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Nauru: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 11 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The key organisation is the Nauru Media Bureau, which is government-run. Relevant legislation: Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1974. No freedom of information legislation. Telecommunications have shifted from a state monopoly to a private monopoly. Media Systems: There is only o ... more

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Medien in Lateinamerika: Zeit für Reformen

Philip Kitzberger

Hamburg: German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA) (2013), 8 pp.

"Während sich die politischen Systeme Lateinamerikas seit den 1980er Jahren demokratisierten, nahm die Konzentration von Besitz und Macht im Mediensektor eher noch zu. Dieser Widerspruch schafft Spannungen, die sowohl gesellschaftliche Reformforderungen als auch staatliche Initiativen zur Neugestal ... more

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Republic of Palau: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 11 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Communications Division within the Ministry of Public Infrastructure, Industries and Commerce is responsible for licensing and regulation of the communications industry, including licensing and handling complaints. Freedom of media is guaranteed in the constitution and i ... more

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Kiribati: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Ministry of Communication, Transport and Tourism Development (MCTTD) is responsible for regulation of media and telecommunications. Within the MCTTD the Broadcasting and Publications Authority (BPA ) is responsible for public service media. The Kiribati government has us ... more

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Samoa: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Media and Communication Legislation in Samoa includes the Broadcasting Act 2010, Film Control Amendment Act 2010, Newspapers and Printers Act 1992-1993, Telecommunication Act 2005, Telecommunication Amendment Act 2007, Telecommunication Amendment Act 2008 and the Samoa Broad ... casting Corporation Act 2003. Section 13 of Samoa’s constitution guarantees freedom of expression, though there is no specific reference to freedom of the media. No freedom of information legislation in Samoa. The Broadcasting Act 2010 allowed for the establishment of a regulator within an Office of the Broadcasting Regulator. The Code of Ethics was developed by JAWS (Journalists Association of Western Samoa). The Telecommunication Act 2005 (with the 2007 and 2008 amendments) allowed for telecommunications regulatory responsibilities to be managed within the Office of the Broadcasting Regulator. Samoa has also developed policies in the area of ICTs and e-Government. Media Systems: There are no specific associations for technicians and no support networks; JAWS is not viewed as a successful network for technicians. Telecommunications technicians access knowledge within their companies. The primary media outlet in a disaster is the government AM radio broadcaster, 2AP (within the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology). There is also a National Emergency Telecommunications Plan that involves landline and mobile providers (Digicel and BlueSky Samoa). The Disaster Monitoring Office uses media strategically in the lead up to drills and awareness days, and has published locally produced videos online relating to disaster preparedness and awareness. Capacity Building: JAWS and PINA provide support to media professionals in SAMOA. PasiMA was also established with several representatives from Samoan media. Reliance on in-house training is not as easy for all local media outlets and the need to train junior staff is a drain on the time of senior staff. The Media and Journalism Department at the National University of Samoa (which merged with Samoa Polytechnic in 2006) offers a one-year certificate in journalism; an additional diploma year was added in response to industry dissatisfaction with the quality of graduates. The course curriculum is based on the Pacific Media Communication Facilities (PMCF) course design developed by PINA and is being implemented across the other TVETS in the Pacific (Fiji, PNG, Vanuatu and Tonga). A major challenge of the programs is that enrolling at the polytechnic is one of the only options for further education open to students who have not achieved high academic scores in the PSSV (Pacific Secondary School Certificate). Content: Samoa has made progress in relation to climate change awareness, and concern among the government, the media and the general public is reported to be medium or high. Little access to workshops and training for media professionals is reported on NCDs or climate change. Training is welcome, particularly for assistance with interpreting scientific reports written in English. Barriers to media coverage of NCD-related issues are reported to include confused messages due to the fragmentation of the health sector; a lack of awareness of who is responsible for health communication; lack of targeting of messages; and conflicting messages. Youth have been important to disaster awareness activities; the school curriculum includes climate change and disaster management with resource kits available for teachers from early childhood level through to secondary school." (Summary of findings) more

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Mapping Digital Media: Brazil

Pedro Mizukami, Jhessica Reia, Joana Varon

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 134 pp.

"Digitization has had profound effects in Brazil. In journalism, information flows faster than ever, and from a greater number of sources; journalists have to adapt to an environment that demands immediate coverage of events, sometimes privileging speed over content. The internet has become the seco ... more

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Regional State of Media and Communication Report

Jo Tacchi, Heather A. Horst, Evangelia Papoutsaki, Verena Thomas, Joys Eggins et al.

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); ABC International Development (2013), 65 pp.

"The research for this report was developed and undertaken between June 2012 and April 2013 across 14 Pacific Island nations: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Nauru, Niue, Republic of Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon I ... more

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Étude sur le développement des médias au Gabon: Basée sur les indicateurs de développement des médias de l’UNESCO

Laurent Charles Boyomo Assala, Emmanuel Mbede

Paris: UNESCO (2013), 97 pp.

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Tuvalu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Constitution protects freedom of expression, but there are no explicit references to freedom of media. Freedom of media was specifically included in the Tuvalu Media Corporation Act of 1993, but since being de-corporatised in 2008, the Tuvalu Media Department is no longe ... more

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Handbook on International Standards and Media Law in the Arab World

Toby Mendel

Halifax; Brussels: Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD); International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2013), 64 pp.

"International law provides robust general protection for freedom of expression, including freedom of the media, and this has been subject to detailed elaboration by international human rights courts and other official bodies tasked with promoting human rights globally and regionally. For the media, ... more

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Asian Media Barometer: India 2013

Berlin; New Delhi: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 88 pp.

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The Business of Media in Myanmar

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC, Arcata, Calif.: Internews (2013), 22 pp.

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The Media Landscape in 54 Countries: Country Profiles from the 2011 and 2012 UIS Pilot Surveys

Paris: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), 155 pp.

"The current UIS Questionnaire on Media Statistics provides information for three UNESCO frameworks, namely the Media and Information Literacy Framework, the Media Development Indicators Framework and the Framework for Cultural Statistics. The questionnaire collects data for reporting global progres ... more

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Tonga: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 16 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: Freedom of the Press is guaranteed in Clause 7 of the constitution. Amendments to the constitution in 2003 enabled the government to restrict media freedom. The Communication Act 2000 allows the government to restrict or prohibit content or particular types of content, and r ... egulates the ways in which Tongan culture and identity are represented in the media. The Newspaper Act and Media Operators Act 2003 licenses newspapers as well as broadcasters, and includes a restriction on the importation and sale of foreign media. Media Systems: Technicians typically rely on bilateral assistance programs for donated (but usually old) equipment. Technicians purchase equipment online from companies primarily based in New Zealand. Engineers are keen to work together to pool resources and training from abroad. Tongan technicians are sent overseas for up-skilling, and special trainers are occasionally brought in from overseas; they also maintain their own relationships and seek advice from other technicians overseas. The National Plan for Emergency Information was formulated in 2007 and is undergoing revision. The National Emergency Management Office works with the Red Cross for disaster preparedness. Digicel works closely with the Disaster Management Committee to broadcast information immediately via mobile (SMS) and television; Radio Tonga is also a significant player. In the most recent events where early warning messages were delayed, TBC did not relay them for almost 25 minutes, and people were already on their way to work and school. Capacity Building: The Tonga Institute of Higher Education has Certificate and Diploma courses in journalism; all of the students in 2011 were women. TVET training is perceived as inadequate, with students who have undertaken media internships lacking practical or technical skills. TBC is currently the only active member of PINA in Tonga, and PasiMA has emerged as a player for members of private media. Local politics and competition between different individuals and organisations play a significant role in the success or failure of media associations and organisations in Tonga. Content: The balance and quality of international content as compared with locally produced content represents a key concern for members of the media industry. Tonga has a formal communications plan as part of the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change program (PACC) which focuses on delivery of climate change messages. Many of the messages about climate change need to be simplified, made relevant or translated into Tongan language and concepts. Media experts go to Tonga Family Health or the Government Centre for Women & Children - Ma’a Fafine mo e Famili - for information about NCDs. Tonga Health Promotion Foundation does not undertake any media training and has had little training on how to engage with the media or how media campaigns should work. Telecommunication companies (e.g., Broadcom and Digicel) have been particularly active in NCD awareness activities." (Summary of findings) more

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Asian Media Barometer: South Korea 2013

Berlin; Seoul: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 96 pp.

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Médias et démocratie en Afrique

Renaud Brosse

Bruxelles; Cork: Bruylant; Primento (2013), 385 pp.

"Quel que soit le pays ou le continent considéré, une interdépendance étroite existe aujourd’hui entre démocratie, liberté des médias et régulation de la communication. Une place cruciale revient en effet aux organes de régulation dans la procédure d’allocation de fréquences d’émis ... sions, dans la promotion de la diversité culturelle des contenus médiatiques, dans l’équitable accès aux ondes des courants politiques et de pensée, ou encore dans l’émergence de véritables médias de service public. Les organes de régulation des médias se sont partout ou presque imposés comme partie intégrante de l’appareillage institutionnel démocratique. En Afrique subsaharienne, les premières instances de régulation des médias ont été créées dans le sillage de la démocratisation, au tournant des années 1980/1990. Le rejet du système des partis uniques et la revendication des libertés civiles et politiques se traduisent notamment alors, dans le domaine de l’information et de la communication, par l’avènement de régulateurs dont la vocation est de couper le cordon ombilical entre pouvoir politique et médias. Le bouillonnement médiaticopolitique né de l’essor sans précédent de nouveaux supports écrits et audiovisuels privés, a, de par sa vigueur et, il faut bien le reconnaître aussi, ses excès, nécessité l’organisation de ces nouvelles libertés d’expression et de communication. Ce besoin d’arbitrage, justifié au nom de l’intérêt supérieur du public et de son droit à une information de qualité, a débouché sur la création d’instances de régulation des médias écrits et/ou audiovisuels. A l’heure où la légitimité de ces nouveaux acteurs indépendants semble globalement acquise, de nouveaux dangers les attendent pourtant : sauront-ils, par exemple, relever les défis que leur posent les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication - notamment Internet – et parviendront-ils à gérer collectivement, en bonne intelligence et complémentarité, les images télévisuelles se déversant sur les Etats africains, en s’affranchissant de toute considération de frontières ?" (Description de la maison d'édition) more

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Vanuatu: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The government broadcaster VBTC administers broadcast licences in Vanuatu. Under the Newspaper Act 1982, newspaper owners must be Vanuatu citizens. Freedom of expression is guaranteed in the constitution, but there is no specific protection for freedom of media, and threats ... more

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Mapping Digital Media: Bulgaria

Vesislava Antonova, Andrian Georgiev

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 92 pp.

"After a significant delay, the transition to digital terrestrial broadcasting in Bulgaria is scheduled to be finished in 2013. While cable television appears to have peaked since 2007, satellite television continues to increase its penetration, more often through bundled services. On the other hand ... more

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Marshall Islands: State of Media & Communication Report

Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS); Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); Australian Aid (AusAID) (2013), 12 pp.

"Policy and Legislation: The Ministry of Transportation and Communication is responsible for registering broadcasting stations. Freedom of speech and the press are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. There is no media self-regulating body, and no media association. There is no FOI legislation. Telecom ... more

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Mapping Digital Media: Slovakia

Miroslav Kollar, Tomáš Czwitkowics

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 89 pp.