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Media Viability in East Africa: Tanzania

George Gathigi, Ann Hollifield (eds.)

Aga Khan University; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), vii, 33 pp.

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Google Scholar (46)

WorldCat (52)

Journalism Research That Matters

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Nikki Usher (eds.)

New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press (2021), 258 pp.

"Despite the looming crisis in journalism, scholarly research on the topic is often disconnected from the research that the news industry and journalists need and want, but do not have the time or expertise to do. This book provides valuable insights for journalists and scholars about news business ... more

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Leadership or Stagnation: The Future of Media Viability in Bangladesh

Ross Settles, Tanim Ahmed

Dhaka: Management and Resources Development Initiative (MRDI); Fojo Media Institute (2021), 38 pp.

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Financial Transparency of Media 2020

Mariam Pataridze, Ani Kistauri

Media Development Foundation (MDF) (2021), 40 pp.

"The following report on the financial transparency of media represents data of 2020. In order to illustrate the extent to which budgetary funding influences the editorial policy of the media or to observe the types of editorial policies the concerned media outlets pursue, it also discusses some exa ... more

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Media Viability in East Africa: Kenya

George Gathigi, Ann Hollifield

Aga Khan University; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), vii, 30 pp.

External Link (71)

World Press Trends 2020-2021

World Association of News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) (2021), 97 slides

"Despite the impact of the pandemic, it’s worth noting that the news media industry is a US$ 112.4 billion business, according to our analysis. But, of course, we cannot come up with any original superlatives (and won’t) to characterise the effects of the pandemic on our business (some bad, some ... more

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The Business Environment for News Media in Zimbabwe

Michelle Foster, Jason Lambert

Internews (2021), 22 pp.

"There is a growing market for factual, independent, reliable, and affordable news delivered in diverse languages in southern Zimbabwe. The local revenue sources to fund those efforts are not apparent. In an area of deep poverty, which has only been amplified by natural disasters and pandemic, large ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Georgia

Giorgi Jangiani

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 86 pp.

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Sustainability of Professional Journalism in the Media Business Environment of the Western Balkans

Sanela Hodžic, Brankica Petkovic

European Union; TACSO 3 project; GDSI (2020), 54 pp.

"Independent media outlets in the Western Balkans are facing major challenges to their financial sustainability. With the exception of some of the largest broadcasters with national coverage and the most visited online media, the majority of media outlets across the region are not sustainable busine ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Slovakia

Marius Dragomir

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS), 2nd, updated ed. (2020), 110 pp.

"Seemingly, Slovaks have access to a wealth of news sources. In reality, though, the market is concentrated in the hands of a few large players. Powerful financial groups such as Penta Investments and J&T, and a handful of magnates including Ivan Kmotrik and Andrej Babis (who is also Czech Republic� ... ��s prime minister) exert decisive influence in the ownership of most major media companies. They are also close to politicians (if they are not themselves one), which means big leverage in regulatory affairs. The entry on the Slovak market of PPF, a Czech financial group led by another wealthy oligarch, Petr Kellner, which bought Markiza TV in 2019, is further cementing the oligarchic control in the country’s media. The Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic known as PMU is much responsible for the shape of the Slovak media market. It has been the PMU that approved a spate of merger cases allowing the expansion of some media owners. Decisions by the PMU in 2015-2016 allowed Penta Investments to take over several major publishers. It was one of these deals that prompted journalists from the daily Sme (acquired by Penta) to leave and set up DennikN. Civil society exerts little influence. International groups are not effective either. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), a Vienna-based intergovernmental group, has some political leverage, but that does not materialize in any earth-shattering policy changes or palpable improvements for journalists. For example, in early March 2018, Harlem Desir, the head of media at OSCE, called on Slovak authorities in a meeting in Bratislava to investigate the killing by unknown assaulters in February 2018 of the Slovak investigative journalist Jan Kuciak. Instead, two months later, Slovak police began to harass Pavla Holcova, a Slovak journalist who was trying to help with the police investigation. It was only after massive pressures from citizens and journalism groups from abroad that four people were finally charged in October 2019 over Kuciak’s killing. Besides regulation, tightly controlled by authorities and highly politicized, the government plays also a direct role in the Slovak media market. Funding from license fees collected from all Slovak households and state budget makes the public broadcaster RTVS the largest player in the country’s media with a budget in excess of €115m. That is not necessarily bad. For some years, the Slovak public got its money’s worth. The station earned a feather in its cap for improved programming." (Key findings, pages 6-7) more

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Media Influence Matrix: India. Funding Journalism

Vibodh Parthasarathi, Simran Agarwal

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 40 pp.

"The largest players in terms of funding spent in the media are commercial advertisers. In 2018 advertising contributed €7.8bn to the media funding in India, an annual growth rate of 11.5%. Advertising makes the largest cut in the operating revenues of the news media. Subscription revenue does not ... bring in enough. The biggest advertising sectors across all news mediums include fast moving consumer groups (FMCG), services, automobiles, and banking and finance. Top advertisers include both domestic and international players such as Hindustan Unilever, Reckitt Benckiser, Amazon Online, Paytm, and Maruti Suzuki. In 2016-17, the advertising sector experienced a slump due to the implementation of the currency demonetization policy. However, multiple sports events, national elections in May 2019, and a significant contribution from political advertisements, from both regional and national political parties, boosted the sector’s revenue in 2017-18. Two large investors in the Indian news media include Mukesh Ambani and Subhash Chandra. Media is not their primary business. They run Reliance Group and Essel Group of industries, respectively, which are spread across a myriad of industries including petroleum, refineries, telecom, chemicals, textiles, packaging, oil and gas, precious metals, retail, infrastructure, digital services, to name just a few. Ambani ventured into broadcasting in 2011 when he took complete control over the Eenadu TV (ETV) network, broadcasting in numerous regional languages. In 2014, the Reliance group gained control of one of India’s largest news and entertainment television networks, Network 18. This included taking over of Network 18 Media and Investments Ltd and its subsidiaries TV 18 and Viacom 18 (a joint venture between TV 18 and ViacomCBS in India) in a €513mn deal. In 2016, he also started what has become one of India’s three largest mobile operators, Reliance Jio. Such vertical expansion was furthered in 2019 when he entered the television distribution segment by acquiring a majority stake in two of the three largest cable companies in India, DEN Networks and Hathway for €661m. Chandra, an MP, owns the Essel Group which runs one of India’s oldest and largest television networks with 14 news channels across eight language markets, operated by the Zee Media Corporation Limited, besides 35 entertainment channels across 19 languages, operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises Limited. This conglomerate is also vertically integrated through its subsidiaries in Direct-to-Home (DTH) and Cable distribution, Dish TV India Limited and Siti Networks Limited respectively, and horizontally integrated through its subsidiaries in print and film production, Diligent Media Corporation Ltd and Zee Studios, respectively. Politicians and their affiliates are major players in the regional news media. The Sun Group in the state of Tamil Nadu is owned by Kalanithi Maran, nephew of former chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi, and brother of current MP Dayanidhi Maran. The Sun conglomerate owns 33 television channels across six languages, 67 FM radio stations, three daily newspapers and numerous other publications. Also, vertically integrated, it owns Sun Direct, one of the largest DTH operators, and Sumangali Cable Vision, a prominent regional cable network. Similarly, in the state of Orissa, the Panda Family runs the Odisha Television Limited, cable networks through Ortel, and digital news assets. Baijayant Panda is a former MP, currently a member of the ruling party, Bharatiya Janata Party." (Executive summary, pages 4-5) more

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The Evolving Indian Media Market: Succeeding Through Localisation

Chanpreet Arora

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 44 pp.

"India, with about 1.3 billion people, has a teledensity of 91% with 1.7 billion mobile connections and 700 million unique subscribers. There are 525 million internet users led by mobile internet. Mobile, therefore, is now the primary screen in India. It is disrupting media consumption patterns as i ... more

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Manual de planificación de medios: Todo lo que hay que saber para planificar correctamente los medios

María Angeles Gonzalez Lobo, Enrique Carrero López, Gerardo Mariñas González

Madrid: ESIC Editorial, 6th ed. (2018), 622 pp.

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The Business Environment for News Media in Myanmar: 2018

Michelle Foster

Newsgain; Internews (2018), 27 pp.

"Until the state and its aligned media operate in a fair and competitive media market, there will be little space for independent news media to survive, much less make the investments needed to innovate and survive in this raucous, frontier environment. Myanmar has a much smaller overall advertising ... more

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Paying the Piper: The Sustainability of the News Industry and Journalism in South Africa in a Time of Digital Transformation and Political Uncertainty

Rhodes University, School of Journalism and Media Studies (2018), 108 pp.

"This report explores the recent trajectory of South African news with a specific focus on the economic sustainability of news media. Digital news consumption on mobile phone, and especially via Social Media on Smart Phones (SMSP) is fracturing audiences and reducing traditional sources of revenue. ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Serbia

Reporters Without Borders (2017), 549 pp.

"The state has been for year the biggest advertiser in the country. Public money has been spent through its Ministries, institutions, republic agencies, bodies, local self-governments etc on different advertising and sponsorship contracts. The total value of state advertising still remains unknown d ... more

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Country Reports 2017

Celia Collins (ed.)

Pan African Media Research Organization (PAMRO) (2017), 258 pp.

External Link (51)

Google Scholar (48)

WorldCat (43)

The death of B92: How it survived Milosevic’s authoritarianism but didn’t survive democracy

Dragan Stavljanin, Rade Veljanovski

International Journal of Digital Television, volume 8, issue 2 (2017), pp. 261-276

"This article examines how broadcaster B92, once the top-billed independent media in Serbia that resisted Milosevic’s authoritarianism, could not survive democracy. Although it withstood the crackdown and censorship of the war regime, it was eventually sunk by what could be considered ‘market ce ... more

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Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania
Deep Insights

Price Waterhouse Coopers (pwc), 8th. annual ed. (2017), 161 pp.

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Country Reports 2016

Celia Collins (ed.)

Pan African Media Research Organization (PAMRO) (2017), 253 pp.

Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania Deep Insights

Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania
Deep Insights