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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Double-edged knife: Practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts
Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, volume 3, issue 1 (2020), pp. 22-42
"Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers
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Threats To Journalism Profession: Negotiations For Efficiency And Safe Practice
Journal of Communication and Media Studies, volume 1, issue 2 (2020), pp. 1-12
"Despite a plethora of threats such as funding, violence, ownership etc., challenging Journalism profession; amateurs who engage in the practice, seem to continually pose more threats. Amateurs arguably exacerbate the spread of fake and misleading information, disinformation, misinterpretation of is
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Digital Threats and Attacks on the Philippine Alternative Press: Range, Responses, and Remedies
In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 1-22
"In the Philippines, the assault on the press has gone digital. While Filipino journalists continue to face physical, verbal, and legal threats and attacks, cyber-attacks and online harassment/trolling were identified in 2018 as the second worst threat against them, after low wages and poor working
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You need a thick skin in this game: Journalists’ attitudes to resilience training as a strategy for combatting online violence
Australian Journalism Review, volume 42, issue 1 (2020), pp. 93-11.
"In recent years, resilience training has been recommended as a way to protect news workers from the impact of reporting on traumatic events. However, do journalists see it as a useful tool in dealing with online abuse and harassment? This article explores Australian journalists’ conceptions of re
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Female Journalists’ Experience of Online Harassment: A Case Study of Nepal
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 47-56
"This study examines the experiences of female journalists in Nepal in the context of rapidly growing expansion of broadband Internet. By examining the findings of the qualitative in-depth interview of 48 female journalists, it argues that online platforms are threatening press freedom in Nepal, mai
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A Mission to Inform: Journalists at Risk Speak Out
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2020), 149 pp.
"The present study brings together a unique collection of open testimonies from 20 journalists working in different member states of the Council of Europe. Each of these journalists spoke about the risks and pressures they perceived and experienced in exercising their profession, as well as their st
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Suffering in Silence: The Resilience of Pakistan’s Female Journalists to Combat Sexual Harassment, Threats and Discrimination
Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 2 (2020), pp. 150-170
"Pakistan’s journalists confront severe safety risks across the country and impunity to crimes against them allows the perpetrators to go unpunished. Now the country is recognized as one of the deadliest places for working journalists in the world. Given this situation, the Pakistani female journa
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Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship
Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1047-1067
"Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of response to such abuse. Through a representative survey of U.S. journalists, we find that nearly all journal
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A New Pedagogy to Enhance the Safety and Resilience of Journalists in Dangerous Environments Globally
Education Sciences, volume 10, issue 310 (2020), 15 pp.
"Risks to journalists are rising with disasters, epidemics, physical, mental and digital harassment all increasing globally. Some 1382 journalists have been killed since 1992 and 246 are imprisoned. However, the threat type has been changing, with the majority of journalists killed annually being on
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Safety of Female Journalists Online: A #SOFJO Resource Guide
Key Guides
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2020), 231 pp.
"Online harassment and abuse against women journalists has become a major hazard to the profession. One that threatens women journalists’ ability to do their jobs. It violates their right to freedom of expression as much as it hampers free and open access to information for all members of society.
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You Really Have to Have a Thick Skin’: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on How Online Harassment Influences Female Journalists
Journalism, volume 21, issue 7 (2020), pp. 877-895
"In-depth interviews with 75 female journalists who work or have worked in Germany, India, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America reveal that they face rampant online gendered harassment that influences how they do their jobs. Many of the women report that if they aim to engage
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Democracy at Stake: Self-Censorship as a Self-Defence Strategy for Journalists
Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 5-14
"The media play an essential role of informing and mobilising voters as well as facilitating a two-way communication process between citizens and those vying for electoral offices during elections. This allows citizens to get information on various issues from the contenders, which largely informs t
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Fighting Words: Journalism Under Assault in Central and Eastern Europe
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 30 pp.
"To understand the situation and examine what can be done to address it, we sent out a questionnaire to journalists in 16 countries in the region, asking them about the state of press freedom and the areas in which they felt their ability to work was being curtailed. We also asked them about sources
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3rd International Press Freedom Seminar: Off/Online Intimidation of Journalists. Report
Ghent: Ghent University (2019), 6 pp.
"The annual International Press Freedom was, for the third time, organised by the Faculty of Law and Criminology and the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of Ghent University, Belgium. The seminar gathered speakers from different backgrounds: journalists, academics, and civil society organisa
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#journodefender: Turning Trolling Against Journalists on its Head
Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2019), 83 pp.
"This report describes and analyses how online propaganda against journalists across the world - through hate, harassment, threats and fabricated news – undermines independent reporting, sows doubt among the public and makes journalists, in particular female journalists, open for online attacks an
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State-Aligned Trolling in Iran and the Double-Edged Affordances of Instagram
New Media & Society, volume 21, issue 7 (2019), pp. 1506-1527
"Online harassment is increasingly applied as a form of information control to curb free speech and exert power in online public spheres. In recent years, states have appeared to be particularly invested in weaponizing information against dissidents in an attempt at dominating social and political d
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A Badge of Honor? How the New York Times Discredits President Trump’s Fake News Accusations
Journalism Studies, volume 20, issue 2 (2019), pp. 287-304
"News organizations in many Western democracies face decreasing trust amid fake news accusations. In this situation, news organizations risk losing their license to operate and need to defend their legitimacy. This study analyzes how The New York Times (NYT) discredits fake news accusations, which a
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Online Harassment of Journalists: Attack of the Trolls
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2018), 36 pp.
"In a new report entitled “Online harassment of journalists: the trolls attack,” Reporters Without Borders (RSF) sheds light on the latest danger for journalists – threats and insults on social networks that are designed to intimidate them into silence. The sources of these threats and insults
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Tackling gendered violence online: Evaluating digital safety strategies for women journalists
Australian Journalism Review, volume 40, issue 2 (2018), pp. 73-89
"While many reporters regularly experience online violence, women journalists are more likely than their male counterparts to be targeted for abusive comments and image focused, violently sexualised aggression. With such gendered violence having serious implications for media freedom, diversity and
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