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Limited Internet Access in Zimbabwe a Major Hurdle for Remote Learning During Pandemic

Simangele Moyo-Nyede, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2020), 13 pp.

"The government of Zimbabwe is encouraging the use of digital platforms to provide remote learning services during the COVID-19 pandemic, but data showing that most households lack Internet access and reliable electricity suggest that many students will find it difficult or impossible to participate ... more

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Africa’s Digital Divide and the Promise of E-Learning
Deep Insights

Matthias Krönke

Afrobarometer (2020), 18 pp.

"On average across 34 countries, one in five adults (20%) have access to both a smartphone and a computer, while 43% only have access to a basic cell phone. In 15 out of 34 countries, at least half of adults have access to a smartphone or a computer or both. About three in 10 respondents (31%) use t ... more

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Free Vs. False: Namibia’s Changing Media Landscape Presents Tough Choices for Citizens

Christiaan Keulder

Afrobarometer (2020), 10 pp.

"Most adult Namibians own mobile phones (88%) and radios (67%). Four in 10 (40%) own television sets, and one in four (25%) own computers. Daily Internet use has multiplied over the past decade, increasing from 5% in 2008 to 28% in 2019. But more than four in 10 Namibians (44%) still “never” use ... more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Namibia

Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Namibians are embracing the digital transformation, according to indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. Interestingly, the youths that took part in eight focus groups conducted at the end of 2018 in Windhoek and Rundu are immersed in digital communication but are aware ... of the ambivalent nature of the news and information sources they find on social media and related Internet services. The importance of a critical mindset when navigating the World Wide Web was stressed by the eight experts interviewed as part of the study. This MIL INDEX study addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus groups conducted for this study reveal that there is a rural/urban divide in terms of access and use of media. The more rural (and older) groups use radio and television on a regular basis, while the more urban (and younger) groups tend to regard traditional media as yesterday’s media. This shift is in line with the rise of social media. Information uptake is coincidental and journalistic content is intermingled with all sorts of trivia when consumed in social networks. Smartphones are regarded by many as a substitute for newspapers, radio, and television. Amongst those who continue using traditional media, radio is turned to more often for information while TV is regarded more as an entertainment medium. Considering analytical skills, there is a certain disenchantment of the Namibian youths with journalistic media, the reporting being considered not close enough to the interests and issues of the youth. But it was interesting to find that the focus group participants’ appraisal of media in terms of trustworthiness is the exact opposite of their consumption patterns. While the discussions documented frequent use of social media these are evaluated as least trustworthy, whereas newspapers are rated highly on the trustworthiness scale but were hardly ever read. There is an awareness of the ambivalent quality of news and information on social media, but the youths cannot always name sources they consider produce high-quality information. The results in the reflection dimension are ambivalent. The youths can recount numerous cases of cyberbullying and disinformation (“fake news”). But the accompanying survey shows that while they reject hate speech and disinformation, there is a certain willingness to accept cyberbullying as given. This is echoed in the focus groups where participants’ advice is often to ignore hateful messages, rather than do something about them. However, the groups do discuss many other strategies in coming to terms with and combatting cyberbullying and disinformation. Rarely do they reflect the motivations that lie behind such behavior. It was also interesting to note that disinformation is mainly discussed with regards to online rather than traditional media." (Executive summary) more

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Crisis Communication: Radio Tops Zimbabweans’ News Sources – Except for ‘other People’

Anyway Chingwete, Stephen Ndoma

Afrobarometer (2020), 13 pp.

"Radio remains the leading source of media news for adult Zimbabweans. Six out of 10 citizens (59%) said they get news regularly (“every day” or “a few times a week”) via the radio, compared to 33% for television and 17% for newspapers. About one in five citizens get news regularly from soci ... more

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Die Wahrheit ist tot, es lebe die Wahrheit! Medien und Politik im heutigen Polen

Mikolaj Lewicki

Warsaw: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 4 pp.

"Die Medien haben in den letzten 10 Jahren in Polen deutlich an Glaubwürdigkeit eingebüßt – gleichzeitig ist in der Bevölkerung das politische Interesse und Engagement gestiegen. Die auseinandergehende Wahrnehmung der Politik in den Bevölkerungsgruppen formt der unterschiedliche Medienkonsum. ... more

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Our Lives Online: Use of Social Media by Children and Adolescents in East Asia. Opportunities, Risks and Harms

Monica Bulger, Patrick Burton

Bangkok: UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office; Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention (2020), 68 pp.

"This study is a snapshot of children’s use of social media in East Asia, focusing on four countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The research incorporates the experiences of 301 children across the four countries, including 121 street children and refugees, collected through a ser ... more

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Evaluación de necesidades de información en la ciudad de El Alto (Bolivia)

Fundación UNIR; Internews (2020), 61 pp.

"En El Alto funcionan cerca de 60 medios impresos, de radio y televisivos, además de media docena de portales digitales informativos. Los periodistas suman alrededor de 200, aunque la mayoría de ellos carecen de una relación laboral formal y desarrollan su trabajo en condición de productores ind ... more

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Consumo de podcast en Argentina: Encuesta 2020

Alejandra Torres, Agustín Espada

Drop The Mic (2020), 32 pp.

"La encuesta se realizó entre el 10 y 20 de abril a través de un formulario de Google compartido por redes de contactos y en redes sociales (principalmente Twitter). Las 2.325 respuestas no representan al universo de oyentes de podcasts ya que no se realizó ningún trabajo estadístico sobre la m ... more

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2019 Edelman Trust Barometer: Global Report

Edelman (2019), 65 pp.

"The 2019 Edelman Trust Barometer reveals that trust has changed profoundly in the past year—people have shifted their trust to the relationships within their control, most notably their employers. Globally, 75 percent of people trust “my employer” to do what is right, significantly more than ... more

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Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu
Deep Insights

Fondation Hirondelle; Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative; ICREDES (2019), 39 pp.

"The information ecosystem in DRC is fragmented and fragile. It is characterised by a great number of media outlets, however their level of professionalism is low and their vulnerability to partisan capture is high. This fragility is replicated in the online space. The Congolese population rely heav ... ily on informal sources of information such as word of mouth, interpersonal communication with family and friends. The scarcity of reliable information open avenues for the rumours and misinformation to spread. This context presents serious challenges for the promotion of good governance and accountability that requires well informed citizens. To better address those challenges, it is necessary to understand the main sources and dynamics of information flows both offline and online, and through media and non-media channels. A consortium composed of Fondation Hirondelle (FH), Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) and the Institut Congolais de Recherche en Développement et Etudes Stratégiques (ICREDES) was created in order to provide a more holistic view of the Congolese information ecosystem and to identify opportunities for entry. Due to the limited time and resources of the study, and because of the pre-existing networks and capacities of the consortium in this region, its focus is on North Kivu. To identify the voices, networks and themes that dominated this information ecosystem in this region, three levels of analysis were chosen: 1. The sources and level of information of the local populations. This analysis was provided by HHI that implemented household surveys of large samples of populations in Eastern DRC; 2. The sources of information of local journalists. This analysis was provided by FH that surveyed a network of 18 local radios in North Kivu; 3. The network and content analysis of digital and social media provided by DEMOS [...] Findings: Radio is the primary media source of information for the population of Eastern DRC (78% of the sample listens to it occasionally and 43% daily [...] The main sources of information depend on the context and the nature of the information people are seeking [...] The results highlight the lack of reliability of information sources (46% of respondents expressed a moderate to high level of confidence in local radio, and 39% for national radio) ..." (Executive summary) more

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Politics and Social Media in the Middle East and North Africa: Trends and Trust in Online Information

Jason Wee, Sophie Li

Arab Barometer (2019), 14 pp.

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Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar

Brad Ridout, Melyn McKay, Krestina Amon et al.

Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.

"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa ... more

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The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival
Deep Insights

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2019), 90 pp.

"This report analyses the Chin media sector. It is based on research conducted by MDIF from late 2018 through December 2019, as well as a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted by Myanmar Survey Research (MSR) in May 2019. The report provides data on the Chin media operations themselves, as w ... more

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Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights

Dennis Reineck, Roland Schürhoff, Jan Lublinski

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 19 pp.

"While global youth is often referred to as a fairly homogeneous generation of digital natives, data drawn from a survey in Jordan, Moldova, and Uganda suggests that this is not the case. Based on an instrument for measuring digital and news literacy, this paper presents a typology of five personae: ... more

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Digital News Report 2019

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 153 pp.

"Despite the efforts of the news industry, we find only a small increase in the numbers paying for any online news – whether by subscription, membership, or donation. Growth is limited to a handful of countries mainly in the Nordic region (Norway 34%, Sweden 27%) while the number paying in the US ... (16%) remains stable after a big jump in 2017. • Even in countries with higher levels of payment, the vast majority only have ONE online subscription – suggesting that ‘winner takes all’ dynamics are likely to be important. One encouraging development though is that most payments are now ‘ongoing’, rather than one-offs. In some countries, subscription fatigue may also be setting in, with the majority preferring to spend their limited budget on entertainment (Netflix/Spotify) rather than news. With many seeing news as a ‘chore’, publishers may struggle to substantially increase the market for high-priced ‘single title’ subscriptions. As more publishers launch pay models, over two-thirds (70%) of our sample in Norway and half (50%) in the United States now come across one or more barriers each week when trying to read online news. In many countries, people are spending less time with Facebook and more time with WhatsApp and Instagram than this time last year. Few users are abandoning Facebook entirely, though, and it remains by far the most important social network for news. Social communication around news is becoming more private as messaging apps continue to grow everywhere. WhatsApp has become a primary network for discussing and sharing news in non-Western countries like Brazil (53%) Malaysia (50%), and South Africa (49%). People in these countries are also far more likely than in the West to be part of large WhatsApp groups with people they don’t know – a trend that reflects how messaging applications can be used to easily share information at scale, potentially encouraging the spread of misinformation. Public and private Facebook Groups discussing news and politics have become popular in Turkey (29%) and Brazil (22%) but are much less used in Western countries such as Canada (7%) or Australia (7%). Concern about misinformation and disinformation remains high despite efforts by platforms and publishers to build public confidence. In Brazil 85% agree with a statement that they are worried about what is real and fake on the internet." (Summary, page 9) more

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Rádio: Credibilidade, resultado e união nacional

São Paulo: Associacão Brasileira de Emissoras de Rádio e Televisão (ABERT) (2019), 25 pp.

"Nove em cada 10 adultos conectados escutam rádio off-line. O rádio é o meio líder em confiança no Brasil. 64% percebem que a maioria das notícias consumidas no rádio é verdadeira. Mais da metade dos ouvintes brasileiros ligam o rádio porque querem se informar. Quando usado de forma combina ... more

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Strong Majority in South East Europe: Public Service Media Are Important for Democracy. Results of KAS Media Programme’s Survey on Significance of Public Service Media in Ten Countries of South East Europe

Hendrik Sittig, Darija Fabijanic (eds.)

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Programme South East Europe (2019), 5 pp.

"The Media Programme South East Europe of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) has taken a closer look at the current situation and developments of public service media in South East Europe the last couple of months. In a current representative opinion poll, over 10 000 people from all ten countries, ... more

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A Pillar of Democracy on Shaky Ground: Public Service Media in South East Europe
Deep Insights

Darija Fabijanic, Hendrik Sittig (eds.)

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS); Media Programme South East Europe (2019), vi, 236 pp.

"This book gives an overview of public service media in South East Europe; referring to the ten countries, which the Media Programme of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung covers. From Croatia to North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the Republic of Moldova, liberalised media markets have emerged following the c ... more

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Zimbabwe Media Report

GeoPoll; Internews (2019), 15 pp.

Africa’s Digital Divide and the Promise of E-Learning Deep Insights

Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu Deep Insights

The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival Deep Insights

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users Deep Insights

A Pillar of Democracy on Shaky Ground: Public Service Media in South East Europe Deep Insights

Africa’s Digital Divide and the Promise of E-Learning
Deep Insights

Influencers and Influencing for Better Accountability in the DRC: Sources and Circulation of Information in the DRC - the Case of North Kivu
Deep Insights

The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival
Deep Insights

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights

A Pillar of Democracy on Shaky Ground: Public Service Media in South East Europe
Deep Insights