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Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
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Journals
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Hate Speech Among Politicians in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sarajevo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 12 pp.
Hateful Speech and Conflict in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: A Lexicon of Hateful and Inflammatory Words and Phrases
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Centre for the Advancement of Rights and Democracy (CARD); Destiny Ethiopia Project (2021), 56 pp.
"The list of terms included in this lexicon, as well as their proposed meaning and contextualization, are not static. Instead, the lexicon is a ‘snapshot’ (in time and space) of how hateful language is used, perceived, and understood by those who contributed to the research process in Ethiopia b
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Caste-Hate Speech: Addressing Hate Speech Based on Work and Descent
International Dalit Solidarity Network (2021), 33 pp.
"Caste discrimination remains one of the world’s most serious human rights issues. It is intrinsically linked with hate speech, but as this report has demonstrated, insufficient attention has been paid to the caste-based aspects of hate speech. All too often, caste-hate speech is allowed to contin
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A Comparative Study on Hate Speech and Incitement to Violence in Syrian Media. Second Monitoring Round (2020)
Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM) (2021), 53 pp.
"The Syrian media of various types and geographical distribution use hate speech and incitement to Violence disproportionately. The average use of public hate speech in the Syrian media was (17.99%) as a percentage of the monitored content of the study sample, which is considered a low percentage wh
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Beyond Fake News: The Central African Republic’s Hate Speech Problem
United States Institute of Peace (USIP), August 16 (2021)
"After a recent contested election, the Central African Republic finds itself in a precarious situation. Violence around the election combined with the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and destructive flooding have caused the humanitarian emergency to reach its worst state in five years. Meanwhile
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Digitale Bildkulturen: Bildproteste, Screenshots, Hassbilder, Netzfeminismus und Selfies
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2021), 397 pp.
"Als Selfie oder im politischen Prozess, als gleichermaßen fluide wie langlebige Postings, in verstörenden Hassbildern oder als Labor des Feminismus wirken digitale Bilder in je eigenen Kontexten: Menschen inszenieren sich und werden inszeniert, vernetzen und bekämpfen sich, posieren und protesti
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Judenhass im Internet: Antisemitismus als kulturelle Konstante und kollektives Gefühl
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 167 pp.
"Die unterschiedlichen Quellen des Judenhasses finden mit den medialen Möglichkeiten des 21. Jahrhunderts einen nie gekannten Resonanzboden, der Anonymität wahrt und Reichweite ermöglicht. Latente und virulente antisemitische Stereotype werden mit aktuellen Bezügen aufgeladen und verstärkt. Mon
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Social Media and Conflict in Sudan: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Andariya; Sudanese Development Initiative (SUDIA); Regional Center for Training and Development of Civil Society (RCDCS) (2020), 53 pp.
"PeaceTech Lab, in partnership with Andariya and the Sudan Development Initiative (SUDIA), intends this effort to contribute to understanding language and the context for potential conflict during the transition to civilian government and to eventual elections in Sudan. This project seeks to tackle
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Hate Speech in Southeast Asia: New Forms, Old Rules
Bangkog: Asia Centre (2020), 40 pp.
"This paper attempts to understand the phenomenon of hate speech and its potential to legitimise discrimination and promote violence against its targets. It lays out the interconnections between Islamophobia, hate speech and acts of physical violence against Muslims. The role of social media, especi
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Countering Cyberhate Against Roma: A Toolkit for Civil Society Organizations and Activists
Budapest: Minority Rights Group Europe (2020), 51 pp.
"In Chapter 1, the international and European legal frameworks are outlined with a focus on the existing definitions of hate speech and current freedom of expression safeguards, the challenges posed by online hate speech, the role of IT companies in addressing these issues, and possible ways to resp
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Social Media and Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; Terre de Paix; Action des Jeunes pour le Développement Communautaire et la Paix (ADECOP) (2020), 32 pp.
"To successfully monitor and counter hate speech, we must first identify specific terms and define the social and political context that makes them offensive, inflammatory, and potentially dangerous. To that end, PeaceTech Lab has pioneered a process to identify and contextualize inflammatory langua
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Violence and Trolling on Social Media: History, Affect, and Effects of Online Vitriol
Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2020), 266 pp.
"Various terms are in use to describe violent, bullying, demeaning, or otherwise antagonistic expressions on social media platforms. Hate speech is common, but also not limited to the online world. While it does signal that these expressions are speech acts, and therefore, as we maintain, performati
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Meinungsfreiheit
welt-sichten, issue 2 (2020), pp. 12-31
Misinformation, Disinformation, Malinformation: Causes, Trends, and Their Influence on Democracy
Sarajevo: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2020), 38 pp.
"The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomena of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, as well as their impact on the political sphere. In addition, the paper attempts to explain the harmful influence of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation on public debates, dem
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Digital Vigilantism, Social Media and Cyber Criminality
Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2020), 15 pp.
"Social media platforms have become powerful tools to amplify and share narratives. Like many evolving technologies, platforms such as Twitter or Facebook may be used for social good or for ill. Digital vigilantism (whereby social media platforms are used for organised shaming, hounding or doxing of
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Disability Hate Speech: Social, Cultural and Political Context
London; New York: Routledge (2020), ix, 255 pp.
"This book, the first to specifically focus on disability hate speech, explains what disability hate speech is, why it is important, what laws regulate it (both online and in person) and how it is different from other forms of hate. Unfortunately, disability is often ignored or overlooked in academi
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