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Advancing Meaningful Connectivity: Towards Active and Participatory Digital Societies

Teddy Woodhouse

Washington, DC: Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI); World Wide Web Foundation (2022), 27 pp.

"This report advances the Meaningful Connectivity framework as a way to support more inclusive societies and strengthen digital economies. It measures the gap in the number of people with just basic internet access and those with meaningful connectivity and examines what this digital divide means fo ... more

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Inteligencia Artificial y participación en América Latina: Las estrategias nacionales de IA

Laura Hernández, María Paz Canales, Michel de Souza

Derechos Digitales (2022), 55 pp.

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Status of Digital Agriculture in 47 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Deep Insights

FAO; ITU (2022), x, 351 pp.

"It aims at providing a holistic view of digital transformation in the agriculture sector of 47 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The region’s digital agriculture landscape is assessed through six key themes, namely: infrastructure, digital penetration, policy and regulation, business environment, ... more

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Sustainable, Universal Access to the Internet: Environmental Implications and Policy Choices

Teddy Woodhouse

Washington, DC: Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI); World Wide Web Foundation (2021), 29 pp.

"This report analyses how governments are building climate and carbon factors into their broadband policies, looks at the consequences of inaction, and suggests policy recommendations towards a greener internet. We compiled publicly available documents for the national broadband plans from the 100 l ... more

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Re-Imagining Communication in Africa and the Caribbean: Global South Issues in Media, Culture and Technology

Hopeton S. Dunn, Dumisani Moyo, William O. Lesitaokana, Shanade Bianca Barnabas (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xxiii, 381 pp.

"This book advances alternative approaches to understanding media, culture and technology in two vibrant regions of the Global South. Bringing together scholars from Africa and the Caribbean, it traverses the domains of communication theory, digital technology strategy, media practice reforms, and c ... more

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Public Participation: An Assessment of Recent ICT Policy Making Processes in Kenya

Grace Githaiga, Victor Kapiyo, Sigi Waigumo Mwanzia

KICTANet (2021), 29 pp.

"This report assesses the extent to which the public participated in three recent ICT policy and law-making processes. These include the National Information Communications and Technology (ICT) Policy, 2019, the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act, 2018, and the Data Protection Act, 2019 [...] Gener ... more

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Affordability Report 2021: A New Strategy for Universal Access

Washington, DC: Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI); World Wide Web Foundation (2021), 28 pp.

"This report is the eighth edition of the Affordability Report. Released annually by the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI), the report summarises the state of internet affordability around the world and of the policies and regulations that affect it [...] The latest update of the Affordability ... more

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Giga: Empowering communities in Asia and the Pacific through school connectivity

Geneva: ITU (2021), ix, 92 pp.

"Giga, a joint collaboration between ITU and UNICEF, is an initiative to connect every young person in the world to information, opportunity and choice. Devised before the onslaught on COVID-19, the project addresses the underlying inequities in access to the Internet. However, it is also a platform ... for creating the infrastructure necessary to provide digital connectivity to an entire country, for every community and for every citizen. With schools as a focal point, Giga seeks to build robust digital ecosystems, so communities everywhere can cope with shocks such as COVID-19 and ensure that no one is left behind. To achieve this goal, Giga builds on four pillars: map, finance, connect, empower. Map. Mapping of schools helps identify the connectivity problems and gauge the magnitude of the challenge in each country. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to mapping school connectivity support this endeavour [...] Connect. There are various infrastructure and technology solutions available that could bring affordable connectivity to the unconnected schools identified by the mapping exercise, including established technologies such as Wi-Fi, satellite, and fibre [...] Finance. The selection of appropriate financing mechanisms depends on the magnitude of the challenge. The costing analysis can only take place after mapping connectivity gaps and determining fit-for-purpose connectivity solutions. Government budgets or universal service funds (USFs) could address small- to medium-sized connectivity gaps [...] Empower. Bringing connectivity to schools will have a limited impact if e-learning solutions are not in place and if educators do not have the digital skills to empower learners. There are many case studies from Asia and the Pacific of initiatives that aim to empower digital learning [...] Giga has made significant progress since its launch. It is already active in 17 countries in three regions. Countries in Asia and the Pacific are next to join the Giga initiative. Several countries have expressed interest, including Bhutan, Pakistan, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and Fiji. Each country has its own opportunities and challenges in terms of extending connectivity. The review of policies, regulatory environment, school connectivity initiatives and availability of connectivity data in potential Giga countries and the assessment of use cases strongly indicate that there is significant promise for the expansion of Giga in the region." (Executive summary, pages vi-vii) more

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Building an Enabling Environment for Inclusive Digital Transformation in Africa: Roadmap to Reform

CIPESA; Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE) (2021), 14 pp.

"The digital economy, including cross-border services, digital trade, and electronic commerce (eCommerce), contributes to democratic and economic development by expanding market access for local businesses, promoting inclusive trade, creating jobs, and increasing tax revenue for governments to provi ... more

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Making ICT Policy in Africa: An Introductory Handbook
Key Guides

Sekoetlane (ed.) Phamodi

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 71 pp.

"This introductory handbook to the development of ICT policy in Africa aims to assist law makers, government officials, lawyers, civil society organisations (CSOs), academics and members of the public engaged in the development and implementation of ICT policy. Its primary purpose is to provide an i ... more

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Policy Brief and Recommendations for an Enabling Environment for Community Networks in Brazil

Adriana Labardini Inzunza, Bruna Zanolli et al.

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2021), 152 pp.

"The policy brief we hereby present to the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) includes recommendations and specific proposals to enable community networks in Brazil, considering extensive research in both the global and Brazilian context, the state of the art of these small, not-f ... more

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Universal Service and Access Funds in Latin America & The Caribbean
Deep Insights

Nathalia Foditsch, Barbara Marchiori de Assis

Washington, DC: Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI); Internet Society (2021), 65 pp.

"Universal Service and Access Funds (USAFs) have been used by governments in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries since the 80s/90s to address telecommunication related gaps. While their existence is not free from criticism, they are an instrument that has been created to achieve universalit ... more

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Emerging technology trends: Artificial intelligence and big data for development 4.0

Mirjana Stankovic, Aminata Amadou Garba, Nikola Neftenov

Geneva: ITU (2021), xv, 87 pp.

"Intended as a guide for policy-makers and other stakeholders in crafting a national AI and data strategy for development, the report highlights opportunities and outlines good policy and regulatory practices for implementation, while also flagging key challenges and offering hands-on suggestions in ... more

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The Last-mile Internet Connectivity Solutions Guide: Sustainable Connectivity Options for Unconnected Sites

John Garrity, Aminata Amadou Garba

Geneva: ITU (2020), xviii, 137 pp.

"There are several overarching reasons why billions of people remain offline, ranging from a lack of network infrastructure availability and affordable Internet services to gaps in skills and ability, the availability and cost of personal devices, and a perceived lack of relevancy. For example, over ... 750 million people (approximately 10 per cent of the global population) are not covered by mobile broadband (3G or higher).2 This lack of coverage is particularly concentrated in rural and remote areas. In addition to the coverage gap, usage gaps exist in places with broadband coverage. For example, while up to 31 per cent of individuals in Africa do not have mobile broadband coverage, around 45 per cent do not use mobile Internet even though they live in places with mobile coverage. Estimates also suggest that there are at least 88 countries worldwide where average prices for entry-level mobile broadband service are considered unaffordable (above 2 per cent of average monthly GNI per capita). The Last-Mile Connectivity Internet Solutions Guide was developed to support the design and development of programmes and interventions that address two of these main issues: the lack of Internet infrastructure availability in certain areas; high Internet service prices that make Internet connectivity unaffordable for local populations. The Solutions Guide presents a methodology for introducing sustainable, affordable connectivity solutions in unconnected and underserved geographies. Although the other challenges (e.g. digital literacy, personal devices and locally relevant content) are as important, they are not the focus here, as they are addressed in depth in other resources listed in the Annex 2. This Solutions Guide was developed to help accelerate actions by Member States to address last-mile Internet connectivity issues in situations that include a lack of network infrastructure and with a view to encouraging more affordable service delivery. It has been written from the perspective of localities and users in geographies without Internet access: the last-mile connectivity communities. The tools, service interventions and policy solutions therefore reflect how best to extend Internet access to those localities, taking into account their unique characteristics." (Executive summary) more

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Secuencia e hitos de la polémica ley de las TIC en Colombia

Débora Margarita Pérez Serna, Diana Lombana

Bogotá: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2020), 9 pp.

"La ley TIC (tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones) 1978, aprobada en julio de 2019 por el Congreso de la República de Colombia, es fruto de numerosas polémicas que desencadenaron movilizaciones, debates ciudadanos y cuestionamientos públicos. ¿Cuáles fueron sus ejes de discusió ... more

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Bridging the Digital Innovation Divide: A toolkit for developing sustainable ICT-centric ecosystem projects

Geneva: ITU (2020), ix, 70 pp.

"This toolkit is a guide to skills that will empower digital innovation ecosystem actors to turn a community into a thriving a digital society. Developing strong innovation ecosystems is a key component of national development, as innovation — especially in ICTs — is a driver of economic competi ... more

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The State of ICT in Uganda

Alison Gillwald (ed.)

Cape Town: Research ICT Africa (2019), VII, 26 pp.

"It is evident that Uganda will need to do some things differently to ensure improved outcomes. Addressing inconsistencies in policy that affect the sector is critical. Each policy that impacts the sector, regardless of the Ministry that develops it, should be evaluated before implementation within ... more