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Journalists in Russia

Maria Anikina, Lydia Frost, Thomas Hanitzsch

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.

"With regard to professional role orientations, Russian journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard deviations indicate. Likewise, the ... more

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The Role of Malawi Broadcasting Corporation Staffers in Mediating Malawi's Ideological Nation-Building Project: The Case of 'Speak Out'

Sydney Friendly Kankuzi

African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 2 (2017), pp. 141-158

"The Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) was established as Malawi's first national radio station when the country gained independence from Britain in 1964, partly with an ideological function of mobilising Malawians for the task of nation building. Since its inception, the broadcaster has been ac ... more

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Journalists in Colombia

Jesús Arroyave, Miguel Garcés

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.

"With regards to how Colombian journalists reportedly viewed their professional purpose/role, they found it was most important to report news accurately, to provide analysis of current affairs, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to promote social change, and lastly, to educate the audience ... more

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Journalists in Hungary

Róka Jolán, Lydia Frost, Thomas Hanitzsch

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 7 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, Hungarian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, and to provide analysis of current affairs (see Table 1). The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed jou ... more

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Journalists in Chile

Claudia Mellado, Lydia Frost, Thomas Hanitzsch

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, Chilean journalists found it most important to report things as they are and to provide analysis of current affairs. The relevance of these “classic” roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists as the relatively low standard devi ... more

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Journalists in Tanzania

Yusuf Kalyango

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.

"The top six roles, all with means above 4.3 and standard deviations below 1, for Tanzanian journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g. promote tolerance and cultural diversity) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g. support national development). “Provide the k ... more

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Journalists in Brazil

Sonia Virgínia Moreira

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 6 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, Brazilian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to be a detached observer, to let people express their views, and to provide analysis of current affairs (see Table 1). These resu ... more

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Journalists in the UAE

Elsayed Bekhit M. Darwish

Worlds of Journalism Study (2017), 5 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in the UAE found it most important to educate the audience, to influence public opinion, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to tell stories about the world, and to support government policy. Still, more than two out of five respo ... more

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Journalists in Serbia

Sonja Seizova, Verica Rupar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Journalists in Serbia seriously believe in their role to inform, interpret, educate and advocate for social change. Nearly all of them, with very little divergence, say the main role of journalism is to report things as they are, followed by providing analysis, promoting tolerance and diversity, ed ... more

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Journalists in Botswana

Jyotika Ramaprasad

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"The top six roles, all with means above 4.5 and standard deviations below 1, for Botswana journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g., report things as they are) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g., support national development). “Report things as they are� ... more

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Journalists in Albania

Jonila Godole

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Albanian journalists believe their most important professional role is reporting things as they are, being detached observers and providing the kind of news that attracts the largest audience. These functions contrast with the dominant perceived role of journalists in the early 1990s as missionarie ... more

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Journalists in Indonesa

Nurhaya Muchtar, Maskudi

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"With regards to professional roles, Indonesian journalists found it most important to report things as they are, educate their audience, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, let people express their opinions and advocate for social change. Interviewed journalists also found it very important t ... more

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Journalists in India

Jyotika Ramaprasad

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"The top five roles, in order of importance both by mean scores and by percent who said “extremely” and “very” important, for Indian journalists, were: report things as they are (88.4%), educate the audience (85.5%), provide analysis of current affairs (84.7%), let people express their views ... more

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Journalists in Ecuador

Martín Oller

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"With regard to professional role orientations, Ecuadorian journalists found it most important to provide analysis of current affairs, to report things as they are, to let people express their views, to educate the audience, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, and to support national develo ... more

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Journalists in Mexico

Mireya Márquez Ramírez, Sallie Hughes

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"With regards to professional role orientations, the vast majority of journalists in Mexico found it extremely or very important to report things as they are, followed in second place by the role of promoting tolerance and cultural diversity, and the role of advocating for social change in third pla ... more

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Journalists in Bangladesh

Mohammad Sahid Ullah, Rawshon Akhter

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.

"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more

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Journalists in Romania

Mihai Coman, Antonia Matei, Natalia Milewski, Rodica Melinda Sutu

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"Romanian journalists said that objectivity is the most important attribute of their work. They strongly believe that their job is to report events exactly the way they happened, without any external or internal intervention. The low standard deviations in these cases indicate that there is a high l ... more

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Journalists in South Africa

Arnold S. De Beer, Sean Beckett, Vanessa Malila, Herman Wasserman

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"With regard to professional role orientations, South African journalists found it most important to report things as they are (92.5%), to educate the audience (86.8%), and to let people express their views (84.6%). The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalists ... more

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Journalists in Kenya

Levi Obonyo, Hesbon Hansen Owilla

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 8 pp.

"It is fairly informative how journalists view their roles in the Kenyan society. Kenyan journalists found it most important to report things the way they are, to educate the audience and to promote tolerance and diversity. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed jou ... rnalists as the relatively low standard deviations (s=.75, s=.77, and s=.88 respectively) indicate. It is particularly noteworthy the notion of reporting things as they are and promoting tolerance. About a decade ago, the Kenyan media was perceived to have contributed to the spate of political violence that engulfed the country. The media has strenuously struggled to shed off that perception. Further, journalists tend to see themselves as objective and therefore it is little surprising that straight reporting scored highly on the list. Other roles with a standard deviation score less than s=1.0 included letting people express their views (81.1%, s=.89) and telling stories about the world (78.9%, s=.98). Providing analysis of current affairs was considered an important role by 81.7 percent of the respondents. The other roles, in their order of percentage scores and possibly relative importance, are indicated in Table 1 below. It is instructive what Kenyan journalists considered less important roles: conveying a positive image of political leadership (31.8%) and being an adversary of the government (36.1%). Nearly all roles related to politics are at the bottom of the table. This is a unique finding, as Kenyan media is often accused of being overly political. The headlines and lead stories are often all about politics. It is noteworthy that journalism in Kenya can sometimes be fairly adversarial in relation to the government. Given the promulgation of a new constitution nearly seven years ago, with clauses protective of media freedom, there is often a boldness in Kenyan media which is unique compared to the experiences of neighboring countries. Roles supportive of a development agenda scored somewhere in the middle of the table. This is an important and surprising perception as well. Kenya is a developing country and it would have been natural to expect that development was a default role for the media. But development-related responses scored 78.8 percent and 69.2 percent respectively. While this is still a high score, it is not among the top considerations of the media." (Journalistic roles, pages 3-4) more

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Journalists in Sierra Leone

Sarah Bomkapre Kamara

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.

"In their professional role orientations, Sierra Leonean journalists found it most important to educate the audience, let people express their views, report things as they are, support national development and advocate for social change. The respondents believe it is not their job to convey a positi ... more