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The Indian Media Business: Pandemic and After

Vanita Kohli-Khandekar

New Delhi et al.: Sage India, 5th ed. (2021), xxiii, 297 pp.

"The fifth edition [...] cuts across print, TV, film, music, radio and digital media. In the process, the book takes you through the current trends, history, business dynamics and regulation in media, and provides a glimpse into the future of each of these segments." (Back cover)

External Link (144)

Les espaces des (im)possibles: Les médias en Afrique du Nord depuis les années 1990

Bachir Benaziz, Abdelfettah Benchenna, Dominique Marchetti (eds.)

Centre Jacques-Berque (2021), 239 pp.

"De façon paradoxale, l’étude du journalisme et des médias occupe une place très réduite dans les recherches en sciences sociales et humaines sur l’Afrique du Nord, alors même que les espaces médiatiques dans cette région connaissent depuis les décennies 1990 et 2000 des transformations ... more

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Decent Work in Pakistani Media: An Assessment of Labour Laws & the Impacts for Media Workers

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 27 pp.

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Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania, Montenegro, Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia & Turkey in the Year 2020

Konrad Bleyer-Simon, Elda Brogi, Roberta Carlini, Iva Nenadic, Marie Palmer, Pier Luigi Parcu, Sofia Verza, Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha, Mária Žuffová

European University Institute; Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) (2021), 167 pp.

"[...] The MPM2021 covers, on this occasion, 32 countries, 27 EU and 5 non-EU (Candidate countries) [...] The results of the MPM2021 show an increase in the risk level for all the areas that the Media Pluralism Monitor analyses: Fundamental protection, Market Plurality, Political Independence and So ... more

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Global Toolkit for Judicial Actors: International Legal Standards on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Jornalists

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 210 pp.

"This toolkit on international standards for freedom of expression builds on these efforts, aiming to give a global scope to this endeavour. By reinforcing the knowledge and capacities of the judiciary, the toolkit effectively contributes to the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety ... more

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A Way Forward: Pacific Media Consultation Report 2021. Building the Capacity of Media Associations to Assess Regulatory Environments and Strengthen Professional Journalism in the Pacific

Kate Bice

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2021), 8 pp.

Google Scholar (180)

WorldCat (195)

Médias audiovisuels et tolérance administrative au Cameroun: Enjeux communicationnels et logiques d’acteurs

Simon Ngongo

Paris: L'Harmattan (2021), 199 pp.

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African Media Barometer: South Africa 2021

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 54 pp.

"Since its adoption on 1 July 2020, the Protection of Personal Information Act has bolstered freedom of expression and the right to privacy. This legislation aims to protect citizens’ personal information and balance the right to privacy with other rights, such as access to information. In Februar ... more

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Teaching Media Policy in Africa: A Handbook for Educators
Key Guides

Sandra Roberts, Albert Van Houten

Windhoek: Namibia Media Trust (2021), 149 pp.

"This handbook enables media educators throughout Africa to raise awareness and impact the media ecology on a national and regional basis. National, regional and international media environments are crucial for the attainment of the sustainable development and the protection of human rights. This is ... more

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A Gathering Storm: The Laws Being Used to Silence the Media. A Review of How Laws Are Being Used in Europe to Bring Actions Against Journalists

Index on Censorship (2021), 21 pp.

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Impact of Social Media Law on Media Freedom in Turkey Monitoring Report

Gürkan Özturan, Dilek Içten, Hasan Berk Akkoç

Media Research Association (MEDAR) (2021), 83 pp.

External Link (195)

Regulation, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation in Media and Gender Equality

Aimée Vega Montiel, Emma Lygnerud Boberg

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2021), 17 pp.

"This briefing note is designed to give readers a basic understanding of the role of media regulatory and self-regulatory systems in promoting gender equality and inclusion. It highlights the main self- and regulatory systems that reflect or affect the role of media – from the perspective of gende ... more

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Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019
Deep Insights

Elda Brogi, Roberta Carlini, Iva Nenadic, Pier Luigi Parcu, Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha

European University Institute; Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) (2020), 92 pp.

"The findings show a general stagnation or deterioration of media pluralism and media freedom in the four major areas encompassed by the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM): Basic protection, Market plurality, Political independence and Social inclusiveness. The study comprises the European Union Member S ... more

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Lése-majesté and journalism in Turkey and Europe

Aytekin Kaan Kurtul

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 65-79

"This chapter deals with lèse-majesté laws and their impact on the exercise of freedom of political expression and journalism from the perspective of international human rights law. In doing so, it addresses the chilling effects of the application of a particular crime of lèse-majesté, namely � ... more

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Unshackling Expression: A Study on Online Freedom of Expression in Indonesia

Alghiffari Aqsa

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Cyrilla (2020), 27 pp.

"The situation of freedom of expression online in Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is shifting further from human rights and democracy. This is not much different from the situation in other countries in Southeast Asia which seem to be competing to be the worst in human rights and democracy. The shr ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Georgia

Giorgi Jangiani

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 86 pp.

External Link (162)

Media Landscape: Syria

Lorenzo Trombetta, Caterina Pinto

European Journalism Centre (2020)

"Apart from the geographical differences, another distinction has to be made between established media (pro-government) and emerging media (post 2011). The development of the media field is the product of the authoritarian pre 2011 context and the ongoing conflict, which has resulted so far in the d ... eath of hundreds of thousands of people and the displacement of an estimated 11 million Syrians. The popular uprising that broke up in March 2011, cracked down by the government and the subsequent escalation of violence by all the actors involved in the conflict, has led to a gradual descent into regional war, which has transformed the country - according to the New York-based organisation Reporters Without Borders - into one of the world’s most dangerous country for journalists, with extremely high risk of arrest, abduction or death. In fact, as the figures released by the Syrian Network for Human Rights state, 707 citizen journalists were killed in the country from March 2011 until April 2020 and 422 are still detained, mostly by the Syrian government. Nevertheless, there has been a true explosion of “independent media” after 2011, many of which, after reaching the peak in 2013, have since closed. The proliferation of media institutions has been quite chaotic and only recently people working in the field have become more aware of the importance of stronger institutionalisation. Also the Kurdish context has been affected by this break-with-the-past attitude. The repression and oppression by the government went further than in any other region: Kurdish language was banned until 2011 and any cultural expression of Kurdish identity was prohibited. With the autonomy self-proclaimed in 2016, for the first time in recent years a high number of local outlets in Kurdish were launched. The de facto neutrality of Rojava during clashes between the Syrian regime and the opposition forces has created a favourable environment for media institutions, with fewer restrictions than in the rest of Syria. However, local media are highly politicised and, being most of them affiliated with political parties, all too often biased. Political and sectarian fragmentation and polarisation in the different areas of Syria have an immediate effect on the structure of the media landscape, not only at a local, but also national level. Politics through its partisan and armed structures has a direct influence over media production. In government-held areas the Syrian media scene remains largely dominated by pro-government news sources. In this rapidly changing environment, though, the government has not remained behind. It has tried to update its media system, not by establishing new outlets, but by developing those already existing. Moreover, in recent years, especially local media (devoted for example to a specific city or region, or available only on Facebook) have gained relatively more independence. In such areas as Tartus, Latakia, Hama, local media running only on Facebook pages have managed to exert some kind of pressure on both local and central authorities and at this level, journalists have learnt whether and how to cross certain red lines. They have been able to denounce episodes of corruption in a frame of distorted governance dynamics, succeeding in circumventing censorship by not calling into question the status quo and not explicitly taking political stances.In opposition-held areas, the only real independent media are those funded by foreign INGOs, which for structural and economic reasons cannot invest as much and play the same role as the regional and local actors directly or indirectly involved in the conflict do. However, very local and grass-roots independent media initiatives in the years have proved resilient to openly denounce the socio-economic injustices of despotic local, central or foreign authorities. In Kurdish areas, the main division is between the PYD and its supporters on the one hand and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) - the largest party in Iraqi Kurdistan - and its affiliates on the other. A high number of journalists have reported being subjected to pressures on the side of the PYD and its supporters. Thanks to these connections with Kurdish parties, media outlets in Rojava have comparably more funds. It is the only area, for example, where TV stations have been established: Ronahi (linked to PYD) and Zagros TV (affiliated to KDP). It is not by coincidence that Ronahi newspaper has a circulation of 10,000 copies in Rojava, much more than what any independent media can afford." (Overview) more

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Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law
Key Guides

Linda Maria Ravo, Justin Borg-Barhet, Xandra Kramer

Article 19; Civil Liberties Union for Europe; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ); et al. (2020), 48 pp.

"Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are a form of legal harassment. Pursued by law firms on behalf of powerful individuals and organisations who seek to avoid public scrutiny, their aim is to drain the target’s financial and psychological resources and chill critical voices t ... more

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Policy Paper on Draft Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, 2020

Toby Mandel, Sana Ali

Karachi: Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) (2020), 46 pp.

External Link (178)

Media Landscape: Yemen

Laura Silvia Battaglia, Peter Wagner

European Journalism Centre (2020)

"[...] The media is dominated through the links between the media outlets and the political parties. Most local publishers suspended their print editions, while the English language press has completely disappeared. TV channels are also strictly controlled by parties, each side operates its own prog ... ram. Private satellites are only allowed to operate if they have close relations to the leading groups. The development of journalistic professionalism in Yemen has reached a minimum term. War destroyed any ambition. Journalists who are still working take part in a propaganda game, positioning themselves with or against the loyal government and paying consequently the price. Although detentions, violent actions, and torture were already present since the outbreak of the civil war, lately death sentences were prosecuted against the voices of the opposition. Besides the insecure political environment airstrikes, urban fights, and inhuman conditions endanger journalists while reporting. As the Yemeni press is under threat from all directions and journalists are unable to report or even defend their own colleagues without fear of retaliation. The targeted intimidation and the reportedly dead or missing journalists have also affected foreign journalists. The hostile circumstances have led to the closure of most of the newspapers, television channels, and news websites. The media market didn’t develop as expected after the Revolution in 2011, but rather transitioned to a weak phase, absolutely dominated by the links between the media and the political parties. This is totally clear in the printed media marked, followed by the broadcast TV market and website circulation where, with the presence of international and satellite channels and websites not based in the country, it is possible to have access to different and various views about what is happening inside and outside of Yemen. The control of the militias over journalists is strong and dangerous for them. So, the intervention of the two de facto States in the country (the official government of President Mansour Hadi and the Houthi government under the presidency of Ali Abdullah Saleh) is invasive. The Yemeni press is under threat from all directions and journalists are unable to report or even defend their own colleagues without fear of retaliation. Considering also the deaths resulting from bombings by the Saudi-led coalition fighting the Houthis and the targeting of journalists by al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, this is the worst time ever in the history of the country in terms of cost of journalists’ lives." (Overview) more

Teaching Media Policy in Africa: A Handbook for Educators Key Guides

Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019 Deep Insights

Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law Key Guides

Teaching Media Policy in Africa: A Handbook for Educators
Key Guides

Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019
Deep Insights

Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law
Key Guides