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Journals
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Misinformation, Disinformation, Malinformation: Causes, Trends, and Their Influence on Democracy
Sarajevo: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2020), 38 pp.
"The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomena of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation, as well as their impact on the political sphere. In addition, the paper attempts to explain the harmful influence of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation on public debates, dem
...
Más que palabras: Buscando consensos para caracterizar el discurso de odio
Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2020), 37 pp.
"[...] la presente investigación tiene como objeto cuatro naciones de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica y Panamá. Se analiza de qué manera cada uno de los países seleccionados caracteriza al discurso de odio y cómo lo enfrenta. Este abordaje se realizó desde una perspectiva legal
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Countering Cyberhate Against Roma: A Toolkit for Civil Society Organizations and Activists
Budapest: Minority Rights Group Europe (2020), 51 pp.
"In Chapter 1, the international and European legal frameworks are outlined with a focus on the existing definitions of hate speech and current freedom of expression safeguards, the challenges posed by online hate speech, the role of IT companies in addressing these issues, and possible ways to resp
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Assessing Digital Threats to Democracy, and Workable Solutions: A Review of the Recent Literature
International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 2589-2610
"Concerns surrounding the threats that digital platforms pose to the functioning of Western liberal democracies have grown since the 2016 U.S. election. Yet despite a preponderance of academic work in this area, the precise nature of these threats, empirical solutions for their redress, and their re
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Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media
Tirana; Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Albanian Media Institute (2020), 27 pp.
"[...] the purpose of this paper is to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation. The research focuses mainly on online media, as they are identified as the main carriers of disinformation and hate speech, with a few ex
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Rechte Ego-Shooter: Von der virtuellen Hetze zum Livestream-Attentat
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 208 pp.
"Rechtsextremistisch, antisemitisch oder rassistisch motivierten Anschlägen fielen seit 2019 in Neuseeland, den USA, Norwegen und Deutschland 86 Menschen zu Opfer. Die Täter verbindet nicht nur ihr Hass, sondern ebenso ihre Radikalisierung im Internet. Sie alle fanden zuvor in einschlägigen Foren
...
Volkes Stimme? Zur Sprache des Rechtspopulismus
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2019), 175 pp.
Social Media in Africa: An Emerging Force for Autocrats and Activists
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 415-430
"The most extreme damage inflicted by social media can be seen in South Sudan. As documented in the chapter by Theo Dolan, social media in South Sudan has contributed to hatred and conflict among ethnic groups. Many investigators, including UN investigators, have warned that South Sudan's social med
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Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), x, 637 pp.
"The book includes an extensive section on the echoes of Rwanda, which looks at the cases of Darfur, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, and South Sudan, while the impact of social media as a new actor is examined through chapters on social media use by the Islamic State and in Syria and in other
...
Beyond the “Big Three”: Alternative Platforms for Online Hate Speech
SCAN Specialised Cyber-Activists Network (2019), 13 pp.
"As the ‘big three’ social media platforms Facebook, YouTube and Twitter increasingly lose their relevance for young users, other social media, especially Instagram, step up to fill this space. Our research showed that hate groups and extremists wishing to influence minors or young adults with t
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From Preachers to Comedians: Ideal Types of Hate Speakers in Brazil
Global Media and Communication, volume 15, issue 1 (2019), pp. 67-84
"This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis
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Facebooking in Myanmar: From Hate Speech to Fake News to Partisan Political Communication
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), 10 pp.
"Facebook is the Internet in Myanmar, and it presents both opportunities for and challenges to the government, the opposition, and the people in a country that is in transition. Facebook has gained notoriety as a platform for hate speech and fake news in Myanmar over the past seven years. Facebook h
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Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar
Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.
"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
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"Fake News," Dangerous Speech and Mass Violence: Challenges for Social Media in the Developing World
In: Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), pp. 483-500
"The cases discussed in this chapter have demonstrated how disinformation and rhetoric that is spread through social media in the developing world often meets the Benesch criteria for dangerous speech. It comes from influential sources, which can include family and friends who share it. It plays on
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"PeaceTech Lab’s work on hate speech aims to identify and contextualize the particular types of language that are likely to cause violence. This project identifies relevant terms through on-theground information gathering and examines their origins, background context, and use in a particular coun
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Free Speech in the Digital Age
New York: Oxford University Press (2019), xvi, 259 pp.
"This collection of thirteen new essays is the first to examine, from a range of disciplinary perspectives, how the new technologies and global reach of the internet are changing the theory and practice of free speech. The rapid expansion of online communication, as well as the changing roles of gov
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Satellite Sectarianisation or Plain Old Partisanship? Inciting Violence in the Arab Mainstream Media
London: LSE Middle East Centre (2019), 23 pp.
"This report assesses widespread claims that pan-Arab satellite news channels are responsible for inciting sectarian violence during the Arab uprisings. Based on an empirical study of how the most popular channels (Al-Jazeera Arabic and Al-Arabiya) and a competitive newcomer (Al-Mayadeen) have frame
...
