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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Social Media and Conflict in Sudan: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Andariya; Sudanese Development Initiative (SUDIA); Regional Center for Training and Development of Civil Society (RCDCS) (2020), 53 pp.
"PeaceTech Lab, in partnership with Andariya and the Sudan Development Initiative (SUDIA), intends this effort to contribute to understanding language and the context for potential conflict during the transition to civilian government and to eventual elections in Sudan. This project seeks to tackle
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Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media
Tirana; Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Albanian Media Institute (2020), 27 pp.
"[...] the purpose of this paper is to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation. The research focuses mainly on online media, as they are identified as the main carriers of disinformation and hate speech, with a few ex
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Violence and Trolling on Social Media: History, Affect, and Effects of Online Vitriol
Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2020), 266 pp.
"Various terms are in use to describe violent, bullying, demeaning, or otherwise antagonistic expressions on social media platforms. Hate speech is common, but also not limited to the online world. While it does signal that these expressions are speech acts, and therefore, as we maintain, performati
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Más que palabras: Buscando consensos para caracterizar el discurso de odio
Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2020), 37 pp.
"[...] la presente investigación tiene como objeto cuatro naciones de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica y Panamá. Se analiza de qué manera cada uno de los países seleccionados caracteriza al discurso de odio y cómo lo enfrenta. Este abordaje se realizó desde una perspectiva legal
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Rechte Ego-Shooter: Von der virtuellen Hetze zum Livestream-Attentat
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 208 pp.
"Rechtsextremistisch, antisemitisch oder rassistisch motivierten Anschlägen fielen seit 2019 in Neuseeland, den USA, Norwegen und Deutschland 86 Menschen zu Opfer. Die Täter verbindet nicht nur ihr Hass, sondern ebenso ihre Radikalisierung im Internet. Sie alle fanden zuvor in einschlägigen Foren
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Digital Vigilantism, Social Media and Cyber Criminality
Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2020), 15 pp.
"Social media platforms have become powerful tools to amplify and share narratives. Like many evolving technologies, platforms such as Twitter or Facebook may be used for social good or for ill. Digital vigilantism (whereby social media platforms are used for organised shaming, hounding or doxing of
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Misinformation, Disinformation, Malinformation: Causes, Trends, and Their Influence on Democracy
Sarajevo: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2020), 38 pp.
"The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomena of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, as well as their impact on the political sphere. In addition, the paper attempts to explain the harmful influence of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation on public debates, dem
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Disability Hate Speech: Social, Cultural and Political Context
London; New York: Routledge (2020), ix, 255 pp.
"This book, the first to specifically focus on disability hate speech, explains what disability hate speech is, why it is important, what laws regulate it (both online and in person) and how it is different from other forms of hate. Unfortunately, disability is often ignored or overlooked in academi
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Social Media and Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Terre de Paix; Action des Jeunes pour le Développement Communautaire et la Paix (ADECOP) (2020), 32 pp.
"To successfully monitor and counter hate speech, we must first identify specific terms and define the social and political context that makes them offensive, inflammatory, and potentially dangerous. To that end, PeaceTech Lab has pioneered a process to identify and contextualize inflammatory langua
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Judenhass im Internet: Antisemitismus als kulturelle Konstante und kollektives Gefühl
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 167 pp.
"Die unterschiedlichen Quellen des Judenhasses finden mit den medialen Möglichkeiten des 21. Jahrhunderts einen nie gekannten Resonanzboden, der Anonymität wahrt und Reichweite ermöglicht. Latente und virulente antisemitische Stereotype werden mit aktuellen Bezügen aufgeladen und verstärkt. Mon
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"Fake News," Dangerous Speech and Mass Violence: Challenges for Social Media in the Developing World
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 483-500
"The cases discussed in this chapter have demonstrated how disinformation and rhetoric that is spread through social media in the developing world often meets the Benesch criteria for dangerous speech. It comes from influential sources, which can include family and friends who share it. It plays on
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"PeaceTech Lab’s work on hate speech aims to identify and contextualize the particular types of language that are likely to cause violence. This project identifies relevant terms through on-theground information gathering and examines their origins, background context, and use in a particular coun
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Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar
Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.
"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
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Volkes Stimme? Zur Sprache des Rechtspopulismus
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2019), 175 pp.
Beyond the “Big Three”: Alternative Platforms for Online Hate Speech
SCAN Specialised Cyber-Activists Network (2019), 13 pp.
"As the ‘big three’ social media platforms Facebook, YouTube and Twitter increasingly lose their relevance for young users, other social media, especially Instagram, step up to fill this space. Our research showed that hate groups and extremists wishing to influence minors or young adults with t
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What is the Relationship Between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda's "Radio Machete"
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 97-130
"The evidence amounts to a persuasive refutation of the commonly held beliefs that radio had widespread, direct effects and that hate radio was the primary driver of the genocide and participation in it. That said, the evidence suggests radio had some marginal and conditional effects. RTLM broadcast
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Counter-Narratives: Myanmar's Digital Media Activists
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 377-386
"In the months before Myanmar's national elections in November 2015, Khin Oo says she began to engage directly with Facebook users to dispel rumours and misinformation that, in her view, propagated hate and inflamed intercommunal tensions. She posted "right speech" and "right information" by comment
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From Preachers to Comedians: Ideal Types of Hate Speakers in Brazil
Global Media and Communication, volume 15, issue 1 (2019), pp. 67-84
"This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis
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