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A Systematic Literature Review on Fake News in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can AI Propose a Solution?

Tanvir Ahmad, Eyner Arturo Aliaga Lazarte, Seyedali Mirjalili

Applied Sciences (MDPI), volume 12, issue 12727 (2022), 19 pp.

"This paper aims to unpack a structured overview of previous research topics and findings and identify gaps. Our goal in this systematic review is to (a) synthesize the selected earlier studies, (b) offer researchers a structural framework for future COVID-19 and fake news research, and (c) recommen ... more

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The Promises and Perils of Applying Artificial Intelligence for Social Good in Entrepreneurship

Nicole Siebold, Ali Aslan Gümüsay, Georg von Richthofen

Berlin: Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG) (2022), 30 pp.

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Cyber Security Politics: Socio-Technological Transformations and Political Fragmentation

Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Andreas Wenger (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xii, 272 pp.

"Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyberspace in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state acto ... more

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Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022
Deep Insights

Daniel Zhang, Nestor Maslej, Erik Brynjolfsson, John Etchemendy, Terah Lyons et al.

AI Index Steering Committee; Stanford University, Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (2022), 229 pp.

"The fifth edition of the AI Index Report includes data from a broad set of academic, private, and nonprofit organizations as well as more self-collected data and original analysis than any previous editions, including an expanded technical performance chapter, a new survey of robotics researchers a ... more

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Artificial Communication: How Algorithms Produce Social Intelligence

Elena Esposito

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (2022), xiv, 184 pp.

"Argues that what makes AI socially relevant and useful is not intelligence at all but something even more human: communication. If machines are going to improve their ability to address ever more important human issues, it will not be because they have learned to think like people, but because we h ... more

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Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners
Key Guides

Robert Krimmer, Armin Rabitsch, Nathan Licht Marta Achler

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 146 pp.

"This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of international and regional standards and commitments related to the rights to freedom of expression, access to information, political participation, and privacy in the area of the internet, social media and Artificial Intelligence in elections. It al ... more

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How Platforms Respond to Human Rights Conflicts Online: Best Practices in Weighing Rights and Obligations in Hybrid Online Orders

Matthias C. Kettemann (ed.)

Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung; Global Digital Human Rights Network (GDHRNet) (2022), 187 pp.

"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel ... more

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Republic of Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy: 2023 - 2033

Ministry of Communications and Digitalization (2022), 123 pp.

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Artificial Intelligence for Africa

Stefano Sedola, Andrea Junior Pescino, Tira Greene

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2021), 67 pp.

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AI for Everyone? Critical Perspectives

Pieter Verdegem (ed.)

London: University of Westminster Press (2021), 300 pp.

"We are entering a new era of technological determinism and solutionism in which governments and business actors are seeking data-driven change, assuming that Artificial Intelligence is now inevitable and ubiquitous. But we have not even started asking the right questions, let alone developed an und ... more

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Emerging technology trends: Artificial intelligence and big data for development 4.0

Mirjana Stankovic, Aminata Amadou Garba, Nikola Neftenov

Geneva: ITU (2021), xv, 87 pp.

"Intended as a guide for policy-makers and other stakeholders in crafting a national AI and data strategy for development, the report highlights opportunities and outlines good policy and regulatory practices for implementation, while also flagging key challenges and offering hands-on suggestions in ... more

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Policy guidance on AI for children

Virginia Dignum, Klara Pigmans, Steven Vosloo, Melanie Penagos

New York: UNICEF (2021), 59 pp.

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Explicability of Humanitarian AI: A Matter of Principles

Giulio Coppi, Moreno Jimenez Rebeca, Sofia Kyriazi

Journal of International Humanitarian Action, volume 6, issue 19 (2021), 22 pp.

"In the debate on how to improve efficiencies in the humanitarian sector and better meet people’s needs, the argument for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADMs) systems has gained significant traction and ignited controversy for its ethical and human rights-re ... lated implications. Setting aside the implications of introducing unmanned and automated systems in warfare, we focus instead on the impact of the adoption of AI-based ADMs in humanitarian response. In order to maintain the status and protection conferred by the humanitarian mandate, aid organizations are called to abide by a broad set of rules condensed in the humanitarian principles and notably the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. But how do these principles operate when decision-making is automated? This article opens with an overview of AI and ADMs in the humanitarian sector, with special attention to the concept of algorithmic opacity. It then explores the transformative potential of these systems on the complex power dynamics between humanitarians, principled assistance, and affected communities during acute crises. Our research confirms that the existing flaws in accountability and epistemic processes can be also found in the mathematical and statistical formulas and in the algorithms used for automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and other efficiency-gaining-related processes. In doing so, our analysis highlights the potential harm to people resulting from algorithmic opacity, either through removal or obfuscation of the causal connection between triggering events and humanitarian services through the so-called black box effect (algorithms are often described as black boxes, as their complexity and technical opacity hide and obfuscate their inner workings (Diakopoulos, Tow Center for Digital Journ, 2017). Recognizing the need for a humanitarian ethics dimension in the analysis of automation, AI, and ADMs used in humanitarian action, we endorse the concept of “explicability” as developed within the ethical framework of machine learning and humancomputer interaction, together with a set of proxy metrics. Finally, we stress the need for developing auditable standards, as well as transparent guidelines and frameworks to rein in the risks of what has been defined as humanitarian experimentation (Sandvik, Jacobsen, and McDonald, Int. Rev. Red Cross 99(904), 319–344, 2017). This article concludes that accountability mechanisms for AI-based systems and ADMs used to respond to the needs of populations in situation of vulnerability should be an essential feature by default, in order to preserve the respect of the do no harm principle even in the digital dimension of aid. In conclusion, while we confirm existing concerns related to the adoption of AI-based systems and ADMs in humanitarian action, we also advocate for a roadmap towards humanitarian AI for the sector and introduce a tentative ethics framework as basis for future research." (Abstract) more

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Countering Terrorism Online with Artificial Intelligence: An Overview for Law Enforcement and Counter-Terrorism Agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia

New York; Torino (IT): United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT); United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) (2021), 49 pp.

"[...] this report serves as an introduction to the use of AI to counter terrorism online for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in the regions of South Asia and South-East Asia. This report is introductory in nature as a result of the limited publicly available information on the degree ... of technological readiness of law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in these regions, which is considered likely to be indicative of limited experience with this technology. In this regard, the report provides a broad assessment of different use cases of AI, demonstrating the opportunities of the technology, as well as curbing out the challenges. The report is intended to serve as an initial mapping of AI, contextualizing possible use cases of the technology that could theoretically be deployed in the regions, whilst juxtaposing this with the key challenges that authorities must overcome to ensure the use of AI is responsible and human rights compliant. Give its introductory nature, this report is by no means intended to be an exhaustive overview of the application of AI to counter terrorism online. The report is divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides a general introduction to the context of terrorism, Internet usage in South Asia and South-East Asia and AI. The second chapter introduces and explains some key terms, technologies, and processes relevant for this report from a technical perspective. The third chapter maps applications of AI in the context of countering the terrorist use of the Internet and social media, focusing on six identified use cases, namely: i) Predictive analytics for terrorist activities; ii) Identifying red flags of radicalization; iii) Detecting mis- and disinformation spread by terrorists for strategic purposes; iv) Automated content moderation and takedown; v) Countering terrorist and violent extremist narratives; and vi) Managing heavy data analysis demands. The fourth chapter examines the challenges that law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies must be prepared to address in their exploration of the technology, in particular specific political and legal challenges, as well as technical issues. The report concludes with the fifth and final chapter, which provides high-level recommendations for law enforcement and counter-terrorism agencies in South Asia and South-East Asia to take onboard to support them to navigate the challenges described in terms of the use of AI to counter terrorism online." (Executive summary, page 7) more

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Engendering AI: A Gender and Ethics Perspective on Artificial Intelligence in Africa

Favour Borokini, Sandra Nabulega, Garnett Achieng

Pollicy (2021), 22 pp.

"Although AI solutions have the potential to drive growth and development across major sectors such as finance, agriculture, and healthcare, the AI industry is currently still based in North America, Europe, and Asia, with Africa, unfortunately, still underrepresented (Jungblut, 2020). This is a thr ... more

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The Next Wave of Disruption: Emerging Market Media Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. An Overview of New Technology Implementation in Emerging Market Media

Robert Shaw, Emiliana Garcia, Heghine Gyulnazaryan, Juan Melano, Jakub Parusinski, Alex Sabadan

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2021), 63 pp.

"Just as in the global context, new tools are being used by the media in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ALI/ML) is not limited to large, corporate media. But the reality of different news organisations with a variety of bu ... more

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Machine Learning and Meta-Ethnography: Seven Steps to Synthesising 578 Evaluations Into Four Themes

Stephen Porter, Harsh Anuj, Yingjia Liu et al.

Better Evaluation (2021), 7 pp.

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Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights

Wolfgang Beck, Ilona Nord, Joachim Valentin (eds.)

Freiburg; Basel; Wien: Herder (2021), 524 pp.

"Die Beiträge des umfangreichen Handbuchs sondieren die verschiedenen Facetten und Bedeutungen der digitalen Revolution: die Kultur der Digitalität (Ethik, Ästhetik, öffentlicher Raum, Gesellschaftspolitik), die theologisch-anthropologische Dimension (Personsein, Identität, Menschenbild, existe ... more

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Google Scholar (139)

WorldCat (148)

Minding the Future: Artificial Intelligence, Philosophical Visions and Science Fiction

Barry Dainton, Will Slocombe, Attila Tanyi (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2021), xiv, 287 pp.

"Bringing together literary scholars, computer scientists, ethicists, philosophers of mind, and scholars from affiliated disciplines, this collection of essays offers important and timely insights into the pasts, presents, and, above all, possible futures of Artificial Intelligence. This book covers ... more

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Digital Roots: Historicizing Media and Communication Concepts of the Digital Age

Gabriele Balbi, Nelson Ribeiro, Valérie Schafer, Christian Schwarzenegger (eds.)

Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg (2021), vi, 318 pp.

"As media environments and communication practices evolve over time, so do theoretical concepts. This book analyzes some of the most well-known and fiercely discussed concepts of the digital age from a historical perspective, showing how many of them have pre-digital roots and how they have changed ... more

Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022 Deep Insights

Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium Deep Insights

Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022
Deep Insights

Elections in Digital Times: A Guide for Electoral Practitioners
Key Guides

Theologie und Digitalität: Ein Kompendium
Deep Insights