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Promoting and advancing human rights in global AI ecosystems: The need for a comprehensive framework under international law

Alexander Kriebitz, Caitlin C. Corrigan (eds.)

Globethics Foundation; Responsible AI Network – Africa (RAIN-Africa) (2026), 33 pp.

"In response to far-reaching societal impacts of AI, policymakers are increasingly adopting a human rights lens for AI governance. However, the regulatory landscape remains fragmented and characterized by Western led initiatives as well as inconsistent enforcement. To address these limitations, a un ... ified and binding international framework is urgently needed. The proposed Convention on AI, Data, and Human Rights (drafted as the “Munich Convention on AI, Data, and Human Rights”) is an initiative toward such a framework. Developed with contributions from over 50 global experts, it proposes an international convention to align AI governance with human rights principles. This whitepaper explores the underlying rationale behind the convention, emphasizing its alignment with the norms and principles articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Charter. It examines the relevance of safeguards against AI’s misuse in facilitating human rights violations, with particular focus on protecting underrepresented or marginalized groups, including indigenous peoples, and addressing collective rights. It furthermore points to the necessity to codify rights that empower individuals to opt out, be forgotten, seek explanations, and access remedies to maintain adequate human rights standards in the context of AI. The urgency to act arises from the escalating impact of AI and the rapid pace of political and technological advancements. The UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is particularly well poised to play a leading role in initiating global discussions on a binding convention for AI governance, grounded in human rights principles. Drawing on its established mandate to uphold human rights globally, the UNHRC has a record of successfully embedding human rights principles into international frameworks, as demonstrated by its endorsement of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. Through dedicated action around promoting a convention on AI and human rights, the UNHRC can foster international consensus and proactively shape the future of AI in a manner that prioritizes the values and principles enshrined in the key documents of international human rights law." (Executive summary) more

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Toward AI Governance Alignment in Africa, Middle East, and Türkiye (AMET) Region

Emma Ruttkamp-Bloem, Fola Adeleke, Jake Effoduh, Kebene Wodajo, Nagla Rizk, Olubayo Adekanmbi, Rachel Adams, Rami Alkarmi, Seani Rananga, Seydina Ndiaye, Shikoh Gitau, Tami Koroye

Global Center on AI Governance (GCG) (2026), 54 pp.

"The analysis begins by identifying the core “centric approaches” that guide Artificial Intelligence (AI) national strategies. These include security-anchored models driven by state control, innovation-led frameworks that prioritise competitiveness, rights-based regimes centred on fundamental pr ... otections, and developmental approaches focused on public service delivery and technological catch-up. Each approach expresses incentives, risk perceptions and administrative capacities. Out of these foundational choices, there are different groupings. Various regions within AMET are adopting recognisable patterns of regulation that reflect their political economies, institutional structures and geopolitical positions. These groupings are not static categories, but evolving alignments shaped by domestic pressures, supply-chain dependencies and shifting global power dynamics. Across all regions, a set of cross-cutting issues consistently shapes the regulatory landscape. Data protection and interoperability remain central, alongside growing demands for accountability, explainability and robust auditing. Standards and certification are emerging as tools for both trustbuilding and geopolitical influence. Sector-specific rules in finance, health, education and public administration are increasingly decisive. Capacity constraints, fiscal limits and uneven institutional strength continue to define what is realistically possible for many governments. Geopolitical tensions and cloud concentration reinforce questions around sovereignty, infrastructure control and long-term strategic autonomy. This report translates these insights into practical implications for states, regional bodies and technology firms. It highlights workable pathways for reconciling innovation with safety, managing cross-border data flows, and building resilient digital infrastructure. It also identifies areas where architecture choices such as regional cloud centres, culturally calibrated testing layers and tiered sovereignty models can support both regulatory goals and developmental priorities. The recommendations emphasise flexible alignment, cooperation through standards, and the need for shared mechanisms that accommodate political diversity while reducing fragmentation. Taken together, the framework provides a stable and operational way of understanding global AI regulation. It clarifies the interests driving different jurisdictions, the pressures that shape convergence or divergence, and the strategic considerations that technology firms and policymakers must navigate as the regulatory environment continues to evolve." (Executive summary) more

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Governing the Digital Society: Platforms, Artificial Intelligence, and Public Values

José van Dijck, Karin Van Es, Anne Helmond, Fernando van der Vlist (eds.)

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2025), 261 pp.

"Governing the Digital Societypresents a range of governance approaches, focusing on online platforms, artificial intelligence, and the public values that underpin these technologies. The authors position themselves at the forefront of their disciplines, offering perspectives from law, critical data ... more

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Trust, Responsibility, and Digital Governance: Regulation of AI and Blockchain Technology from a Capacity-Based Perspective

Sebastian Bücker, Marcus Düwell, Andreas Kaminski, Michael Leyer (eds.)

Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2025), 229 pp.

"Numerous ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks have been developed to assess and shape digital systems. However, these efforts often rest on the dubious assumption that individuals and organisations possess the necessary capacities to assess such systems in terms of justice, reliability, and ... more

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An Autonomy-Based Classification: AI Agents, Liability and Lessons from the Automated Vehicles Act

Lisa Soder, Julia Smakman, Connor Dunlop, Oliver Sussman

Berlin: Interface; Ada Lovelace Institute (2025), 28 pp.

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Companion Document: The Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms and Generative Artificial Intelligence

Paris: UNESCO (2025), 34 pp.

"The Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms outline a set of responsibilities, duties, and recommendations relevant to the governance of generative AI. These include fostering an enabling environment for freedom of expression and access to information; establishing independent governance ... more

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The AI Policy Playbook: Navigating AI Policy Development through an African and Asian Lens

Aubra Anthony, Deshni Govender, Nadine Dammaschk, Golo Rademacher, Kim Willet, Gustavo Fonseca Ribeiro, Sheila Kibughi

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) FAIR Forward; AI Policymaker Network (2025), 70 pp.

"The AI Policy Playbook offers a practical guide for governments in Africa and Asia to develop responsible and context-specific AI policies. Drawing from real-world policymaking experiences in seven countries, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, India, and Indonesia, the playbook shares less ... more

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AI in Africa: A Landscape Study

Rachel Adams, Fola Adeleke, Leah Junck, Samule Segun, Ayantola Alayande, Selamawit Abdella, Mark Gaffley, Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon, Funbi Salami

Global Center on AI Governance; African Observatory on Responsible AI (2025), 44 pp.

"Though comprehensive AI regulation is still nascent in Africa, there is an increased focus on national AI strategies, ethical guidelines and international collaborations. Over 40 countries have already established data protection and privacy laws, creating opportunities for harmonised regulations a ... nd a supportive environment for AI innovation. Key continental governance instruments and initiatives also include the African Union’s AI Strategy, the African Continental Free Trade Area and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This report found that the increasing application of AI in key sectors across Africa, such as health, education, finance, agriculture, public services and the environment, necessitates a collaborative approach to ethical AI development and use. This requires addressing persistent infrastructural gaps, developing regional regulatory frameworks, investments in AI research and capacity building efforts as well as promoting multi-stakeholder AI governance initiatives. Key strategies identified include joint investment and funding, pooling resources and supporting sustainable and fair open-source projects, which will help direct efforts toward innovation and regional independence. Open Source AI models are particularly important in Africa where local tech startups can leverage global open-source initiatives to build context-specific solutions. However, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy and ethical AI deployment call for more robust policies for open source AI on the continent. To foster responsible AI innovation, African countries should establish comprehensive AI governance frameworks while adhering to existing laws as well as strengthen regulatory institutions to provide oversight over AI technologies. Regulatory sandboxing also offers a viable approach to enable sage experimentation with appropriate oversight. Regional and international cooperation as well as leveraging public-private partnerships can promote funding for expanding AI research and development initiatives, resolve talent shortages and promote infrastructure development. Africa has a unique opportunity to leverage AI, along with its resources and local young talent, for socioeconomic development. However, to ensure inclusivity and sustainable innovation, it is essential to address infrastructure challenges and establish regulatory frameworks that protect societal wellbeing. Embracing collaborative efforts, including open source initiatives, regional and international partnerships are critical for achieving the continent’s ambitious goals without leaving anyone behind." (Executive Summaty, page 3) more

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Just Hiring! How to counter discrimination in AI-assisted recruiting at the governance level. A toolkit for policymakers

M. Daviet, A. Mueller, N. Baranowska, G. Meijers, C. Castillo, J. Saldivar, A. Gatzioura

FINDHR Fairness and Intersectional Non-Discrimination in Human Recommendation (2025), 67 pp.

"In this Toolkit, we offer introductory information and concrete recommendations on how to mitigate the risk of discrimination in algorithmic hiring systems on a governance level. This Toolkit addresses policymakers and people working in regulatory bodies, as well as civil society organisations inte ... more

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Intelligence artificielle et robotique autonome: Enjeux et défis contemporains dans l’espace francophone

Etienne Damome, Moustapha Ben Ismïila Diaby (eds.)

Paris: L'Harmattan (2025), 358 pp.

"Cet ouvrage propose une analyse nuancée des transformations induites par l'IA et la robotique autonome dans l'espace francophone. Il insiste sur son potentiel à façonner durablement les sociétés contemporaines. S'appuyant sur des exemples concrets et des études de cas, l'ouvrage fournit un ca ... more

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Guía de implementación de protección de datos y uso responsable de inteligencia artifical en Bolivia

Estefani Cabrera Rojas, Nicoel Angel Sanchez Rojas

La Paz: InternetBolivia; Consorcio InDiCo Global (2025), 63 pp.

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AI as a Public Good: Ensuring Democratic Control of AI in the Information Space. Policy Framework

Forum on Information & Democracy (2024), 140 pp.

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Consultation Paper on AI Regulation: Emerging Approaches Across the World

Juan David Gutiérrez

Paris: UNESCO (2024), 49 pp.

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Regulatory Mapping on Artificial Intelligence in Latin America: Regional AI Public Policy Report

Franco Giandana Gigena

Access Now (2024), 90 pp.

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Introduction to AI Safety, Ethics, and Society

Dan Hendrycks

Boca Raton; London: CRC Press (2024), xvi, 543 pp.

"As AI technology is rapidly progressing in capability and being adopted more widely across society, it is more important than ever to understand the potential risks AI may pose and how AI can be developed and deployed safely. Introduction to AI Safety, Ethics, and Society offers a comprehensive and ... more

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The CLeAR Documentation Framework for AI Transparency: Recommendations for Practitioners and Context for Policymakers

Kasia Chmielinksi, Sarah Newman, Chris N. Kranzinger et al.

Shorenstein Center (2024), 35 pp.

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Los caminos regulatorios para la IA en América Latina: Recopilación de estudios de caso en Brasil, México, Perú y Colombia

AlSur (2024), 24 pp.

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Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Harnessing AI for Africa’s Development and Prosperity

African Union (2024), 63 pp.

"For Africa, AI has the potential to significantly impact the attainment of Agenda 2063 Aspirations and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is seen as a driving force for positive change, socio-economic transformation and cultural renaissance. AI can stimulate economic growth, create new in ... more

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Stratégie Continentale sur l’Intelligence Artificielle: Mettre l'IA au Service du Développement et de la Prospérité de l'Afrique

Union Africaine (2024), 63 pp.

"Pour l'Afrique, l'IA pourrait avoir un impact significatif sur la réalisation des aspirations de l'Agenda 2063 et des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD). Elle est considérée comme un moteur de changement positif, de transformation socio-économique et de renaissance culturelle. L'IA peut ... stimuler la croissance économique, créer de nouvelles industries, motiver l’innovation, générer des opportunités d'emploi, développer de nouveaux créneaux d'activité économique pour les femmes et les jeunes, soutenir la préservation du patrimoine culturel de l'Afrique et aider à résoudre quelques défis complexes et urgents de l'Afrique dans les domaines de la santé, de l'agriculture, de l'éducation, des finances, de la prestation des services publics et bien d'autres encore. La stratégie continentale de l'Union africaine (UA) en matière d'IA s'aligne sur les aspirations de l'UA en matière de développement inclusif ainsi que sur ses valeurs fondamentales. Guidée par les principes d'éthique, d'inclusion et de diversité, des droits de l'homme et de dignité humaine, de bien-être des personnes, de paix et de prospérité, elle donne la priorité au développement et à l'adaptation des systèmes d'IA au contexte africain. Cette stratégie propose une approche inclusive, centrée sur l'Afrique et axée sur le développement autour de cinq domaines d'intervention notamment : tirer le meilleur parti possible des avantages de l'IA, renforcer les capacités en matière d'IA, minimiser les risques, stimuler l'investissement et favoriser la coopération. Elle définit une vision commune et identifie les interventions clés en matière de politique pour permettre au continent d'exploiter l'énorme potentiel de l'IA tout en relevant les défis sociétaux, éthiques, sécuritaires et juridiques associés aux transformations induites par l'IA. Avec cette stratégie continentale en matière d'IA, l'Afrique est en train de poser les fondements nécessaires pour devenir une partie intégrante de la révolution de l'IA en optimisant ces avantages et en libérant son très grand potentiel pour ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour tous les citoyens. La population africaine, jeune et technophile, est bien placée pour adopter les technologies innovantes et les mettre au service de la transformation économique et sociale." (Avant-propos) more

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Der Gedanken-Code

Janosch Delcker

München: C.H.Beck (2024), 206 pp.

"Rund um die Welt kombinieren Firmen und Forschende künstliche Intelligenz mit Erkenntnissen aus der Hirnforschung. Ihr Ziel: den Code unseres Denkens zu knacken und zu verstehen, was in uns vorgeht. Schon bald werden ihre Technologien in viele Bereiche unseres Lebens vordringen. Das birgt enorme C ... more