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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Journals
Output Type
Disorder in the Newsroom: The Media's Perceptions and Response to the Infodemic
Media Matters for Democracy; Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 29 pp.
"The research included a survey of 546 journalists along with in-depth interviews of 10 senior reporters and editors in national and international newsrooms based in Pakistan. The survey, aimed at understanding the perception of their ability to identify and counter misinformation, found that almost
...
Social Media and Disinformation in War Propaganda: How Afghan Government and the Taliban Use Twitter
Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1-2 (2020), pp. 34-46
"This study examines disinformation and propaganda in war in the age of information particularly through social media. It analyzes Twitter's posts of the Afghan government and the Taliban, from January to March 2018. For understanding disinformation, 952 tweets of both parties were crosschecked with
...
Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Deep Insights
Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute (2020), 23 pp.
"Our 2020 report highlights the recent trends of computational propaganda across 81 countries and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources used to manipulate public opinion around the globe. We identify three key trends in this year’s inventory of disinformation activity: 1. Cyber
...
Engendering Hate: The Contours of State-Aligned Gendered Disinformation Online
London: Demos (2020), 40 pp.
"Online spaces are being systematically weaponised to exclude women leaders and to undermine the role of women in public life. Attacks on women which use hateful language, rumour and gendered stereotypes combine personal attacks with political motivations, making online spaces dangerous places for w
...
Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.
"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat
...
"Disinformation is an endemic and ubiquitous part of politics throughout the Western Balkans, without exception. A mapping of the disinformation and counter-dis in for mation landscapes in the region in the period from 2018 through 2020 reveals three key disinformation challenges: external challenge
...
10 Things to Know About Misinformation and Disinformation
London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI) (2020), 13 pp.
"By accident or design, the internet and social media have created the ideal conditions for a huge increase in false information and conspiracy theories. This can cause real harm offline, especially because digital literacy and digital policy are both currently unable to keep up with the pace of cha
...
Causes and Consequences of Mainstream Media Dissemination of Fake News: Literature Review and Synthesis
Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 44, issue 2 (2020), pp. 157-173
"Research indicates that the reach of fake news websites is limited to small parts of the population. On the other hand, data demonstrate that large proportions of the public know about notable fake news stories and believe them. These findings imply the possibility that most people hear about fake
...
Fake News und Desinformation: Herausforderungen für die vernetzte Gesellschaft und die empirische Forschung
Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 361 pp.
"Desinformation ist eine Konstante der politischen Kommunikation. Doch mit der Wahl Donald Trumps zum Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten und der Brexit-Abstimmung in Großbritannien erhielten bewusst lancierte Falschnachrichten eine neue gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Denn nun wurde sichtbar, welche
...
Freedom on the Net 2020: The Pandemic's Digital Shadow
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2020), 33 pp.
"Three notable trends punctuated an especially dismal year for internet freedom. First, political leaders used the pandemic as a pretext to limit access to information. Authorities often blocked independent news sites and arrested individuals on spurious charges of spreading false news. In many plac
...
Fake News, Framing, Fact-Checking: Nachrichten im digitalen Zeitalter. Ein Handbuch
Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2020), 569 pp.
"Digitale Kanäle wie Youtube, Facebook oder Instagram, Künstliche Intelligenz, Fake-News-Vorwürfe und zunehmend fragmentierte Publikumsinteressen haben das Format Nachricht ebenso verändert wie das journalistische Handwerk und die Nachrichtenrezeption. Was bedeutet dieser grundlegende Wandel fü
...
Die Kunst des Miteinander-Redens: Über den Dialog in Gesellschaft und Politik
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 222 pp.
"Entgrenzt, entfesselt, entgleist? Im digitalen Zeitalter ist Kommunikation prinzipiell schrankenlos, die Anlässe für Debatten sind unübersehbar – und die Art und Weise, wie in der (Netz)öffentlichkeit weniger mit- als vor allem übereinander gesprochen wird, oftmals weit jenseits überkommene
...
Port-Au-Prince Information Ecosystem Assessment
Internews; Panos Caribbean (2020), 70 pp.
"Key finding 1: A trusted thirdperson is the most important information provider. When asked for their main source of information, family, friends, and religious leaders accounted for 89% of the response choices combined. Additionally, 97% stated they trust their family and friends. Key finding 2: S
...
Fakecracia
Buenos Aires: Biblos (2020), 288 pp.
Free Vs. False: Namibia’s Changing Media Landscape Presents Tough Choices for Citizens
Afrobarometer (2020), 10 pp.
"Most adult Namibians own mobile phones (88%) and radios (67%). Four in 10 (40%) own television sets, and one in four (25%) own computers. Daily Internet use has multiplied over the past decade, increasing from 5% in 2008 to 28% in 2019. But more than four in 10 Namibians (44%) still “never” use
...
Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media
Tirana; Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Albanian Media Institute (2020), 27 pp.
"[...] the purpose of this paper is to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation. The research focuses mainly on online media, as they are identified as the main carriers of disinformation and hate speech, with a few ex
...
A Systematic Review on Fake News Themes Reported in Literature
In: Responsible Design, Implementation and Use of Information and Communication Technology. I3E 2020
International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) (2020), pp. 223-234
"In this systematic literature review, a study of the factors involved in the spreading of fake news, have been provided. In this review, the root causes of the spreading of fake news are identified to reduce the encouraging of such false information. To combat the spreading of fake news on social m
...
Online Temptations: COVID-19 and Religious Misinformation in the MENA Region
Social Media + Society, volume 6, issue 3 (2020), pp. 1-4
"Issues of verification in the age of mass media, and now social media, have been a long-discussed topic among Islamic media scholars. While Islam might be a common thread in COVID-19 religious misinformation, there is nothing inherently Islamic to the religious tinged elements of misinformation on
...
The Debunking Handbook 2020
Key Guides
Databrary (2020), 19 pp.
"The handbook is a consensus document that was created by an innovative process that involved a series of predefined steps, all of which were followed and documented and are publicly available. The authors were invited based on their scientific status in the field, and they all agreed on all points
...
Deepfakes & Disinformation
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 31 pp.
