised land of digital humanitarianism through the predatory gates of algorithmic and cloud servicesʼ free tech licensing. Our findings highlight how organisation-led digital development, building on open-source systems (despite some “openwashing” practices) and trusted external providers, remains the best option for risk reduction when it comes to algorithmic systems. However, in the short to medium term, this might not be financially and technically feasible for the majority of humanitarian actors, especially considering the catastrophic funding environment. To fill this gap, we propose a toolkit in an appendix to this report. This is a foundational governance model for transforming digital procurement from a transactional into a strategic business function, integrated across key organisational departments. By doing so, protection-mandated aid groups could move from running purchase-centred processes, to adopting a dynamic, proactive, and rights-based approach to tech management. This report also contains a set of recommendations for states and donors, the humanitarian community, tech companies, local aid actors and communities, research centres, and cyber experts." (Executive summary, pages 2-3) more

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Technocolonialism: When Technology for Good is Harmful

Mirca Madianou

Cambridge: Polity Press (2025), vii, 248 pp.

"With over 300 million people in need of humanitarian assistance and with emergencies and climate disasters becoming ever more common, AI and big data are being championed as a force for good and as a solution to the complex challenges of the aid sector. This book argues, on the contrary, that digit ... more

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US Aid Frozen: A Real Humanitarian Crisis And Lives Will Be Lost

Thomas Byrnes

ICTworks (2025)

"The United States has long held the position of the world’s single largest donor to humanitarian aid, a fact clearly illustrated by data from the UN’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS). In 2024, the US contributed a staggering $13.80 billion to humanitarian efforts globally, representing 43.04% ... more

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Effects of Fundraising Alliances on Charitable Donations

Robert J. Fisher, Oliver Rutz

Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing (2025), 20 pp.

"Fundraising Alliances (FAs) are independent organizations that fundraise for two or more charities under a separate brand. High-profile examples of FAs include the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) in the United Kingdom and the Humanitarian Coalition (HCC) in Canada. FAs are designed to reduce pr ... more

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The World’s Most Neglected Displacement Crises 2024
Deep Insights

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) (2025), 31 pp.

"To reflect the neglect faced by both displaced people and their host countries, NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council) revised the report’s methodology this year to include refugee-hosting nations experiencing severe crises of their own. As a result, Iran, home to more than six million refugees, and Uga ... more

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Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action
Key Guides

Massimo Marelli (eds.)

Cambridge et al.: Cambrigde University Press; International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 3rd ed. (2024), xxvii, 351 pp.

"This handbook is a foundational text which offers a comprehensive, accessible analysis of personal data protection law, and its significance to humanitarian organizations. Bringing together years of research on personal data protection principles, it outlines how humanitarian organizations can use ... more

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Introducing Anticipatory Action: A Feasibility Study for Malteser International

Marie Wagner, Alexander Gaus, Julia Steets

Berlin: Global Public Policy Institute (GPPI); Malteser International (2024), 36 pp.

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The World’s Most Neglected Displacement Crises 2023

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) (2024), 19 pp.

"All crises featured in this year’s report are protracted and have been affecting the lives of communities for years, sometimes even decades. The calamity in Sudan is a stark warning of what happens when neglect deepens and the world turns its back on a crisis. In 2023 Sudan plunged into devastati ... ng warfare, forcing over 10 million people to flee their homes and making Sudan the world’s largest internal displacement crisis. Despite the severity of the situation, the looming threat of famine and the immense needs, the country remains on this list, and the people of Sudan remain neglected. This year’s list represents a race to the bottom, with Burkina Faso maintaining its position as the world’s most neglected displacement crisis for the second year running. The country saw a record-breaking 707,000 new displacements and hundreds of thousands of people cut off from aid. Media coverage fell as access became more difficult for both journalists and humanitarian organisations. Meanwhile, the situation in the country worsened and needs rose at a rapid pace. Across the world, there was a record-breaking USD 32 billion shortfall in aid budgets, leaving 57 per cent of humanitarian needs unmet in 2023. The human cost of the growing funding gap is high, and it is life-shattering for millions across the world. Neglect has become so ingrained and normalised that the reality of this gap no longer elicits shock. In many of the countries on this list, the gap translates into people not having enough to eat, families fleeing over and over again in search of safety and resources, children unable to access education, and individuals losing their means of earning an income. The funding gap means humanitarian organisations struggling to reach those most in need, selective allocation of aid, and compounding crises. It means that when severe climate disasters hit, people will not be prepared to withstand potentially disastrous consequences. Neglect is also fuelling rising hunger levels across all countries on our 2023 list. Each country is now experiencing, or is predicted to experience, severe levels of hunger. Food insecurity is in turn compounded by cuts or suspension of humanitarian and development funding. Most of the countries are dealing with the effects of conflict both within and outside their borders. War in Sudan spills over into poverty-stricken Chad and South Sudan, while Cameroon grapples with mounting internal pressure amid a broader regional conflict. Protracted neglect has consequences that cross borders and create crises within crises. Society finds itself in a state of crisis fatigue. Travesty after travesty is splashed across news screens but distressing images no longer retain their shock value, and the page is simply swiped, flipped, or clicked away. Amidst this worrying desensitisation and the acceptance of record-breaking statistics from the world’s neglected displacement crises as the new normal, lies the danger of complacency. We must not give up hope and allow ourselves to become numbed by the ceaseless barrage of crises. We need a reboot of global compassion and a refocus on where needs are greatest." (Page 4) more

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Natural Language Processing for Humanitarian Action: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Path Toward Humanitarian NLP

Roberta Rocca, Nicolo Tamagnone, Selim Fekih, Ximena Contla, Navid Rekabsaz

Frontiers in Big Data, volume 6 (2023), 14 pp.

"Natural language processing (NLP) is a rapidly evolving field at the intersection of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence, which is concerned with developing methods to process and generate language at scale. Modern NLP tools have the potential to support humanitarian action a ... more

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Review of the OECD DAC criteria for evaluating humanitarian action: A mapping of literature, guidance and practice

Jo-Hannah Lavey, Christina Northey, David Poulton et al.

London: ALNAPODI (2023), 108 pp.

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Call for Communication, Collaboration, and Cash: Perceptions of Aid in Ukraine

Ground Truth Solutions (2023), 32 pp.

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Understanding the Role of Narratives in Humanitarian Policy Change

Patrick Saez, John Bryant

Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG) (2023), 36 pp.

"Narratives and frames have greater influence on policy change than facts and figures. They have a critical role to play in leveraging political will for transforming the humanitarian system. Humanitarian organisations have greater power to shape narratives than they are willing to admit. The consta ... more

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Needles in a Haystack: An Analysis of Global South Roles in Humanitarian Knowledge Production

Campbell Aitken (ed.)

Humanitarian Advisory Group (2022), 25 pp.

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Migrating Through the Web: Interactive Practices About Migration, Flight and Exile

Nicole Braida

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2022), 260 pp.

"How to study a media object on the web that is at the same time a documentary, a reportage, and a game which combines both fiction and non-fiction elements? Nicole Braida digs into the discursive and material structures and infrastructures of serious games, text-adventures, newsgames, interactive m ... more

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O Auxílio Emergencial no Brasil: Desafios na implementação de uma política de proteção social datificada

Clarice Tavares, Juliana Fonteles, Mariana Bárbara: Valente Simão

Derechos Digitales (2022), 41 pp.

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From Digital Promise to Frontline Practice: New and Emerging Technologies in Humanitarian Action

Leonie Arendt-Cassetta

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (2021), 65 pp.

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Data Responsibility Toolkit: A Guide for Cash and Voucher Practitioners

Linda Raftree, Anna Kondakhchyan

Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) (2021), 45 pp.

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The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response

Geneva: Sphere Association, 4th ed. (2018), x, 406 pp.

"The Sphere Handbook is marking its 20th anniversary with the publication of this fourth edition. It is the result of an intense year-long mobilisation of humanitarian actors around the globe and reflects two decades of experience using the standards in front-line operations, policy development and ... more

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Data collection and social media: Innovation or challenge for humanitarian aid? Event report

Brussels: VOICE (2017), 7 pp.

"On 15 May 2017, as a precursor to the annual General Assembly, VOICE hosted an event entitled “Data collection and social media - innovation or challenge for humanitarian aid?”. The event brought together VOICE members, leading practitioners, and academics. The three panellists were Massimo Mar ... more

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Security risk management: A basic guide for smaller NGOs

Shaun Bickley, Lisa Reilly, Adelicia (ed.) Fairbanks

European Interagency Security Forum (EISF) (2017), 80 pp.

The World’s Most Neglected Displacement Crises 2024 Deep Insights

Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action Key Guides

The World’s Most Neglected Displacement Crises 2024
Deep Insights

Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action
Key Guides